Kutumiza pamanja - gearbox yama robotic

Galimoto iliyonse yamakonoyi sidzatha kuyendetsa kapena kuyenda bwino ngati palibe chotengera chake. Masiku ano, pali mitundu ingapo yamabokosi ampira, omwe samangololeza dalaivala kuti asankhe njira yomwe ikugwirizana ndi kuthekera kwake kwakuthupi, komanso zimathandizanso kuti mupeze chitonthozo chokwanira poyendetsa galimoto.

Mwachidule za mitundu ikuluikulu yamafotokozedwe amafotokozedwera osiyana review... Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane mwatsatanetsatane za maloboti ndi, ndi kusiyana kwake kwakukulu kuchokera ku bokosi lamagetsi, komanso kulingalira za momwe ntchitoyi imagwirira ntchito.

Kodi bokosi lamiyendo ya robotic ndi chiyani?

Ntchito gearbox ndi pafupifupi ofanana ndi mawotchi analogue kupatula zina. Chipangizocho chimakhala ndi magawo ambiri omwe amapanga bokosi lomwe limadziwika kale ndi aliyense. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa robotic ndikuti kuwongolera kwake ndi mtundu wa microprocessor. M'mabokosi oterewa, kusunthira kwamagalimoto kumachitika ndi zamagetsi kutengera zidziwitso za ma injini, petulo ndi mawilo.

Bokosi la robotic limatha kutchedwanso makina otsogola, koma ili ndi dzina lolakwika. Chowonadi ndichakuti kufala kwadzidzidzi nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati lingaliro lofikira. Chifukwa chake, chosinthira chomwecho chimakhala ndi njira zodziwikiratu zosinthira magawanidwe a magiya, kotero kwa ena chimadzipangira zokha. M'malo mwake, potengera kapangidwe ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake, loboti ili pafupi ndi bokosi lamakina.

Kunja, ndizosatheka kusiyanitsa kufalitsa kwamanja kuchokera ku zotengera zodziwikiratu, chifukwa atha kukhala ndi chosankha chofanana ndi thupi. Mutha kuwona kutumiza kokha pamene galimoto ikuyendetsa. Mtundu uliwonse wagawo uli ndi mawonekedwe ake antchito.

Cholinga chachikulu cha ma robotic transmission ndikupangitsa kuyendetsa kosavuta momwe zingathere. Dalaivala safunika kusintha magiya yekha - ntchitoyi imagwiridwa ndi oyang'anira. Kuphatikiza pa chitonthozo, opanga ma makina azoyeserera akuyesetsa kuti malonda awo akhale otsika mtengo. Lero, loboti ndiye mtundu wama bajeti wamagetsi wamagetsi pambuyo pa zimango, koma sizimapereka chitonthozo chakuyendetsa ngati chosinthira kapena zodziwikiratu.

Mfundo ya gearbox yama robotic

Kutumiza kwa robotic kumatha kusinthana liwiro lotsatiralo mwina mwachangu kapena pang'ono-palokha. Poyamba, microprocessor unit imalandira zizindikilo kuchokera ku masensa, pamaziko omwe zoyeserera zomwe wopanga adayambitsa zimayambitsa.

Mabokosi ambiri ama gear amakhala ndi chosankha chazanja. Poterepa, kuthamanga kumayendabe zokha. Chokhacho ndichakuti dalaivala amatha kudziyimira pawokha mphindi yosinthira magiya okwera kapena otsika. Zina zodziwikiratu za mtundu wa Tiptronic zimakhala ndi mfundo zofananira.

Kuti muwonjezere kapena kuchepetsako liwiro, driver amayendetsa cholembera chosankhacho kupita + kapena kulowera -. Chifukwa cha njirayi, anthu ena amatcha kufalitsaku motsatizana kapena motsatizana.

Bokosi la robotic limagwira ntchito motere:

1. Dalaivala amagwiritsa ntchito ananyema, akuyambitsa injini ndikusuntha chosinthira choyendetsa kuyika D;
2. Chizindikiro kuchokera pagawo chimapita ku gawo loyang'anira bokosi;
3. Kutengera mtundu wosankhidwa, gawo loyang'anira limathandizira magwiridwe antchito molingana ndi momwe chipangizocho chidzagwirira ntchito;
4. Poyenda, masensa amatumiza zikwangwani ku "ubongo wa loboti" za kuthamanga kwagalimoto, za katundu wamagetsi, komanso za magiya aposachedwa;
5. Zizindikiro zikangosiya kufanana ndi pulogalamu yomwe idayikidwa kuchokera kufakitole, gawo loyang'anira limapereka lamulo kuti lisinthe kupita ku zida zina. Izi zikhoza kukhala kuwonjezeka kapena kuchepa kwa liwiro.

Dalaivala akuyendetsa galimoto ndi makina, amayenera kumva galimoto yake kuti adziwe nthawi yosinthira liwiro lina. Pa analogo ya roboti, zimachitikanso chimodzimodzi, dalaivala yekha safunika kuganiza za nthawi yosunthira lever kumalo komwe akufuna. M'malo mwake, microprocessor amachita.

Dongosololi limayang'anira zidziwitso zonse kuchokera kuma sensa onse ndikusankha zida zoyenera kuti zithandizire. Kotero kuti zamagetsi zimatha kusintha magiya, kutumizirako kuli ndi makina opanga ma hydromechanical actuator. Mumtundu wofala kwambiri, m'malo mwa hydromechanics, yoyendetsa magetsi kapena servo drive imayikidwapo, yomwe imalumikiza / kudula cholumikizira m'bokosilo (mwa njira, izi zikufanana ndi gearbox yodziwikiratu - clutch sikupezeka komwe imafalikira, pafupi ndi flywheel, koma m'nyumba momwemo Kutumiza).

Gawo loyang'anira likapereka chizindikiritso kuti ndi nthawi yosinthira liwiro lina, yoyendetsa yamagetsi yoyamba (kapena hydromechanical) servo drive imayambitsidwa koyamba. Imasokoneza malo okhala ndi mikangano. Servo yachiwiri imasunthira magiya pamakina kupita pamalo omwe angafune. Ndiye woyamba kumasula pang'onopang'ono zowalamulira. Kapangidwe kameneka kamalola kuti makinawo azigwira ntchito popanda kutenga nawo mbali dalaivala, chifukwa chake makina omwe ali ndi ma robotic alibe cholembera.

Mabokosi ambiri osankhira amakakamiza malo ama gear. Izi otchedwa tiptronic amalola dalaivala paokha kulamulira mphindi ya kusintha kwa liwiro apamwamba kapena otsika.

Chida cha Robotic gearbox

Masiku ano, pali mitundu ingapo yamagalimoto yotengera ya okwera. Amatha kusiyanasiyana wina ndi mnzake, koma zigawo zikuluzikulu zimafanana.

Nawa ma node omwe aphatikizidwa ndi bokosi lamagetsi:

1. Zowalamulira. Kutengera ndi wopanga ndikusintha kwa unit, iyi ikhoza kukhala gawo limodzi lokhala ndi mikangano pamwamba kapena ma disc angapo ofanana. Nthawi zambiri, zinthu izi zimapezeka mu coolant, zomwe zimakhazikitsa magwiridwe antchito, kupewa kuti zisatenthedwe. Kusankha koyambirira kapena kawiri kumaonedwa kuti ndi kothandiza kwambiri. Mukusintha uku, pomwe chida chimodzi chikugwiridwa, seti yachiwiri ikukonzekera kuyatsa liwiro lotsatira.
2. Gawo lalikulu ndi bokosi lamakina wamba. Wopanga aliyense amagwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, loboti yochokera ku mtundu wa Mercedes (Speedshift) ndi mkati mwa 7G-Tronic yotumiza yokha. Kusiyanitsa kokha pakati pa mayunitsi ndikuti m'malo mwa chosinthira makokedwe, clutch yokhala ndi ma disc angapo okangana imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuda nkhawa kwa BMW kuli ndi njira yomweyo. Bokosi lake lamagalimoto la SMG limazikidwa pama gearbox oyenda achisanu ndi chimodzi.
3. Zowalamulira ndi galimoto pagalimoto. Pali njira ziwiri - ndimayendedwe amagetsi kapena analogue yama hydromechanical. Choyamba, zowalamulira zimafinyidwa ndi mota wamagetsi, ndipo chachiwiri - ma hydraulic cylinders okhala ndi ma EM a valves. Galimoto yamagetsi imagwira ntchito pang'onopang'ono kuposa ma hydraulic, koma sikutanthauza kukakamizidwa kwanthawi zonse pamzere, pomwe mtundu wama electro-hydraulic umagwira. Loboti yama hayidiroliki imapitilira gawo lina mwachangu kwambiri (masekondi 0,05 motsutsana ndi masekondi 0,5 a analogue yamagetsi). Bokosi lamagetsi lamagetsi limakhazikika pamagalimoto oyendetsera bajeti, ndipo bokosi lamagetsi lamagetsi limayikidwa pamagalimoto oyambira, popeza liwiro la gearshift ndilofunika kwambiri mwa iwo osasokoneza magetsi pagalimoto.
4.  Kachipangizo. Pali magawo ambiri otere mu loboti. Amayang'anira magawo osiyanasiyana amafalitsidwe, mwachitsanzo, malo amafoloko, kusintha kwa zolowetsa ndi zotulutsa, momwe malo osankhira atsekedwa, kutentha kwa kozizira, ndi zina zambiri. Zonsezi zimaperekedwa kwa makina owongolera.
5. ECU ndi microprocessor unit, momwe ma algorithms osiyanasiyana amapangidwa ndi zizindikilo zosiyanasiyana zochokera ku masensa. Chipangizochi chimalumikizidwa ndi main control unit (kuchokera pamenepo zimafikira momwe injini imagwirira ntchito), komanso njira zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi (ABS kapena ESP).
6. Actuators - zonenepa hayidiroliki kapena Motors magetsi, malingana ndi kusinthidwa kwa bokosi.

Makonda a ntchito ya RKPP

Kuti galimoto iyambe bwino, dalaivala ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito chingwe chowongolera moyenera. Ataphatikiza zida zoyambira kapena zosinthira, ayenera kumasula pakhosi. Dalaivala akangomva chidwi ndi ma disc, pomwe amatulutsa pedal, amatha kuwonjezera ma injini mu injini kuti galimotoyo isayime. Umu ndi momwe zimango zimagwirira ntchito.

Njira yofananira imachitika mu mnzake wa robotic. Pokhapokha pakadali pano luso lalikulu silifunikira kuchokera kwa dalaivala. Amangofunika kusunthira bokosi pamalo oyenera. Galimoto iyamba kuyenda molingana ndi makonda oyang'anira.

Kusintha kosavuta kophatikizira kumagwira ntchito ngati makina achikale. Komabe, nthawi yomweyo, pali vuto limodzi - zamagetsi sizilemba mayankho a clutch. Ngati munthu amatha kudziwa momwe kuli kofunika kumasulira chochitikacho, ndiye kuti makinawo amagwira ntchito molimbika, motero kuyenda kwa galimoto kumatsagana ndi ma jerks owoneka.

Izi zimamveka makamaka pakusintha ndi magetsi oyendetsa magetsi - pomwe zida zikusintha, zowalamulira zidzakhala zotseguka. Izi zikutanthauza kupuma kwa makokedwe, chifukwa chake galimoto imayamba kuchepa. Popeza liwiro la kusinthasintha kwa magudumu silikugwirizana kale ndi zida zogwirira ntchito, kugwedezeka pang'ono kumachitika.

Njira yothetsera vutoli inali chitukuko cha kusinthidwa kwa clutch. Woyimira modabwitsa wa kufalitsa kotere ndi Volkswagen DSG. Tiyeni tiwone mawonekedwe ake.

Makhalidwe a DSG robotic gearbox

Chidulechi chimatanthauza kusintha kwa gearbox. M'malo mwake, awa ndi mabokosi awiri amakina omwe adayikidwa mnyumba imodzi, koma yolumikizana ndi chassis cha makina. Lililonse limagwirira ali zowalamulira yake.

Mbali yaikulu ya kusinthidwa ndi mode preselective. Ndiye kuti, pomwe shaft yoyamba ikuyenda ndi zida zogwirira ntchito, zamagetsi zimalumikiza kale magiya ofanana (ikufulumizitsa kukulitsa magiya, ikamatsikira kuti ichepetse) shaft yachiwiri. Chojambulira chachikulu chimafunika kungodula cholumikizira chimodzi ndikulumikiza china. Mukangolandila chizindikiritso kuchokera pagawo loyang'anira kuti musinthe gawo lina, clutch yogwira ntchito imatsegulidwa, ndipo yachiwiri yokhala ndi magiya okhala ndi meshed kale imalumikizidwa nthawi yomweyo.

Kujambula uku kumakupatsani mwayi wokwera popanda zida zamphamvu mukathamanga. Kukula woyamba wa kusinthidwa preselective anaonekera mu 80s wa atumwi. Zowona, ndiye kuti ma robot okhala ndi clutch iwiri adayikika pa rally ndi magalimoto othamanga momwe kuthamanga ndi kulondola kosinthira zida ndizofunikira kwambiri.

Ngati tiyerekeza bokosi la DSG ndi zodziwikiratu, ndiye kuti njira yoyamba ili ndi maubwino ena. Choyamba, chifukwa cha kapangidwe kodziwika bwino ka zinthu zazikuluzikulu (wopanga amatha kutenga mawonekedwe aliwonse okonzeka ngati mawonekedwe), bokosi lotere limakhala lotsika mtengo pogulitsa. Zomwezi zimakhudzanso kukonza kwa mayunitsi - makina ndi odalirika komanso osavuta kukonza.

Izi zidapangitsa wopanga kuti azitha kuyika njira zatsopano zopangira bajeti. Kachiwiri, eni magalimoto omwe ali ndi bokosi lamagalimoto loterolo amadziwa kuti galimoto ikuyenda bwino poyerekeza ndi mtundu womwewo, koma ndi ma gearbox ena.

Amisiri okhudzidwa ndi VAG apanga mitundu iwiri yotumizira DSG. Chimodzi mwazilembedwe 6, china ndi 7, chomwe chikufanana ndi kuchuluka kwa masitepe m'bokosilo. Komanso, sikisi zothamanga zokha amagwiritsa ntchito zowalamulira, ndi analogue liwiro zisanu ndi ziwiri amagwiritsa ntchito zowalamulira youma. Kuti mumve zambiri zaubwino ndi zoyipa za DSG bokosi, komanso momwe mtundu wa DSG 6 umasiyanirana ndi kusintha kwachisanu ndi chiwiri, onani nkhani yapadera.

Ubwino ndi kuipa

Mtundu wotengera womwe umaganiziridwa uli ndi mbali zonse zabwino komanso zoyipa. Ubwino wa bokosilo ndi monga:

• Kutumiza koteroko kumatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyandikana ndi magetsi pafupifupi mphamvu iliyonse;
• Poyerekeza ndi chosinthira ndimakina othamanga, mtundu wa robotic ndi wotsika mtengo, ngakhale uku ndikukula kopitilira muyeso;
• Maloboti ndi odalirika kwambiri kuposa ma transmissions ena onse;
• Chifukwa cha kufanana kwamkati ndi zimango, ndizosavuta kupeza katswiri yemwe angakonze mayunitsi;
• Kusuntha kosavuta kwamagalimoto kumalola kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yama injini popanda kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa mafuta;
• Mwa kukonza magwiridwe antchito, makinawo amatulutsa zinthu zosavulaza m'chilengedwe.

Ngakhale maubwino omveka bwino opitilira zina zodziwikiratu, robot ili ndi zovuta zingapo zazikulu:

• Ngati galimoto ili ndi loboti imodzi, ndiye kuti ulendowu suyenera kukhala wabwino. Posintha magiya, padzakhala ma jerks ogwirika, ngati kuti dalaivala akuponya mwendo mwamphamvu pamakina.
• Nthawi zambiri, zowalamulira (zosachita bwino kwambiri) ndi oyendetsa zinthu amalephera mgawo. Izi complicates kukonza transmissions, chifukwa ali ndi yaing'ono ntchito gwero (za 100 zikwi makilomita). Ma Servos samakonzedwa kawirikawiri ndipo njira zatsopano zimakhala zokwera mtengo.
• Koma zowalamulira, gwero chimbale ndi ochepa kwambiri - za 60 zikwi. Kuphatikiza apo, pafupifupi theka lazinthuzo ndikofunikira kuti "kulumikizana" kwa bokosilo kukhale pansi paziphuphu.
• Ngati tikulankhula zakusintha koyenera kwa DSG, ndiye kuti inali yodalirika chifukwa chotsalira posinthira magiya (chifukwa cha ichi, galimoto sichedwa kutsika). Ngakhale zili choncho, kulumikizana kukuvutikirabe.

Poganizira zomwe zatchulidwazi, titha kunena kuti pakukhala wodalirika komanso moyo wogwira ntchito, makina alibe wofanana. Ngati kutsindika kumayikidwa pakulimbikitsidwa kwakukulu, ndibwino kuti musankhe chosinthira (ndi chani chokha, werengani apa). Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kutumiza koteroko sikungapereke mwayi wopulumutsa mafuta.

Pomaliza, tikupereka kufananiza kwamavidiyo amitundu yayikulu yotumizira - zabwino ndi zoyipa zawo:

Momwe mungasankhire galimoto, bokosi lomwe ndibwino: zodziwikiratu, zosinthira, maloboti, zimango

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa automaton ndi loboti? Kutumiza kodziwikiratu kumagwira ntchito pamtengo wosinthira makokedwe (palibe kulumikizana kolimba ndi flywheel kudzera pa clutch), ndipo loboti imafanana ndi zimango, kuthamanga kokha kumasinthidwa zokha.

Momwe mungasinthire magiya pabokosi la robot? Mfundo yoyendetsera loboti ndi yofanana ndi kuyendetsa makina odziyimira pawokha: njira yomwe mukufuna imasankhidwa pa chosankha, ndipo liwiro la injini limayendetsedwa ndi chopondapo cha gasi. Ma liwiro adzasintha okha.

Kodi muli ma pedal angati m'galimoto yokhala ndi loboti? Ngakhale kuti lobotiyo imafanana ndi makina, clutch imachotsedwa pa flywheel, motero galimoto yokhala ndi maloboti imakhala ndi ma pedals awiri (gasi ndi brake).

Momwe mungayimitse bwino galimoto ndi bokosi la robot? Mtundu waku Europe uyenera kuyimitsidwa munjira ya A kapena giya yakumbuyo. Ngati galimoto ndi American, ndiye pali P mode pa chosankha.