Fyuluta yamafuta ndi chiyani ndipo ili kuti?

Udindo waukulu wa fyuluta yamafuta ndikuchotsa zoipitsa zosiyanasiyana zomwe zikupezeka m'chilengedwe, ndikupangitsa kuti chikhale chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pamafuta amafuta. Amapereka chitetezo chapamwamba cha jakisoni ndi injini kuchokera kuzinthu zazing'ono zomwe zimapezeka mu mafuta kapena mafuta a dizilo.

Chowonadi ndi chakuti pali tinthu tating'onoting'ono tosawerengeka mumlengalenga omwe ali adani a injini, ndipo fyuluta yamafuta imakhala ngati chotchinga kwa iwo. Akalowa mu injini, amatha kusokoneza magwiridwe antchito oyenera ndipo angayambitse mavuto akulu monga chotengera chamiyala chosweka, ma jets otsekedwa kapena majakisoni, ndi zina zambiri. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndikofunikira nthawi zonse kuwunika momwe fyuluta yamafuta ilili ndikusintha munthawi yake. Mtundu wa fyuluta umatengera mtundu wa mafuta omwe timagwiritsa ntchito komanso mtundu wa injini yathu.

Chosefera mafuta chimatchera tinthu monga mchenga, dzimbiri, dothi lomwe limalowa m'matangi achitsulo posungira kapena kunyamula mafuta. Pali mitundu iwiri ya zosefera mafuta: zopanda pake komanso zabwino.

Zosefera zamafuta zotsukira coarse

Zosefera zamtunduwu zimachotsa tinthu tating'ono pamafuta okhala ndi miyeso yayikulu kuposa 0,05 - 0,07 mm. Ali ndi zinthu zosefera, zomwe zitha kukhala tepi, mauna, mbale kapena mtundu wina.

Pali zosefera ndi sump zoyeretsera coarse. Amaperekedwa ndi mafuta kudzera pachitsulo cholowera, chotchedwanso injector, chomwe chimakulungidwa mu dzenje. Mafuta amayenda kudzera mumabokosi pamwamba pa choponderacho.

Kenako imapita kwa wogawa ndipo kuchokera pamenepo imadutsa pakati pa chosonyeza mpaka pansi pa nyumba zosefera. Dothi louma ndi madzi amadzipezera pansi pa beseni.

Mafuta amayenda pamphuno ndi doko kupita pampu wamafuta. The fyuluta mphamvu ali precipitator welded kwa izo. Udindo wake ndikuchepetsa kusunthika kwamphamvu kwa mafuta m'kapu (kotero kuti zinyalala zimakulirakulira mu sump). Mukamayendetsa galimoto, matope amadzaza ndi pulagi.

Zosefera zamafuta zotsukira bwino

Mu fyuluta yamtunduwu, mafuta kapena mafuta a dizilo amadutsamo asanalowetse mpope wamafuta. Chosefacho chimachotsa zosafunika zonse zazikulu kuposa ma microns a 3-5. Zinthu zosefera izi nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa ndi mapepala apadera angapo, koma amathanso kupangidwa ndi ubweya wa mchere wophatikizidwa ndi binder, kumva kapena zinthu zina.

Chosefacho chimakhala ndi nyumba imodzi komanso zinthu ziwiri zosefera zomwe zimatha kusinthidwa, komanso zotengera ziwiri, zomwe ma bolt awiri adalumikizidwa. Udindo wawo ndikuteteza thupi ndi mtedza. Mapulagi okhetsa amamangiriridwa pansi pa mabatani awa.

Chosefera chabwino cha fyuluta yamafuta chimakhala ndi fyuluta yamapepala. Chosanjikiza chawo chakunja chimapangidwa ndi makatoni opindika ndipo amakhala ndi zisindikizo kutsogolo. Amakanikizidwa motsutsana ndi nyumba zosefera kudzera akasupe.

Kuphatikiza apo, fyuluta yamafuta imagwira tinthu tating'onoting'ono monga zinthu zakuthupi, sludge ndi madzi, zomwe zimapanga makoma amafuta amafuta, komanso parafini, yomwe imapangidwanso ngati mafuta.

Zinthu izi zimalowa mu mafuta mutatha kuthira mafuta, kapena zimapangidwa ndimomwe zimapangidwira mafuta. Magalimoto a dizilo ali ndi kusefera kolondola kwambiri kwamafuta. Komabe, ichi si chifukwa choganiza kuti injini ya dizilo sifunikira m'malo mwa fyuluta yake munthawi yake.

Fyuluta yamafuta ili kuti ndipo imagwira ntchito bwanji?

Fyuluta yamafuta pamitundu yambiri yamagalimoto imakhala pamizere yamafuta pakati pa ma injectors ndi pampu yamafuta. M'makina ena, zosefera ziwiri zimayikidwa: kuyeretsa koyipa pamaso pa mpope (ngati mulibe mu tanki yamafuta), komanso kuyeretsa bwino - pambuyo pake.

Nthawi zambiri imapezeka pamalo okwera kwambiri pagalimoto. Chifukwa chake, mpweya womwe umabwera kuchokera kunja umasonkhanitsidwa ndikubwezeretsedwera limodzi ndi gawo lina la mafuta kudzera mu valavu ya injector.

Amapangidwa ndi pepala lapadera muchidebe chachitsulo chomwe chili m'galimoto yamagalimoto. Kuti mudziwe komwe kuli fyuluta yanu, onani buku lanu lamagalimoto.

Maonekedwe a fyuluta yamalo ndi malo ake zimadalira mtundu wamagalimoto anu. Nthawi zambiri zosefera mafuta pagalimoto zimawoneka ngati chitsulo chakuda.

Vesi yodzaza masika imatseguka kutengera kupsinjika koperekedwa ndi wopanga. Valavuyi imayang'aniridwa ndikusintha makulidwe am'madzi omwe ali munjira. Udindo wa pulagi ndikuchotsa mpweya m'dongosolo.

Mavuto amtundu wamafuta amafuta

Kulephera kutengera fyuluta yamafuta munthawi yake kudzavutitsa ntchito ya injini. Wopatulira akapita patapita nthawi, mafuta yaiwisi amalowa mu injini, zomwe zimawononga kuyaka bwino chifukwa chake ntchito yonse ya injini. Izi zimapangitsa kuti anthu azigwiritsa ntchito dizilo, mafuta, methane, propane-butane. Chifukwa chake, pakusintha mafuta, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti musinthe fyuluta yamagalimoto.

Khalidwe la injini limadalira momwe sefa yamafuta ilili yoyera komanso momwe timasinthira kangati. Fyuluta yamafuta ikadzaza ndi zinyalala, amachepetsa kugwira ntchito bwino kwa injini. Silandira kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe makina ake amapangidwira, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimabweretsa mavuto poyambira. Kusintha kosasintha kwa fyuluta yamafuta kumawonjezeranso mafuta.

Imodzi mwa ntchito zofunika kwambiri pa fyuluta yamafuta ndikulekanitsa madzi. Izi ndichifukwa choti ngati mafuta ali ndi madzi, izi zimachepetsa injini ndikufupikitsa moyo wake. Madzi amatha kuwola m'mitsuko yazitsulo, amalepheretsa mafuta kuti asamafewetse bwino, amawononga ma nozzles a injector, ndipo zimadzetsa kuyatsa kwamafuta kosakwanira.

Kuphatikiza apo, madzi amapangitsa zofunikira pakukula kwa mabakiteriya. Kupatukana kwamadzi kumakwaniritsidwa ndi zosefera zamafuta opatula. Monga momwe dzina lawo likusonyezera, amasiyanitsa madzi ndi mafuta.

Fyuluta yamtunduwu imakhala ndi nyumba, yotchedwanso posungira, momwe madzi amasiyana ndi mafuta amasonkhanitsidwa pansi. Mutha kuzichotsa nokha. Madzi omwe ali muzosefera mafuta amalekanitsidwa m'njira ziwiri.

Kuyeretsa kwamphepo

Mmenemo, madzi ambiri amachotsedwa mu mafuta motsogozedwa ndi magulu a centrifugal.

Kukonza ndi zinthu zosefera

Chifukwa cha ichi, madzi osakanikirana ndi mafuta amasungidwa ndi fyuluta yapadera. Madzi osefera amadzikundikira pamwamba pa fyuluta ndikutulukira mosungira. Dziwe limeneli likadzaza, kuwonjezera pa madzi, mafuta othinikizidwa amayamba kuyenda mkati mwake.

Mafutawa akayamba kudutsa mu fyuluta ndikulowa mu injini, kupanikizika kowonjezereka kumapangidwa. Izi zimachitika mosasamala kanthu momwe fyuluta yopatulira mafuta idapangidwira.

Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti mu zosefera za dizilo, madzi amasonkhana pansi. Mukachotsa fyuluta yamafuta, ndikofunikira kuwona ngati kuli valavu yotsitsa. Izi zitithandiza kukhetsa madzi omwe tapeza. Komabe, ngati pali madzi ochepa pansi, izi sizoyenera kuda nkhawa.

M'nyengo yozizira

Ndikofunika kukhala ndi chowotcherera chopangira mafuta m'nyengo yozizira chifukwa makhiristo oundana kapena parafini amatha kulowa mmenemo nthawi yozizira isanakwane. Parafini, amathanso kuphimba zosefera, ndikupangitsa kuti zisagwiritsidwe ntchito. Fyuluta yamafuta imatha kutenthedwa m'njira zingapo.

Kutentha kwamagetsi

Chowotchera chomwe chimagwira ntchito pamagetsi otentha chimayikidwa pazinyumba. Icho chimatsegula ndi kuzimitsa zokha ngati chiri ndi imodzi yamagetsi.

Bweretsani makina otenthetsera

Kutenthetsa kwamtunduwu kumapangidwa kuti kugwiritsidwe ntchito nyengo yovuta. M'makina ena amafuta amafuta, mafuta osagwiritsidwa ntchito amabwezedwa mu thankiyo. Mzerewu umatchedwanso "kubwerera".

Chifukwa chake, fyuluta yamafuta imapereka kutsuka kwapamwamba kwambiri kwa mafuta kapena mafuta a dizilo. Izi zimathandizira kuti magalimoto azigwira ntchito bwino, chifukwa chake kulimbikitsidwa kwakanthawi kwa chinthuchi ndikofunika.

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Kodi fyuluta yamafuta iyenera kukwanira bwanji? Mitundu yambiri yosefera mafuta imawonetsa komwe mafuta amayenera kupita. Ngati fyulutayo itayikidwa molakwika, mafuta sangayende.

Kodi fyuluta yamafuta ili kuti? Chosefera chowoneka bwino chimayikidwa nthawi zonse mu thanki yamafuta kutsogolo kwa mpope wa submersible. Pamsewu waukulu, ili m'chipinda cha injini.

Kodi fyuluta yamafuta imawoneka bwanji? Kutengera ndi mtundu wamafuta (petulo kapena dizilo), fyuluta imatha kukhala ndi cholekanitsa (sump yamadzi) kapena popanda izo. Zosefera nthawi zambiri zimakhala zozungulira ndipo zimatha kuwonekera.