Kodi chimango chagalimoto ndi mitundu yanji yomwe ilipo
Thupi lagalimoto,  Chipangizo chagalimoto

Kodi chimango chagalimoto ndi mitundu yanji yomwe ilipo

Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pagalimoto ndi njira yothandizira. Ndi iye amene zimapangitsa kukhala kotheka kupanga chimodzi chonse pazinthu zonse za makina. Poyamba, magalimoto onse anali ndi chimango. Komabe, m'kupita kwa nthawi, idasinthidwa ndi mitundu ina, kuphatikiza thupi lopanda kanthu, lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi magalimoto onse okwera. Komabe, chimango chomwe chimagwira chimagwiritsidwabe ntchito - pa ma SUV ndi magalimoto.

Kodi chimango cha galimoto ndi chiyani: cholinga, zabwino komanso zoyipa

Choyimira cha galimoto ndichokhazikitsidwa chomwe chimakhala ngati maziko olumikizira zida zonse ndi misonkhano, monga magetsi, zotumiza, chasisi, ndi zina zambiri. Thupi lokhala ndi makina othandizira limapatsa mwayi okwera ndi katundu, komanso limakongoletsa.

Kugwiritsa ntchito chimango kumapangitsa kuti gawo lamphamvu likhale lolimba. Chifukwa chake, imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto ndi ma SUV. Zimathandizanso kukulitsa kuphatikiza kwa mayunitsi ndi njira pakati pa mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana.

M'mbuyomu, opanga magalimoto amapangira galimotoyo ndi zida zoyambira (chimango, injini, kufalitsa, ndi zina zambiri), pomwe matupi osiyanasiyana "adatambasulidwa".

Chimango m'galimoto chimakhala ngati "mafupa". Amazindikira zinthu zonse zakunja ndi zamkati pamene galimoto ikuyenda ngakhale itayimikidwa. Poganizira izi, zofunikira zingapo zimayikidwa pakapangidwe kagalimoto:

  • mphamvu ndi kuuma kokwanira;
  • kulemera pang'ono;
  • mawonekedwe olondola, omwe athandizire pakugwira ntchito mwanzeru kwa zinthu zonse zagalimoto.

Chigawo chokhala ndi chimango chili ndi maubwino angapo. Kotero, chifukwa cha iye, zimakhala zosavuta kusonkhanitsa galimoto ndikukonzanso mtsogolo. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa chimango ndi kapangidwe ka thupi ndikuti kuwonongeka kulikonse kumatha kuthetsedwa mosavuta chifukwa cha katswiri wabwino ndi zida. Ubwino wina wofunikira: kuyendetsa pamisewu yoyipa sikudzakhala ndi zopindika za thupi (zotseguka pakhomo, zipilala, ndi zina zambiri).

Kuphatikiza pa izi, palinso zovuta. Choyamba ndikuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwakulemera kwamagalimoto chifukwa chakupezeka kwa thupi ndi thupi. Chifukwa chake, mafuta azikhala apamwamba. Chosavuta china ndikuti malo owonjezera amafunikira kuyika mamembala am'mbali pansi pa thupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kulowa mgalimoto ndikukhala gawo lalikulu la chipinda chonyamula.

Kuchepa kwachitetezo chokha kumadziwikanso, popeza pali kuthekera kosunthika kwa chimango chokhudzana ndi thupi pakagwa vuto. Chifukwa chake, thupi lonyamula katundu ndi gawo limodzi la galimoto yonyamula. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, chimango chimatha kuthana bwino ndi zovuta zomwe magalimoto ndi ma SUV amayendetsa.

Mitundu ya mafelemu

Mafelemu agawika m'magulu angapo, osiyana pamapangidwe ake:

  • sing'anga;
  • msana;
  • malo.

Mitundu ina imakhala ndi subspecies. Mitundu yophatikizira imasiyananso, kuphatikiza zigawo zamitundu yosiyanasiyana pakupanga.

Kutalika kwazitali

Uwu ndiye mtundu wofala kwambiri. Chojambulacho chimakhala ndi matabwa awiri azitali zazitali, omwe amatchedwa spars. Amatambalala mthupi ndipo amalumikizidwa kudzera pamtanda. Mitengoyi imapangidwa ndi chitsulo. Pofuna kuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito, mitundu ingapo yama profiles am'gawo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito.

Mitengoyo siyowongoka kwenikweni - nthawi zina imakhala yopindika komanso yopindika. Zikhoza kupezeka zonse mofanana ndi ndege yopingasa komanso pambali inayake, yomwe imapezeka mu SUVs. Ndikothekanso kukhala ndi dongosolo losiyana la mamembala amtanda, chifukwa chomwe mamembala am'mbali amalumikizidwa. Ndi ntchito yomanga yotchuka kwambiri yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'migalimoto yambiri ndi ma SUV.

Chimango ichi ndichabwino poyendetsa pamisewu yoyipa. Zimathandizanso kukonza magalimoto ndi kusonkhana. Zoyipa zake ndikuti ma spars amatenga gawo lalikulu la kanyumba ndikusokoneza momwe amafikira.

Spar X yoboola pakati

Freyimu yofanana ndi X ndiimodzi mwamitundu yama spar. Chochititsa chidwi ndi kapangidwe kake ndikuti ma spars kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo asudzulana, ndipo pakatikati amachepetsedwa kwambiri. Mtundu uwu umawoneka ngati beech "X", ndiye chifukwa chake umatchulidwira.

Zotumphukira

Ndi mtundu wa mafelemu a spar. Mtundu uwu unayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama pamagalimoto akuluakulu okwera ku Europe ndi "ma dreadnoughts" ochokera ku United States mzaka za m'ma 60s. M'mafelemu oterewa, ma spars amakhala otakata kotero kuti nthawi yakukhazikitsa thupi amakhala pamtunda. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pansi pazitsika kwambiri kutsika nthawi yomweyo ndikuchepetsa kutalika kwa makinawo.

Ubwino wofunikira pamakina otere ndikumatha kusinthasintha pazotsatira zake. Komabe, pali vuto lalikulu - chimango sichingathe kupirira katundu wambiri, chifukwa chake thupi lagalimoto liyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu ndi kukhwimitsa koyenera.

Spinal chimango

Mafelemu amtunduwu adapangidwa ndi oyimira kampani ya Tatra ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakina ake. Chonyamulira chachikulu ndi chitoliro cholumikiza injini kutsogolo ndi zinthu zotengera zomwe zili mkati mwake. M'malo mwake, chitolirochi chimakhala ngati kabokosi kamodzi ka bokosi lamagalimoto, zotengera ndi ma shaft oyendetsa. Makokedwe kuchokera ku injini kupita pamagetsi amaperekedwa ndi shaft yoyikidwa mu chubu. Komanso, shaft iyi si cardan shaft, yomwe imatsimikizira kudalirika kwakukulu.

Chojambula ichi, kuphatikiza ndi kuyimitsidwa kwamagudumu palokha, chimapereka maulendo ataliatali kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala kofunikira mgalimoto zapadera.

Ubwino wa chimango cha msana ndichonso kuti chimakhala cholimba kwambiri, ndipo zinthu zotumizira zimatetezedwa molondola kuzinthu zakunja. Koma chifukwa chakuti zida zina zimapezeka mkati mwa chimango, ntchito yokonzanso imakhala yovuta kwambiri.

Foloko-ridge

Mafelemu amtundu wa mafoloko ndi chitukuko cha "Tatra". M'njira imeneyi, injini siilumikizidwa ndi chitoliro chotengera, koma pafoloko yapadera. Izi zimachitika kuti muchepetse kugwedezeka kopatsirana kuchokera ku injini yoyaka yamkati yoyaka mpaka chimango, motero, kupita ku thupi lagalimoto. Komabe, lero mafelemu a mafoloko a msana sagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'makampani opanga magalimoto.

Malo ozungulira

Mtundu wovuta kwambiri womanga womwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto amasewera. Kapangidwe kameneka ndi chimango chokhazikitsidwa ndi mapaipi ochepera a alloy ndipo chimakhala cholimba kwambiri komanso champhamvu. M'makampani opanga magalimoto, mafelemu awa adalowedwa m'malo ndi monocoque, komabe, mapangidwe ofananawo amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mabasi.

Kuchitira maziko

Chothandizacho ndichinthu pakati pa thupi ndi chimango. Spars imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pano, koma ndi yolumikizana ndi pansi, osati ndi anthu apa mtanda. Mwini wamkulu kwambiri komanso wotchuka kwambiri pansi pa Volkswagen Beetle, momwe thupi limalumikizidwa ndi bolodi lathyathyathya pogwiritsa ntchito akapichi. Galimoto ina yopanga misa, Renault 4CV, ilinso ndi kapangidwe kofananira.

Pansi ponyamula katundu imadziwika ndi kupanga kwambiri ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zazikulu. Kapangidwe kameneka kamapangitsa kuti pansi ndi pakatikati pa mphamvu yokoka yagalimoto zizikhala zochepa.

Chimango chokhala ndi gawo lagalimoto chili ndi maubwino angapo ndi mawonekedwe omwe amapangitsa kuti ikhale yofunikira kwambiri pamagalimoto ndi ma SUV. Ndipo ngakhale chimango chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto amtundu wina, zina mwazinthu zake zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, chifukwa zimalola kuti matupi awo azikhala olimba. Pafupifupi galimoto iliyonse yonyamula ili ndi zida zolimbikitsira kapena ma subframes.

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