Kodi Motronic System ndi chiyani?

Kuti injini igwire ntchito mosiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana komanso pamafunika zinthu zingapo, pamafunika kuti mugawire moyenera mafuta, mpweya, komanso kusintha nthawi yoyatsira. Kulondola kumeneku sikungatheke mu injini zakale zopukutidwa. Pakakhala kusintha kwa poyatsira, njira yovuta yosinthira camshaft idzafunika (dongosololi lafotokozedwa kale).

Pakubwera makina oyang'anira zamagetsi, zidatheka kuyendetsa bwino ntchito yoyaka mkati. Imodzi mwa machitidwewa idapangidwa ndi Bosch mu 1979. Dzina lake ndi Motronic. Tiyeni tione kuti ndi chiyani, ndi mfundo iti yomwe imagwira ntchito, komanso zabwino ndi zoyipa zake.

Mapangidwe amtundu wa Motronic

 Motronic ndi kusinthidwa kwa makina opangira mafuta, omwe amathanso kuyang'anira nthawi yomweyo magawikidwe oyatsira. Ndi gawo lamafuta ndipo ali ndi magulu atatu azinthu:

• Masensa ndi machitidwe a ICE okhudza magwiridwe ake;
• Pakompyuta Mtsogoleri;
• Njira zoyang'anira.

Masensa amalemba momwe magalimoto amayendera ndi mayunitsi omwe akukhudza momwe amagwirira ntchito. Gululi limaphatikizapo masensa otsatirawa:

• Zamgululi
• Kuphulika;
• Mowa mpweya;
• Kutentha kozizira;
• Kafukufuku wa Lambda;
• Zamgululi
• Madyedwe zobwezedwa mpweya kutentha;
• Malo opumira.

ECU imalemba zikwangwani kuchokera pa sensa iliyonse. Kutengera ndi izi, imapatsa malamulo oyenera kuzomwe zikuyendetsa kuti akwaniritse ntchito zamagalimoto. ECU yowonjezera imagwira ntchito zotsatirazi:

• Amazilamulira mlingo mafuta kutengera kuchuluka kwa mpweya ukubwera;
• Amapereka chizindikiritso cha kupangidwa kwamphamvu;
• Amayendetsa mphamvu;
• Kusintha magawo ogwirira ntchito yamagalimoto;
• Imawongolera kawopsedwe ka utsi.

Gulu la njira zowongolera limaphatikizapo zinthu zotsatirazi:

• Ma jakisoni wamafuta;
• Poyatsira coils;
• Mafuta mpope magetsi pagalimoto;
• Mavavu a dongosolo la utsi ndi nthawi.

Mitundu yamagetsi

Lero pali mitundu ingapo yamagetsi. Aliyense wa iwo ali ndi dzina lake:

1. Nyani;
2. NDI;
3. TO;
4. M;
5. INE.

Mitundu iliyonse imagwira ntchito payokha. Nazi kusiyana kwakukulu.

Zojambula

Kusinthaku kumagwira ntchito pa jekeseni imodzi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mafuta amaperekedwa mofananamo ndi injini ya carburetor - muzowonjezera zambiri (komwe zimasakanikirana ndi mpweya), ndipo kuchokera pamenepo zimayamwa mu silinda yomwe mukufuna. Mosiyana ndi mtundu wa carburetor, mono system imapereka mafuta pamavuto.

Mtengo wa MED-Motronic

Ichi ndi mtundu wa jekeseni wachindunji. Poterepa, gawo lamafuta limadyetsedwa molunjika mu silinda yogwira ntchito. Kusinthaku kudzakhala ndi ma jakisoni angapo (kutengera kuchuluka kwa zonenepa). Amaikidwa pamutu wamphamvu pafupi ndi mapulagi.

KE-Zoyenda

M'dongosolo lino, ma jakisoni amaikidwa pazakudya zochulukirapo pafupi ndi silinda iliyonse. Poterepa, mafuta osakanikirana samapanga silinda yokha (monga MED version), koma kutsogolo kwa valavu yolowera.

M-Zoyenda

Uwu ndi mtundu wabwino wa jakisoni wa multipoint. Peculiarity ake lagona pa kuti Mtsogoleri kusankha injini liwiro, ndi kachipangizo mpweya buku analemba galimoto ndi kutumiza mbendera ECU. Zizindikirozi zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe amafunikira pakadali pano. Chifukwa cha dongosolo lotere, kutsika kocheperako kumatsimikiziridwa ndi mphamvu yayikulu ya injini yoyaka yamkati.

INE-Zoyenda

Mtundu waposachedwa wa makinawa ali ndi valavu yamagetsi yamagetsi. M'malo mwake, iyi ndi M-Motronic yomweyi, yomwe imayang'aniridwa ndi zamagetsi zokha. Kuyendetsa gasi m'galimoto zotere kulumikizana ndi kupindika. Izi zimalola momwe gawo lililonse limayendera kuti lifanane bwino.

Momwe makina a Motronic amagwirira ntchito

Kusintha kulikonse kuli ndi mfundo zake zogwirira ntchito. Kwenikweni, dongosololi limagwira motere.

Kukumbukira kwa owongolera kumakonzedwa ndi magawo ofunikira kuti injini inayake igwire bwino ntchito. Masensa amalemba pomwe pali liwiro la crankshaft, pomwe pamakhala mpweya wocheperako komanso kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe ukubwera. Kutengera izi, kuchuluka kwamafuta kumatsimikizika. Mafuta otsala omwe sanagwiritsidwe ntchito amabwezeredwa kudzera mu mzere wobwerera ku thankiyo.

Njira zotsatirazi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'galimoto:

• DME M1.1-1.3. zosinthazi sizimangophatikiza kugawa kwa jakisoni, komanso kusintha kwa nthawi yoyatsira. Kutengera kuthamanga kwa injini, poyatsira amatha kuyika ma valve pang'ono mochedwa kapena koyambirira. Mafutawa amalamulidwa kutengera kuchuluka ndi kutentha kwa mpweya womwe ukubwera, liwiro la crankshaft, kuchuluka kwa injini, kutentha kozizira. Ngati galimoto ili ndi zotengera zodziwikiratu, kuchuluka kwa mafuta kumasinthidwa kutengera kuthamanga komwe kukuphatikizidwa.
• DME M1.7 Machitidwewa amakhala ndi mafuta osakanizidwa. Meter ya mpweya ili pafupi ndi fyuluta yam'mlengalenga (damper yomwe imadodometsa kutengera kuchuluka kwa mpweya), pamaziko omwe nthawi ya jekeseni ndi mafuta zimatsimikizika.
• DME M3.1. ndikusintha kwamtundu woyamba wamachitidwe. Kusiyanitsa ndiko kupezeka kwa mita yolowera (osati voliyumu) ​​ya mpweya. Izi zimalola kuti mota zizolowere kutentha kozungulira komanso mpweya wosasunthika (kukwezeka kwamadzi, kutsitsa mpweya). Zosintha zoterezi zimayikidwa pagalimoto zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kumapiri. Malinga ndi kusintha kwa kuzirala kwa koilo yamoto (kutentha kwamasinthidwe amasinthidwe), motronic imapangitsanso kuchuluka kwa mpweya, ndipo kutentha kwake kumatsimikiziridwa ndi sensa yoyikidwa pafupi ndi valavu ya fulumizitsa.

Pazochitika zilizonse, onetsetsani kuti gawolo likugwirizana ndi mtundu woyang'anira mukakonza. Kupanda kutero, dongosololi lidzagwira ntchito mopanda phindu kapena kulephera palimodzi.

Popeza kupezeka kwa masensa oyang'aniridwa bwino kumatha kubweretsa zovuta (sensa imatha kulephera nthawi iliyonse), makina oyang'anira makina amakonzedweranso pamalingaliro apakatikati. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mita yamagetsi ikulephera, ECU imasunthira pamalo opumira ndi ziwonetsero za liwiro la crankshaft.

Zambiri mwa zosinthazi sizimawonetsedwa pa dashboard ngati cholakwika. Pachifukwa ichi, ndikofunikira kuti muzindikire zamagetsi zamagalimoto kwathunthu. Izi zidzakuthandizani kuti mupeze zovuta mu nthawi ndikuzichotsa.

Malangizo pamavuto

Kusintha kulikonse kwa dongosolo la Motronic kuli ndi mawonekedwe ake, ndipo nthawi yomweyo njira zake zothetsera mavuto. Tiyeni tiganizirenso motsatana.

KE-Zoyenda

Dongosolo ili limayikidwa pamtundu wa Audi 80. Kuti muwonetse nambala yolephera pakompyuta, muyenera kutenga kulumikizana komwe kuli pafupi ndi lever la gearshi ndikulifupikitsa. Zotsatira zake, nambala yolakwika idzawonekera bwino.

Zovuta zina monga:

• Injini siyimayambira bwino;
• Chifukwa chakuti MTC yalemeretsa kwambiri, galimotoyo inayamba kugwira ntchito kwambiri;
• Nthawi zina, injini imakhazikika.

Zovutazi zimatha kuphatikizidwa ndi kuti mbale yamagetsi yamagetsi imamatira. Chifukwa chodziwika cha izi ndikukhazikitsa kolakwika kwa fyuluta yam'mlengalenga (gawo lake lakumunsi limamatira pa mbale, ndipo sililola kuti lizisuntha momasuka).

Kuti mufike ku gawo ili, m'pofunika kuchotsa mipira ya mphira yomwe imadutsa pamenepo ndikulumikiza pazambiri. Pambuyo pake, muyenera kudziwa zifukwa zolepheretsa gudumu laulere la mbale (nthawi zina limayikidwa molakwika, ndipo silikhoza kutsegula / kutseka, kusintha kayendedwe ka mpweya), ndikuwachotsa. Ndikofunikanso kuwunika ngati gawoli ndi lopunduka, chifukwa izi zimatha kuchitika chifukwa chokhwima, komwe kumakulitsa kuthamanga kwakumbuyo m'thupi. Izi ziyenera kukhala ndi mawonekedwe oyenera bwino.

Ngati mbaleyo yapunduka, imachotsedwa (izi zimafunikira kuyesetsa kwambiri, popeza zomangira zimakhazikika ndi guluu wapadera kuti pini isapotoze). Pambuyo pokonza, mbaleyo idakulitsidwa. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito nyundo ndi matabwa kuti musataye mankhwala. Ngati ma burr apanga kapena m'mphepete mwawonongeka, amakonzedwa ndi fayilo, koma kuti ma burr asapangidwe. Ali panjira, muyenera kuyendera ndi kuyeretsa pakhosi, valavu yopanda pake.

Kenako, imawunikidwa ngati wofalitsa poyatsira ndiwoyela. Ikhoza kusonkhanitsa fumbi ndi dothi, zomwe zimasokoneza kugawa kwa nthawi yoyatsira mu silinda yofananira. Kawirikawiri, komabe pali kuwonongeka kwa mawaya othamanga kwambiri. Ngati vutoli lilipo, ayenera kusinthidwa.

Chinthu chotsatira chomwe chiziwunikidwa ndikulumikizana kwa mzere wolowera mpweya ndi mutu wa dosing mu jakisoni. Ngati ngakhale kutayika pang'ono kwa mpweya kumachitika mu gawo ili, dongosololi lidzalephera.

Komanso, mu injini zokhala ndi makinawa, mawilo osakhazikika nthawi zambiri amawoneka. Choyambirira, makandulo, mawaya othamanga kwambiri, komanso ukhondo wa chivundikirocho chimafufuzidwa. Ndiye muyenera kulabadira magwiridwe a jakisoni. Chowonadi ndi chakuti zida izi zimagwiritsa ntchito kuthamanga kwamafuta, osati kutengera valavu yamagetsi yamagetsi. Kuyeretsa kwamiyeso iyi sikungathandize, chifukwa izi zimafunikira zida zapadera. Njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri ndikusinthira zinthu zatsopano.

Kulephera kwina komwe kumakhudza ulesi ndikudetsa mafuta. Izi ziyenera kupewedwa nthawi zonse, chifukwa ngakhale kuipitsidwa kwakanthawi kungasokoneze magwiridwe antchito a mita yamafuta. Kuti muonetsetse kuti mulibe dothi pamzere, ndikofunikira kuchotsa chitoliro chomwe chikubwera kuchokera panjanji yamafuta ndikuwona ngati mulibe madontho kapena tinthu tina kunja. Ukhondo wa mzerewo ukhoza kuweruzidwa malinga ndi fyuluta yamafuta. Mukakonza m'malo mwake, mutha kudula ndikuwona momwe zosefera zilili. Ngati pali dothi lambiri mmenemo, ndiye kuti pali kuthekera kwakukulu kuti tinthu tina tating'onoting'ono timalowabe mu mafutawo. Ngati atapezeka ndi kuipitsidwa, mafuta amafuta.

Nthawi zambiri pali mavuto ndi injini ozizira kapena otentha kuyambira dongosolo lino. Chifukwa chachikulu cha kusokonekera koteroko ndi gulu la zovuta:

• Kuchepetsa mphamvu ya mpope wamafuta chifukwa chovala mbali zake;
• Obaya kapena opinira jakisoni wamafuta;
• Valavu yowonongeka yolakwika.

Ngati mavavu sakugwira ntchito bwino, ndiye kuti ngati njira, chinthu chomwe chimayambitsa kuzizira chitha kulumikizidwa ndi kuyambitsa kwa sitata. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kulumikiza kuphatikiza kwa sitatayo mpaka kumapeto kwa valavu, ndikuchepetsa kuchepa kwa thupi. Chifukwa cha kulumikizana uku, chipangizocho chimatsegulidwa nthawi zonse sitata ikatsegulidwa podutsa gawo loyang'anira. Koma pamenepa pali chiopsezo cha kusefukira kwamafuta. Pachifukwa ichi, simuyenera kukanikiza pamafuta olimba, koma tembenuzani choyambira kwa nthawi yayifupi kwambiri.

M1.7 Zoyenda

Mitundu ina ya BMW, monga 518L ndi 318i, ili ndi mafutawa. Popeza kusinthidwa kwa mafutawa ndikodalirika kwambiri, kulephera kwa magwiridwe ake ntchito kumayenderana makamaka ndi kulephera kwa zinthu zamakina, osati ndizovuta zamagetsi.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka ndizodzaza ndi zinthu, komanso zida zomwe zimayaka kutentha kapena madzi. Zolakwitsa m'gawo loyang'anira zimawonekera pazifukwa izi. Izi zipangitsa kuti injini iziyenda mosakhazikika.

Pali zolephera pafupipafupi pakugwiritsa ntchito mota, kugwedera kwake ndi kusokoneza kwake, mosasamala kanthu momwe magwiridwe antchito agwirira ntchito. Izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kuipitsidwa kwa kapu yoyatsira ofalitsa. Imakutidwa ndi zokutira zingapo zapulasitiki, pomwe fumbi losakanikirana ndi mafuta limatha kupitilira nthawi. Pachifukwa ichi, pali kuwonongeka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi mpaka pano, ndipo, chifukwa chake, kusokonekera pakupezeka kwa mphamvu. Ngati vutoli lachitika, ndikofunikira kuchotsa chivundikiro cha omwe amagawa, ndikulitsuka ndi kutsitsa. Monga lamulo, ma casingswo safunika kusintha. Ndikokwanira kuti azikhala oyera.

Mawaya amagetsi othamanga okha mgalimoto zotere zimatsekedwa munjira zapadera zomwe zimateteza mphamvu yamagetsi kuchokera ku dothi, chinyezi komanso kutentha. Chifukwa chake, mavuto ndi mawaya nthawi zambiri amakhudzana ndikukhazikitsidwa kolakwika kwa maupangiri amakandulo. Ngati wogwira ntchito akuwononga nsonga kapena malo okonzera mawaya pachikuto chogawa, ndiye kuti poyatsira magwiridwe antchito azigwirabe ntchito pang'onopang'ono kapena kusiya kugwira ntchito palimodzi.

Jekeseni wamagetsi (opangira mafuta) ndi chifukwa china chogwirira ntchito kosakhazikika kwa injini yoyaka yamkati (kugwedera). Malinga ndi zomwe oyendetsa magalimoto ambiri adakumana nazo, mayunitsi amagetsi a BMW amadziwika chifukwa chovala pang'onopang'ono ma injini yamafuta kumabweretsa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa BTC. Kawirikawiri vutoli limakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito kutsuka kwapadera kwa ma nozzles.

Ma mota onse okhala ndi dongosolo la Motronic amadziwika ndi liwiro losakhazikika pakachitika vuto. Chimodzi mwazifukwa za kusungika kwakanthawi kokhazikika. Choyamba, chipangizocho chiyenera kutsukidwa bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, muyenera kulabadira malo oyimilira oyenda modutsa. Mutha kuwonjezera liwiro posintha malita. Koma uku ndikanthawi kochepa chabe ndipo sikukonza vutoli. Cholinga chake ndikuti kuthamanga kwakanthawi kosagwira kumakhudza momwe ntchito ya potentiometer imathandizira.

Chifukwa chosagwirira ntchito ya injini mwachangu kungakhale kutseka kwa valavu XX (imayikidwa kumbuyo kwa injini). Ndiosavuta kuyeretsa. Ali panjira, zovuta zina zogwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa mpweya zimawoneka. Njira yolumikizirana imatulukamo, zomwe zimatha kuyambitsa magetsi pamagetsi. Kukula kwamagetsi pamfundo iyi kuyenera kukhala kosalala momwe zingathere. Kupanda kutero, zidzakhudza magwiridwe antchito. Izi zitha kubweretsa kusokonekera komanso kupititsa patsogolo mpweya / mafuta osakaniza. Zotsatira zake, injini yataya mphamvu ndipo galimoto ili ndi mphamvu zoyipa.

Kuzindikira kwamayendedwe amtundu wamagetsi kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito multimeter yoyimitsidwa pamayeso amagetsi. Chipangizocho chimatsegulidwa pomwe magetsi a 5V agwiritsidwa ntchito. Injini ikadazimitsidwa ndi kuyatsa, olumikizira ma multimeter amalumikizidwa ndi ma mita oyenda. Ndikofunika kusinthasintha pamanja flowmeter. Ndi chida chogwiritsira ntchito pa voltmeter, muvi umapatuka mkati mwa 0.5-4.5V. Cheke ichi chikuyenera kuchitika pamakina azitentha komanso otentha amkati.

Kuti muwonetsetse kuti njira yolumikizirana ndi potentiometer ndiyabwino, muyenera kuipukuta mofatsa ndi chopukutira mowa. Kuyanjana kosunthika sikuyenera kukhudzidwa kuti musapinde, ndipo potero musagwetse makonzedwe kuti musinthe kaphatikizidwe ka mpweya ndi mafuta.

Zovuta zoyambitsa mota yokhala ndi dongosolo la Motronic M1.7 itha kuphatikizidwabe ndi zovuta za njira yoletsa kuba. Immobilizer imagwirizanitsidwa ndi unit control, ndipo vuto lake lingazindikiridwe molakwika ndi microprocessor, zomwe zingayambitse makina a Motronic kuti asagwire bwino ntchito. Mutha kuwona kusokonekera uku motere. Immobilizer idadulidwa kuchokera kulamulira unit (kukhudzana 31) ndipo magetsi amayambira. Ngati ICE yayamba bwino, ndiye kuti muyenera kuyang'ana zolakwika zamagetsi oletsa kuba.

Ubwino ndi kuipa

Zina mwazabwino za jekeseni wapamwamba ndi izi:

• Kulinganiza bwino kumatheka pakati pa magwiridwe antchito a injini ndi chuma;
• Chipangizocho sichiyenera kuwonjezeredwa, chifukwa dongosolo lokha limakonza zolakwika;
• Ngakhale pali masensa ambiri okonzedwa bwino, dongosololi ndilodalirika;
• Dalaivala sayenera kuda nkhawa kuti mafuta adzawonjezeka munthawi yofananira - dongosololi limasintha jekeseni pamitundu yazovala.

Ngakhale zovuta za Motronic ndizochepa, ndizofunikira:

• Kapangidwe kazinthu kamakhala ndi masensa ambiri. Kuti tipeze kulephera, ndikofunikira kuchita zakuwunika kwamakompyuta, ngakhale ECU sikuwonetsa cholakwika.
• Chifukwa cha zovuta za dongosololi, kulikonza kwake ndiokwera mtengo kwambiri.
• Lero, palibe akatswiri ambiri omwe amamvetsetsa zovuta za ntchito iliyonse yosinthidwa, chifukwa chakukonzekera muyenera kupita kukaona ofesi yovomerezeka. Ntchito zawo ndizotsika mtengo kwambiri kuposa zamisonkhano yanthawi zonse.

Ngakhale zitakhala zotani, matekinoloje apamwamba adapangidwa kuti apange moyo wosavuta kwa woyendetsa galimoto, kukonza kuyendetsa bwino magalimoto, kukonza chitetezo pamsewu ndikuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe.

Kuphatikiza apo, tikupangira kuwonera kanema wamfupi wonena za kayendedwe ka Motronic:

BMW Motronic Engine Management Video Phunziro

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Chifukwa chiyani mukufunika dongosolo la Motronic. Iyi ndi njira yomwe nthawi imodzi imagwira ntchito ziwiri zomwe ndizofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito magetsi. Choyamba, imayang'anira kapangidwe ndi kagawidwe ka poyatsira mu gawo lamagetsi lamafuta. Kachiwiri, Motronic amayang'anira nthawi ya jakisoni wamafuta. Pali zosintha zingapo m'dongosolo lino, zomwe zimaphatikizapo jakisoni wa mono ndi jakisoni wa multipoint.

Kodi maubwino a motronic system ndi ati? Choyamba, zamagetsi zimatha kuyendetsa bwino nthawi yoyatsira komanso kutumiza mafuta. Chifukwa cha ichi, injini yoyaka mkati imatha kudya mafuta ochepa osataya mphamvu. Kachiwiri, chifukwa cha kuyaka kwathunthu kwa BTC, galimotoyo imatulutsa zinthu zosavulaza zomwe zili ndi mafuta osayatsa. Chachitatu, dongosololi lili ndi ma algorithm omwe amatha kusintha ma actuator kuti azilephera zomwe zikubwera pamagetsi. Chachinayi, nthawi zina, oyang'anira makinawo amatha kuthana ndi zolakwika zina, kuti dongosololi lisasinthidwe.