Kutumiza ndi chiyani komanso momwe zimagwirira ntchito

Kuyamba koyenda bwino, kuthamangitsa popanda kubweretsa injini kuthamanga kwambiri ndi chitonthozo munjira izi - zonsezi sizingatheke popanda kufalitsa kwa galimotoyo. Tiyeni tiwone momwe gawoli limaperekera njira zomwe zatchulidwazi, mitundu yanji ya zida zomwe zilipo, ndi magulu ati akulu opatsirana omwe amakhala nawo.

Kutumiza ndi chiyani

Kutumiza kwa galimoto, kapena bokosi lamagiya, ndi makina amisonkhano omwe amakhala ndi magiya, shafts, ma disc okangana ndi zinthu zina. Njirayi imayikidwa pakati pa injini ndi mawilo oyendetsa galimotoyo.

Cholinga cha kutumiza kwamagalimoto

Cholinga cha njirayi ndi yosavuta - kusamutsa makokedwe omwe amabwera kuchokera pagalimoto kupita kuma gudumu oyendetsa ndikusintha liwiro lakuzungulira kwa shafts yachiwiri. Injiniyo ikayambika, flywheel imazungulira malinga ndi liwiro la crankshaft. Ngati itagwira mwamphamvu ndi mawilo oyendetsa, ndiye kuti sizingatheke kuyamba kuyenda bwino pagalimoto, ndipo kuyima kulikonse pagalimoto kumafuna kuti woyendetsa azimitse injini.

Aliyense amadziwa kuti batire yamagetsi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambitsa injini. Popanda kutumiza, galimotoyo imayamba kuyenda pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvuzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magetsi azituluka mwachangu kwambiri.

Kutumiza kumapangidwa kuti dalaivala athe kuthana ndi magudumu oyendetsa galimoto kuchokera mu injini kuti:

• Yambitsani injini osagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri batire;
• Limbikitsani galimoto popanda kuwonjezera liwiro la injini kukhala yofunika kwambiri;
• Gwiritsani ntchito kuyenda mozungulira, mwachitsanzo kukoka;
• Sankhani njira yomwe singavulaze injini ndikuwonetsetsa mayendedwe otetezeka;
• Imani galimoto osazimitsa injini yoyaka yamkati (mwachitsanzo, pamaroboti kapena kuloleza oyenda pansi kuyenda pa mbidzi).

Komanso, kufala kwagalimoto kumakupatsani mwayi wosintha mayendedwe a makokedwewo. Izi ndizofunikira kuti musinthe.

Ndipo chinthu china chotumizira ndikutembenuza liwiro la injini kukhala liwiro lovomerezeka. Akadakhala akuzungulira pa liwiro la 7 zikwi, ndiye kuti m'mimba mwake amayenera kukhala ochepa kwambiri, kapena magalimoto onse akanakhala masewera, ndipo samayendetsedwa bwino m'mizinda yodzaza.

Kutumiza kumagawana mofananira mphamvu yamphamvu ya injini kuti mphindi yakusintha ipangitse kuyamba kosalala komanso kosalala, kuyenda kwakukwera, koma nthawi yomweyo kulola kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamainjini kuyendetsa galimotoyo.

Mitundu yotumizira

Ngakhale opanga apanga ndikupitiliza kupanga mitundu ingapo yama bokosi amakanema, onse amatha kugawidwa m'magulu anayi. Komanso - mwachidule za mawonekedwe a aliyense wa iwo.

Kutumiza Kwamanja

Uwu ndiye mtundu woyamba komanso wodziwika kwambiri wofalitsa matenda. Ngakhale oyendetsa galimoto amakono amasankha gearbox iyi. Chifukwa cha izi ndizosavuta, kuthekera kugwiritsa ntchito galimotoyo m'malo moyambira kuyambitsa injini ngati batri latulutsidwa (za momwe mungachitire izi molondola, werengani apa).

Chodziwika bwino pa bokosili ndikuti dalaivala yekha ndiye amasankha nthawi komanso liwiro liti. Zachidziwikire, izi zimafunikira kumvetsetsa kwakanthawi komwe mungakwere kapena kutsika.

Chifukwa chodalirika komanso chosavuta kukonza ndi kukonza, kufalitsa kwamtunduwu kumakhalabe kutsogola pamiyeso yamagiya. Popanga makina, wopanga samawononga ndalama zambiri komanso zinthu zambiri popanga makina kapena maloboti.

Kusuntha kwamagalimoto ndi motere. Bokosi la gearbox limaphatikizapo chimbale chomenyera, chomwe chimakanikizidwa, chimadula injini yamagalimoto kuchokera pagalimoto yamagiya. Pomwe zowalamulira zatha, dalaivala amasamutsa makinawo kupita kwina. Chifukwa chake galimoto imathamanga (kapena kubwerera m'mbuyo), ndipo injini samavutika.

Chipangizo cha mabokosi opanga chimakhala ndi magiya ndi ma shafeti, omwe amalumikizidwa mwanjira yoti dalaivala asinthe msanga zida zomwe akufuna. Kuchepetsa phokoso limagwirira ntchito magiya ndi oblique dongosolo mano. Ndi kukhazikika ndi kuthamanga kwazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano, ma synchronizers amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Amagwirizanitsa kufulumira kwa kasinthasintha ka shafts iwiri.

Werengani za zida zamakina m'nkhani yapadera.

Kutumiza kwa Robotic

Potengera kapangidwe ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake, maloboti amafanana kwambiri ndi anzawo. Mwa iwo okha, kusankha ndi kusintha kosunthira kumachitika ndi zamagetsi zamagalimoto. Ma robotic transmissions ambiri amakhala ndi njira yosankhira pomwe woyendetsa amagwiritsa ntchito lever yosunthira yomwe ili pa chosankhira. Mitundu ina yamagalimoto imakhala ndi zikwangwani pa chiongolero m'malo mwa lever iyi, mothandizidwa ndi omwe driver amawonjezera kapena amachepetsa magiya.

Pofuna kukonza kukhazikika ndi kudalirika kwa ntchito, maloboti amakono amakhala ndi zida zowonera kawiri. Kusinthaku kumatchedwa kusankha. Chodziwika bwino ndikuti chimbudzi chimodzi chimatsimikizira kuti bokosilo likuyenda bwino, ndipo chachiwiri chimakonzekera njira zoyendetsera liwiro musanasinthe zida zina.

Werengani zambiri za makina a robotic shifting system pano.

Makinawa kufala

Bokosi lotere lomwe limavotera makina oterewa lili pamalo achiwiri pambuyo pa zimango. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, kutumiza koteroko kumakhala kovuta kwambiri. Ili ndi zinthu zina zowonjezera, kuphatikiza masensa. Komabe, mosiyana ndi mnzake wa robotic komanso makina, makinawo alibe disc yolumikizira. M'malo mwake, chosinthira makokedwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Chosinthira makokedwe ndi makina omwe amagwira ntchito potengera kayendedwe ka mafuta. Chinyezi chogwirira ntchito chimaponyedwa kumtunda wonyamula, womwe umayendetsa shaft drive. Chomwe chimasiyanitsa m'bokosili ndikosowa kwa kulumikizana kolimba pakati pa makina opatsira ndi injini yamagalimoto.

Kutumiza kwadzidzidzi kumagwiranso ntchito chimodzimodzi ndi loboti. Zamagetsi zokha zimatsimikizira nthawi yosinthira mumachitidwe omwe mukufuna. Komanso, makina ambiri ali ndi mode theka-zodziwikiratu, pamene dalaivala, pogwiritsa ntchito ndalezo kosangalatsa, analangiza dongosolo kusinthira kwa zida ankafuna.

Zosintha zam'mbuyomu zidangokhala ndi chosinthira makokedwe, koma lero pali zosintha zamagetsi. Kachiwiri, kuwongolera kwamagetsi kumatha kusintha mitundu ingapo, iliyonse yomwe ili ndi magiya ake.

Zambiri pazida ndi makina ogwiritsira ntchito makina zidafotokozedwa poyambiranso kale.

Kupitiliza kosalekeza kosalekeza

Kutumiza kotereku kumatchedwanso variator. Bokosi lokhalo momwe mulibe kusintha kwa magiya. Kugawidwa kwa makokedwe kumayendetsedwa ndikusuntha makoma a pulley shaft pulley.

Kuyendetsa ndi kuyendetsa shafts kumalumikizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito lamba kapena unyolo. Kusankha kwa chiŵerengero cha zida kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kufalitsa kwamagetsi kutengera chidziwitso chomwe chalandira kuchokera ku masensa amitundu yamagalimoto.

Nayi tebulo laling'ono lazabwino ndi zoyipa zamtundu uliwonse wa bokosi:

Mtundu wa bokosi:	Mapulani:	kuipa:
Kutumiza kwamanja (makina)	Mkulu dzuwa; Amalola kupulumutsa mafuta; Zambiri chipangizo; yotchipa kukonza; High kudalirika.	Woyamba kumene amafunikira maphunziro ochulukirapo kuti agwiritse ntchito bwino momwe angatumizire; Poyerekeza ndi mabokosi ena, izi sizitonthoza.
"Zidole"	Chitonthozo pamene mukusuntha (palibe chifukwa chofikira kwa lever nthawi iliyonse yomwe mukufuna kusinthana); Zamagetsi ndizomwe zimatsimikizira nthawi yabwino kwambiri yosinthira ku zida zomwe mukufuna (izi zithandizira makamaka iwo omwe zimawavuta kuzolowera gawo ili).	Pali kuchedwa panthawi yamagiya; Kukwera / kutsika nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosalala; Kumaletsa woyendetsa kuti asasunge mafuta.
Mwachangu	Kusunthira kwabwino kosunthira (kosalala komanso kosazindikirika); Mukakanikizira mozungulira gasi, imatsika kuti imthamangitse galimoto mwachangu (mwachitsanzo, ikamakumananso).	Kukonza mtengo ndi kukonza; Sipulumutsa mafuta; Osati ndalama pakumwa mafuta; Zovuta pakukonza, ndichifukwa chake muyenera kuyang'ana ntchito yotsika mtengo, osati makaniko onse amatha kusintha kapena kukonza makinawo; Simungayambitse injini kuchokera pachikoka.
CVT	Kusintha kosalala kosasunthira popanda kubweretsa magalimoto kumtunda wapamwamba (komwe kumalepheretsa kutentha kwambiri); Kuchulukitsa kutonthoza; Kugwiritsa ntchito mosamala magwero a injini; Kuphweka poyendetsa.	Kukonzekera kwamtengo wapatali; Kuthamanga kwaulesi (poyerekeza ndi zofananira zam'mbuyomu); Sizingapangitse kuti ntchito igwiritse ntchito mafuta m'njira yamafuta; Sikutheka kuyambitsa injini kuchokera pakukoka.

Kuti mumve zambiri zakusiyana kwamabokosi amtunduwu, onani kanemayu:

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa kufalitsa pamanja, kutengera zodziwikiratu, chosinthira ndi roboti

Kupatsirana kwamakina

Chodabwitsa cha makina opatsirana ndi chakuti njira yonse yosinthira pakati pa magiya imachitika kokha chifukwa cha kulowerera kwa makina a dalaivala. Ndiye yekhayo amene amafinya zowawa, kusokoneza kufala kwa makokedwe kuchokera flywheel kwa clutch chimbale. Ndi kokha mwa zochita za dalaivala kuti giya kusintha ndi kuyambiranso kwa kupereka torque kwa magiya gearbox.

Koma lingaliro la kufalitsa kwamanja siliyenera kusokonezedwa ndi kufalitsa kwamanja. Bokosilo ndi gawo lothandizira kugawidwa kwa mphamvu zokoka. Mu makina opatsirana, kufalitsa kwa torque kumachitika kudzera pamakina. Ndiye kuti, zinthu zonse za dongosololi zimalumikizidwa mwachindunji.

Pali zabwino zingapo pamakina amakina a torque (makamaka chifukwa cholumikizira zida):

• Kuchita bwino kwambiri, popeza palibe kutayika kwa mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito njira zomwe zimagwirizana, monga, mwachitsanzo, mu converter torque;
• Mtengo wamakina otengera makina ndi wotsika kwambiri pakati pa ma analogue omwe ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma torque chifukwa cha mapangidwe osavuta;
• Mapangidwe osavuta omwewo amalola opanga kupanga mayunitsi okhala ndi miyeso yaying'ono.

Kutumiza kwa hydromechanical

Zipangizo za unit amenewa zikuphatikizapo:

• Kusintha kwa Hydrodynamic;
• Mawotchi gearbox.

Ubwino wa kufalitsa kotere ndikuti umathandizira kuwongolera kusintha kwamagalimoto chifukwa cha kusintha kosinthika pakati pa magiya. Komanso, bokosili limapereka chinyezi chowonjezera pamanjenje. Izi zimachepetsa kupsinjika kwamagawo amakina pazinthu zambiri.

Zoyipa zama hydromechanical transmission zimaphatikizapo kutsika pang'ono chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito torque converter. Popeza chipangizocho chimagwiritsa ntchito valavu yokhala ndi chosinthira makokedwe, imafunikira mafuta ambiri. Pamafunika zina kuzirala dongosolo. Chifukwa cha izi, bokosilo lawonjezeka komanso kulemera kwambiri poyerekeza ndi makina kapena loboti yomweyo.

Kutumiza kwa hayidiroliki

Chodziwika bwino cha bokosi lotere ndikuti kusuntha kwamagalimoto kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito ma hydraulic unit. Chipangizocho chimatha kukhala ndi chosinthira makokedwe kapena cholumikizira ma hydraulic. Njirayi imagwirizanitsa ma shafts ndi magiya ofunikira.

Ubwino wamagetsi wama hydraulic ndikutenga nawo gawo msanga. Makokedwewo amafalitsidwa mofewa momwe angathere, ndipo kugwedezeka kwamphamvu mubokosi lotere kumachepetsedwa chifukwa chotsitsa mphamvu izi.

Zoyipa za bokosili zikuphatikizapo kufunikira kogwiritsa ntchito kuphatikizira kwamadzimadzi kwamagiya onse. Chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwakukulu ndi kulemera kwake, ma hydraulic transmission amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendera njanji.

Kutumiza kwa Hydrostatic

Bokosi lotere limakhazikitsidwa ndi ma hydraulic axial-plunger. Ubwino wopatsirana ndikukula kwake pang'ono ndi kulemera kwake. Komanso pakupanga uku, kulibe kulumikizana kwamakina pakati pa maulalo, kuti athe kulumikizidwa pamtunda wautali. Chifukwa cha ichi, gearbox ili ndi gawo lalikulu lama gear.

Zoyipa zama hydrostatic transmission ndikuti imafuna mtundu wa madzi ogwirira ntchito. Zimakhudzanso kukakamizidwa kwa mzere wamagalimoto, womwe umasinthira magiya. Chifukwa chapadera pa cheke, imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pakupanga misewu.

Kutumiza kwamagetsi

Kapangidwe ka bokosi yamagetsi imagwiritsa ntchito galimoto imodzi yokha. Jenereta yamagetsi imayikidwamo, komanso chowongolera chomwe chimayang'anira kupangira mphamvu zofunikira pakuyendetsa kwa gearbox.

Pogwiritsa ntchito mota wamagetsi, samatha kuyendetsedwa. Makokedwe amapatsirana mosiyanasiyana, ndipo palibe kulumikizana kolimba pakati pa makina amakanema.

Zoyipa pakufalitsa kotere ndi kukula kwakukulu (jenereta yamphamvu ndi imodzi kapena zingapo zamagetsi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito), komanso nthawi yomweyo kulemera. Tikayerekezera mabokosi amenewa ndi analogue yamakina, ndiye kuti ali ndi mphamvu zochepa.

Mitundu yamagalimoto

Ponena zamagawidwe amtundu wamagalimoto, mayunitsi onsewa agawika m'magulu atatu okha:

• Pambuyo pake;
• Kumbuyo;
• Magudumu anayi.

Kutengera mtundu wamabokosi, mawilo osiyanasiyana azitsogolera (kuchokera pa dzina la kachilomboka zikuwonekeratu komwe makokedwewo amaperekedwa). Ganizirani momwe mitundu itatu iyi yamagalimoto imasiyanirana.

Kutumiza kutsogolo kwa gudumu

Magalimoto oyendetsa kutsogolo amakhala ndi:

• Ziphuphu (ngati umakanika kapena loboti);
• Zida mabokosi;
• Kutumiza kwakukulu;
• Kusiyanitsa;
• Zitsulo zomwe zimayendetsa matayala akutsogolo.

Zinthu zonse zonyamula zoterezi zatsekedwa m'bokosi limodzi lomwe lili mozungulira chipinda chama injini. Mtolo wa bokosi ndi injini nthawi zina zimatchedwa mtundu wokhala ndi mota yoyenda. Izi zikutanthauza kuti galimotoyo ndi yoyendetsa kutsogolo kapena mawilo onse.

Kutumiza koyendetsa kumbuyo

Kutumiza kwa magudumu oyenda kumbuyo kumakhala ndi:

• Ziphuphu (ngati umakanika kapena loboti);
• Zida mabokosi;
• Kutumiza kwakukulu;
• Kusiyanitsa;
• Kutumiza kwa Cardan;
• Zolemba.

Magalimoto ambiri akale anali ndi zotengera zotere. Pankhani yakukhazikitsa kufalikira kwa makokedwe, magudumu oyendetsa kumbuyo-gudumu ndiosavuta kotheka pantchitoyi. Shaft yoyendera yolumikizira cholumikizira chakumbuyo ndi bokosi lamagetsi. Pofuna kuchepetsa kugwedera, zogwiriziza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono pang'ono kuposa zomwe zimayikidwa pagalimoto zoyenda kutsogolo.

Kutumiza kwa magudumu onse

Kutumiza kwamtunduwu kumasiyanitsidwa ndi chida chovuta kwambiri (kuti mumve zambiri za kuyendetsa kwamagudumu onse, ndi momwe kufalitsa kwamphamvu kumakwaniritsidwira, werengani payokha). Cholinga chake ndikuti chipangizocho chimagawira makokedwe onse nthawi imodzi. Pali mitundu itatu yakufalitsira:

• Permanent pagalimoto. M'mawuwa, chipangizocho chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyana siyana, omwe amagawa makokedwe onse awiri, ndipo kutengera mtundu wamagudumu amiyala pamsewu, sinthani mphamvu pakati pawo.
• Kulumikiza kwamanja kwa magudumu anayi. Poterepa, kapangidwe kake kakhala ndi cholembera (kuti mumve zambiri za njirayi, werengani m'nkhani ina). Dalaivala pawokha amasankha nthawi yoyatsa chitsulo chachiwiri. Pokhapokha, galimotoyo imatha kukhala kutsogolo kapena kumbuyo koyendetsa. M'malo mosiyanitsa, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zolumikizana.
• Makinawa onse pagalimoto. Mu zosinthazi, m'malo masiyanidwe pakati anaika zowalamulira zowalamulira kapena analogi mtundu mikangano. Chitsanzo cha momwe clutch yotere imagwiritsidwira ntchito zdinu.

Magalimoto oyendetsera magalimoto

Mosasamala mtundu wamtundu wotengera, makinawa ali ndi zinthu zingapo zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti chipangizocho ndichabwino komanso kuti ndichabwino. Izi ndizigawo zama bokosilo.

Clutch disc

Izi zimapereka cholumikizira cholimba cha injini yamagalimoto ku shaft main shaft. Komabe, ngati ndi kotheka, makinawa amalekanitsanso mota ndi gearbox. Kutumiza kwamakina kumakhala ndi dengu lokulirapo, ndipo loboti ili ndi chida chofananira.

M'masinthidwe amodzimodzi, ntchitoyi imagwiridwa ndi chosinthira makokedwe. Kusiyana kokha ndikuti disk ya clutch imatha kupereka kulumikizana kwamphamvu pakati pa mota ndi makina opatsira, ngakhale injini itazimitsidwa. Izi zimalola kutumizako kuti kugwiritsidwe ntchito ngati njira yobwezeretsanso kuwonjezera pa bowo lofooka. Clutch imakulolani kuti muyambe injini kuchokera ku pusher, yomwe siingatheke mosavuta.

Limagwirira zowalamulira tichipeza zinthu izi:

• Mikangano zimbale;
• Dengu (kapena mulimonse momwe zinthu zonse zimapangidwira);
• Foloko (amasuntha mbale yothinirana pamene dalaivala amasindikiza cholembera);
• Yendetsani kapena shaft yolowera.

Mitundu zowalamulira monga:

• Youma. Pakusintha kotere, mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito imagwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa chake mawonekedwe a ma disc sawalola kuti azidutsa panthawi yopatsira torque;
• Wonyowa. Mtundu wotsika mtengo kwambiri womwe umagwiritsa ntchito mafuta osinthira kuti atalikitse moyo wa makinawo komanso kuti akhale odalirika kwambiri.

zida zazikulu

Ntchito yayikulu yakufalitsa ndikulandila mphamvu zomwe zikuchokera pagalimoto ndikuzisamutsira kuzinthu zolumikizidwa, zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi chitsulo choyendetsa. Zida zazikulu zimachulukitsa KM (makokedwe) ndipo nthawi yomweyo imachepetsa kusinthasintha kwa magudumu oyendetsa galimoto.

Magalimoto oyendetsa kutsogolo amakhala ndi makinawa pafupi ndi magiyala. Mitundu yamagudumu oyenda kumbuyo ili ndi makinawa kumbuyo kwa nyumba yofananira. Chipangizo cha GP chimakhala ndi theka-axle, yoyendetsa ndi yoyendetsa, magiya a theka-axial, komanso ma satellite satellite.

Kusiyana

Imatumiza makokedwe, amasintha ndikugawa njira zopanda ma axial. Maonekedwe ndi magwiridwe antchito amasiyana kutengera kuyendetsa kwa makina:

• Chitsanzo choyendetsa kumbuyo. Masiyanidwe waikidwa mu chitsulo chogwira matayala nyumba;
• Kutsogolo gudumu lachitsanzo. Njirayi imayikidwa mu gearbox;
• Mtundu wamagudumu onse. Kusiyanaku kuli munthawi yosamutsa.

Kamangidwe masiyanidwe ndi gearbox mapulaneti. Pali atatu zosintha zida mapulaneti:

• Ozungulira - amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakusiyanitsa kwapakati;
• Cylindrical - amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pamasiyanidwe apakati pagalimoto yamagudumu onse;
• Nyongolotsi - imawerengedwa kuti ndi njira yosinthira chilengedwe yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito mophatikizika komanso mosiyanasiyana.

Chipangizocho chimaphatikizapo magiya ofananira omwe amakhala m'nyumba. Amalumikizidwa ndi zida za mapulaneti, omwe amakhala ndi zida zama satellite. Werengani zambiri za makinawa ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito. apa.

Kutumiza kwa Cardan

Khadi loyendetsa ndi shaft yopangidwa ndi magawo awiri kapena kupitilira apo, omwe amalumikizidwa ndi makina opangira. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana mgalimoto. Ntchito yayikulu imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magalimoto oyendetsa kumbuyo. Bokosi lamagetsi lamagalimoto ngati amenewa nthawi zambiri limakhala locheperako kuposa bokosi lamagawo oyendetsera kumbuyo. Kuti magiya a gearbox kapena gearbox asakhale ndi katundu wowonjezera, shaft yomwe ili pakati pawo siyiyenera kugawidwa m'magawo, kulumikizana kwake komwe kumathandizira kuti kasinthidwe kamene msonkhano ukapunduka.

Ngati gimbal ili yolakwika, ndiye kuti nthawi yopatsira makokedwe, phokoso lamphamvu limamveka. Woyendetsa akawona zoterezi, ayenera kulabadira kukonza kuti njira zamagalimoto zisalephereke chifukwa cha kugwedezeka kowonjezereka.

Kuti kutumizirako kugwire bwino ntchito komanso kwa nthawi yayitali osakonzedwa, bokosi lililonse liyenera kuthandizidwa. Wopanga amapanga nthawi yake yokonza, yomwe mwiniwake wamagalimoto amadziwitsidwa pazolemba zaukadaulo. Nthawi zambiri, nthawi imeneyi ili m'dera la makilomita 60 zikwi za mileage yamagalimoto. Kukonza kumaphatikizapo kusintha mafuta ndi fyuluta, komanso kukonzanso zolakwika, ngati zilipo, muzitsulo zamagetsi.

Zambiri pazakusamalira bokosilo zafotokozedwa m'nkhani ina.

Bokosi lamagetsi

Ili ndiye gawo lovuta kwambiri pakufalitsa kulikonse, ngakhale lamanja. Chifukwa cha gawoli, kugawa ngakhale mphamvu zokoka kumachitika. Izi zimachitika mwina kudzera nawo mwachindunji dalaivala (pamanja kufala), kapena kudzera ntchito zamagetsi, monga pa nkhani ya kufala basi kapena robotic.

Mosasamala mtundu wa gearbox, gawo ili limakupatsani mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito bwino mphamvu ndi makokedwe a injini m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Bokosi la giya limalola kuti galimotoyo iziyenda mwachangu ndi kusinthasintha kochepa kwa injini (pachifukwa ichi, dalaivala kapena zamagetsi ziyenera kudziwa rpm yoyenera) kapena kuyika injiniyo kuti isakule kwambiri poyendetsa kukwera.

Komanso, chifukwa cha gearbox, mayendedwe a kusintha kwa shaft yoyendetsedwa. Izi ndizofunikira kuyendetsa galimoto mobwerera. Chipangizochi chimakupatsani mwayi wosinthira torque yonse kuchokera pagalimoto kupita pamawilo oyendetsa. Bokosi la gear limakupatsani mwayi kuti muthe kulumikiza injini kuchokera pamawilo oyendetsa. Izi ndizofunikira pamene makina akuyenera kuyimitsidwa, koma injini iyenera kupitiriza kuthamanga. Mwachitsanzo, galimoto iyenera kukhala motere ikayima panjanji.

Pakati pa gearbox pali mitundu iyi:

• Zimango. Uwu ndiwo mtundu wosavuta wa bokosi momwe kugawa kwa traction kumayendetsedwa mwachindunji ndi dalaivala. Mitundu ina yonse yamabokosi imatha kugawidwa momasuka ngati mitundu yodziwikiratu.
• Zadzidzidzi. Pamtima pa bokosi loterolo ndi chosinthira ma torque, ndipo kusintha kwa magawo a zida kumachitika zokha.
• Maloboti. Izi ndi analogue basi wa kufala Buku. Mbali ya bokosi la robotic ndi kukhalapo kwa clutch iwiri, yomwe imapereka kusuntha kwachangu kwambiri.
• Kuyendetsa liwiro losinthika. Ichinso ndi chodziwikiratu kufala. Mphamvu zokoka zokha zimagawidwa posintha kukula kwa lamba kapena unyolo woyendetsa.

Chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa gearbox, mungagwiritse ntchito liwiro la injini yam'mbuyo, koma kusintha liwiro la mawilo. Izi, mwachitsanzo, zimakhala zothandiza pamene galimoto ikugonjetsa msewu.

Mlatho waukulu

Pansi pa mlatho wotumizira amatanthauza gawo lothandizira, lomwe limamangiriridwa ku chimango cha galimoto, ndipo mkati mwake muli njira yotumizira makokedwe ku mawilo. M'magalimoto onyamula anthu, ma axles amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamayendedwe akumbuyo kapena ma wheel drive onse. Kuti torque ibwere kuchokera ku gearbox kupita ku axle, zida za cardan zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Makhalidwe a chinthu ichi akufotokozedwa m'nkhani ina.

Galimoto imatha kukhala ndi ma axles oyendetsa ndi kuyendetsa. Bokosi la giya limayikidwa mu axle yoyendetsa, yomwe imatembenuza kuzungulira kwa tsinde (kulozera pagalimoto yamagalimoto) kukhala kuzungulira kwautali (kuwongolera thupi) kwa mawilo oyendetsa. Zonyamula katundu zitha kukhala ndi ma axle opitilira imodzi.

Chotsani mlandu

Mlanduwu umangogwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina oyendetsa magudumu onse (makokedwe amaperekedwa ku mawilo onse). M'menemo, komanso mu gearbox yaikulu, pali magiya omwe amakulolani kuti musinthe magiya (demultiplier) kuti muwonjezere ma torque. Izi ndizofunikira pamagalimoto amtundu uliwonse kapena mathirakitala olemetsa.

Kugwirizana kwanthawi zonse

Kupatsirana kumeneku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magalimoto omwe mawilo akutsogolo akutsogolera. Mgwirizanowu umalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi mawilo oyendetsa ndipo ndiye ulalo womaliza pakupatsirana.

Kukhalapo kwa makinawa ndi chifukwa chakuti potembenuza mawilo akutsogolo, ayenera kulandira kuchuluka kwa torque. Njirayi imagwira ntchito pa mfundo ya kufala kwa cardan. M'galimoto, zolumikizira ziwiri za CV zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa gudumu limodzi - mkati ndi kunja. Amapereka ulalo wokhazikika wa kusiyanasiyana.

Momwe ntchito

Kutumiza kwagalimoto kumagwira ntchito motere:

1. Injini imayamba chifukwa cha ntchito yogwirizana ya poyatsira ndi makina operekera mafuta.
2. M'kati mwa kuyaka kwina kwa kusakaniza kwamafuta a mpweya mu masilindala a injini, crankshaft imazungulira.
3. Torque imatumizidwa kuchokera ku crankshaft kudzera pa flywheel, komwe dengu la clutch limalumikizidwa, kupita ku shaft yoyendetsa.
4. Kutengera mtundu wa gearbox, makokedwe amagawidwa kudzera m'magiya olumikizidwa kapena lamba / unyolo (mwachitsanzo, mu CVT) ndikupita ku mawilo oyendetsa.
5. Pakutumiza kwamanja, dalaivala payekha amasiya kulumikizana pakati pa flywheel ndi shaft yolowetsa gearbox. Kuti muchite izi, dinani pa clutch pedal. Mu zotengera zodziwikiratu, izi zimachitika zokha.
6. Mu gearbox yamtundu wamakina, kusintha kwa magiya amaperekedwa ndikulumikiza magiya okhala ndi mano osiyanasiyana komanso ma diameter osiyanasiyana. Pamene giya yapadera yasankhidwa, magiya amodzi okha amalumikizidwa wina ndi mnzake.
7. Pamene torque ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kusiyanitsa, kukoka kumaperekedwa ku magudumu kumadera osiyanasiyana. Njira imeneyi ndi yofunika chifukwa galimoto si nthawi zonse kuyenda molunjika mbali ya msewu. Pakutembenuka, gudumu limodzi limazungulira mwachangu kuposa linzake pamene likuyenda mokulirapo. Kuti mphira pa mawilo asamangidwe msanga, kusiyana kumayikidwa pakati pa ma axle shafts. Ngati galimotoyo ili ndi magudumu onse, ndiye kuti padzakhala kusiyana kotereku ziwiri, ndipo mumitundu ina imayikidwanso kusiyana kwapakati (pakati).
8. Torque m'galimoto yoyendetsa kumbuyo imatumizidwa ku mawilo kuchokera ku gearbox kudzera pa cardan shaft.
9. Ngati galimotoyo ili ndi magudumu onse, chotengera chotengera chidzayikidwa mumtundu woterewu, mothandizidwa ndi mawilo onse.
10. Zitsanzo zina zimagwiritsa ntchito makina okhala ndi plug-in all-wheel drive. Izi zitha kukhala dongosolo lomwe lili ndi kusiyana kotsekera pakati kapena mikangano yamitundu yambiri kapena viscous clutch imatha kukhazikitsidwa pakati pa ma axles. Mawilo akulu akayamba kutsetsereka, njira ya interaxle imatsekeka, ndipo torque imayamba kuyenda mpaka mawilo achiwiri.

Zolephera kufala kwambiri

Mavuto ofala kwambiri ndi awa:

• Zovuta kusintha liwiro limodzi kapena angapo. Poterepa, ndikofunikira kukonza zowalamulira, kusintha chingwe kapena kusintha rocker.
• Phokoso limawonekera pakufalikira mukasunthira kumalo osalowerera ndale. Phokosoli likasowa mukasindikiza choyika, ndiye kuti ichi chitha kukhala chizindikiro cha kulephera kutulutsa, kuvala ma shaft shaft, ndi mafuta osankhidwa molakwika kapena voliyumu yokwanira.
• Zovala zowonera.
• Mafuta kutayikira.
• Kuphulika kwa shaft.
• Kulephera kwa masiyanidwe kapena zida zazikulu.
• Kutha kwamalumikizidwe a CV.
• Zoyipa pamagetsi (ngati makina amayendetsedwa bwino kapena pang'ono pang'ono ndi magetsi). Poterepa, chizindikiritso cha injini chiziwala pa dashboard.
• Pakusuntha kwa zida, kumveka kwamphamvu, kugogoda kapena kugaya kumveka kumamveka. Chifukwa cha izi chitha kudziwika ndi katswiri woyenera.
• Kuthamanga kuzimitsidwa mokhazikika (kumagwiranso ntchito pama transmissions manual).
• Kulephera kwathunthu kwa chipangizocho kuti chigwire ntchito. Chifukwa chenicheni chiyenera kutsimikiziridwa pamsonkhanowu.
• Kutentha kwamphamvu kwa bokosi.

Kudalira kufalitsa kwa mtundu wa drive

Chifukwa chake, monga tidazindikira, kutengera mtundu wamagalimoto, kutumizako kudzakhala kosiyanasiyana. Pofotokozera zaukadaulo kwamitundu yamagalimoto osiyanasiyana, lingaliro la "fomula yamagudumu" limatchulidwa kawirikawiri. Itha kukhala AWD, 4x4, 2WD. Permanent drive yamagudumu anayi amasankhidwa 4x4.

Ngati kufalitsaku kukugawira makokedwe pagudumu lililonse kutengera kuchuluka kwa katunduyo, ndiye kuti fomuyi idzatchedwa AWD. Pogwiritsa ntchito gudumu lakumbuyo kapena kumbuyo, magudumuwa amatha kutchedwa 4x2 kapena 2WD.

Kapangidwe ka kachilomboka, kutengera mtundu wa drive, kudzasiyana pakakhala zinthu zina zomwe ziziwonetsetsa kuti makokedwe akutumizirana nthawi zonse kapena kulumikizana kwakanthawi kwachitsulo chachiwiri.

Kanema: Kutumiza kwagalimoto. Kukonzekera kwapang'onopang'ono, mfundo yoyendetsera ntchito ndi mawonekedwe otumizira mu 3D

Chipangizocho, mfundo yogwirira ntchito komanso kapangidwe kake kamayendedwe kagalimoto akufotokozedwanso mu makanema ojambula a 3D awa:

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Kodi cholinga chopatsira ndi chiyani? Ntchito yotumiza makina ndikutumiza makokedwe ochokera pagawo lamagetsi kupita pama gudumu oyendetsa galimotoyo. Chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa magiya omwe ali ndi mano osiyana mu bokosilo (pama gearbox oyenda basi, ntchitoyi imagwiridwa ndi unyolo, lamba woyendetsa kapena chosinthira makokedwe), kufalitsa kumatha kusintha njira yoyenda kwa shafts ndikugawa ili pakati pa mawilo m'galimoto zoyendetsa zonse.

Kodi kufalitsa kumagwira ntchito bwanji? Powertrain ikamayendetsa, imapereka mphamvu kubasiketi yolumikizira. Kuphatikiza apo, mphamvuyi imadyetsedwa pagalimoto yamagiya. kulumikiza zida lolingana kwa izo, dalaivala Finyani zowalamulira kuti achotse kufala kwa injini. Pambuyo pa clutch itatulutsidwa, makokedwe amayamba kuyenda mpaka pagalimoto yomwe yolumikizidwa ndi shaft yoyendetsa. Komanso, khama limapita kumayendedwe oyendetsa. Ngati galimoto ikuyendetsa gudumu lonse, ndiye kuti padzakhala chowongolera pamagetsi chomwe chimalumikiza chitsulo chachiwiri. Makonzedwe opatsirana amasiyana kutengera mtundu wamagalimoto.