Kuyimitsa galimoto ndi chiyani?

Kuyimitsidwa kwamagalimoto ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri chassis, yemwe ntchito yake yayikulu ndikupereka kulumikizana kokhazikika komanso kotetezeka pakati panjira, mawilo ndi thupi lagalimoto. Pali ntchito zitatu zomwe zimachitika pakuyimitsidwa kulikonse:

• kulumikiza matayala ndi thupi galimoto;
• imatenga kugwedezeka kumene kumabwera chifukwa cha kuyanjana kwa matayala ndi msewu;
• Amapereka matayala okhudzana ndi thupi lamagalimoto kuti ayende bwino komanso bwino.

Zigawo zikuluzikulu za kuyimitsidwa

Kuyimitsidwa kwa galimoto ndi dongosolo lomwe lili ndi zigawo zingapo zazikulu. Mwa iwo:

• Zinthu zotsogolera;
• Zotanuka;
• Zowonjezera zowopsa;
• Kulimbitsa ndodo;
• Zomangira.

Zotsogolera kapena mphamvu zogawira mphamvu

Zinthu izi zimapereka kulumikizana ndi kutumizirana kwa mphamvu mthupi lagalimoto ndikuzindikira kuyenda kwa matayala okhudzana ndi thupi lagalimoto. Zinthu zoyendetsa ndi mitundu yonse yazitsulo: kotenga nthawi, yopingasa, iwiri, ndi zina zambiri.

Zotanuka

Izi ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito ngati cholumikizira pakati pa kufanana kwa msewu womwe galimoto ikuyenda ndi thupi lagalimoto. Ndiwo oyamba kuzindikira kusayenda bwino kwa mseu ndikusamutsa thupi. Zinthu zotseketsa zotsekemera zimaphatikiza akasupe amoto, akasupe amphepo, akasupe amasamba, ziyangoyango ndi ena.

Zowonjezera zowopsa

Cholinga chachikulu cha zoyeserera ndi kuchepetsa kugwedezeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha matayala olumikizana ndi malo osagwirizana, kupereka mwayi wokwera okwera pagalimoto ndikupangitsa kuti mayendedwe ndi mabuleki akhale osalala momwe angathere.

Pali mitundu iwiri yokha ya zinthu zomwe zimachititsa mantha - mafuta ndi gasi. Werengani za kusiyana kwawo m'nkhani yapadera.

Kulimbitsa ndodo

Mwachidule, awa ndi magawo omwe ntchito yawo ndikulumikiza magudumu awiri agalimoto pa chitsulo chimodzi. Zitsulo zolimbitsa zimakonzedwa ndi zothandizira.

Zomangira

Zolumikiza zimaphatikizira kutchinga kwazitsulo, mayendedwe a mpira, bushings, ndi zina zambiri.

Mitundu yayikulu yoyimitsidwa

Pali mitundu ingapo ya zingwe. Taganizirani mawonekedwe a omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'galimoto zamakono.

Kuyimitsidwa kodalira

Makina oyimitsidwa modalira, matayala mbali zonse ziwiri za galimoto amalumikizidwa ndi mtengo ndikugwirira ntchito limodzi. Nthawi zambiri, kuyimitsidwa kwamtunduwu kumaphatikizapo chitsulo cholimba chomwe chimafikira m'lifupi lonse la chimango chagalimoto. Mawilo awiriwa amalumikizidwa ndi chitsulo ichi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amagwira ntchito ngati awiri ndipo amayenda chimodzimodzi.

Kuyimitsa kwayokha kuli kolimba kwambiri koma osayenera magalimoto. Monga lamulo, kuyimitsidwa kotereku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto olemera, magalimoto okwera msewu. Magalimoto otere amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri poyendetsa msewu.

Kuyimitsidwa pawokha

M'makina omwe amayimitsidwa pawokha, palibe chitsulo cholumikizira matayala awiriawiri. M'malo mwake, gudumu lirilonse limachita mosiyana ndi mabampu amisewu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati gudumu limodzi ligunda cholepheretsa kapena kugunda, gudumu linalo silidzakhudzidwa.

Mosiyana ndi kuyimitsidwa modalira, komwe kumakhala kolimba kwambiri komanso kosayenera kwenikweni kumizinda, yoyimilirayo imapereka chitonthozo chabwino kwa okwera mgalimoto. Ichi ndiye chifukwa chachikulu chomwe magalimoto amakono ambiri amakhala ndi kuyimitsidwa pawokha.

Mitundu yayikulu yakuyimitsidwa payokha

McFerson

Ndi imodzi mwanjira zoyimitsidwa kwambiri pagalimoto. Makina a MacPherson strut ndiosavuta ndipo nthawi zambiri amaphatikizika ndi zotumphukira zomwe zimayenderana.

Kuyimitsidwa kotereku kunagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba mgalimoto za Ford mzaka za m'ma 1950 ndipo pambuyo pake idakhala imodzi mwazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'galimoto zamakono. Ngakhale MacPherson strut amathanso kukwezedwa kumbuyo kuyimitsidwa, imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kutsogolo kwa makina.

MacPherson Rack System imayenera kutchuka chifukwa cha mapangidwe osavuta, kapangidwe kotsika, ntchito zabwino, voliyumu yotsika, ndi zina zambiri.

Kuyimitsidwa kawiri kwa wishbone

Chinthu chapadera cha kuyimitsidwa kotere ndikuti mbali iliyonse yazitsulo pali mikono iwiri yotsata, yomwe ikuphatikizidwa ndi zinthu zoyimitsidwa zotanuka.

Ubwino wapawiri-A-mkono kuyimitsidwa ndi compactness ake ndi chitonthozo amapereka kwa okwera galimoto. Zoyipa zake ndikuti zimakhala ndi misa yayikulu, yomwe imawonjezera kulemera kwagalimoto. Pakachitika kugunda ndi chopinga, kuyenda kwa nthawi yayitali ndikotheka, chifukwa chomwe dongosololi likhoza kusweka.

Kuyimitsa kuyimitsidwa kwazitsulo

Kuyimitsidwa kotereku kumagwiritsa ntchito migolo iwiri m'malo mwa yolimba. Chitsulo chilichonse chimalumikizidwa ndi chassis ndi chingwe. Choyimira cha kuyimitsidwa kotere ndikuti pakakhala chopinga, gudumu nthawi zonse limakhala loyang'ana molumikizana ndi nkhwangwa. Kuyimitsidwa kwa axle kogwiritsidwa ntchito kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kumapeto kwa kumbuyo kwa magalimoto oyendetsa kumbuyo.

Ubwino woyimitsa mtunduwu ndizosavuta pakumanga, ndalama zotsika mtengo komanso mtengo wotsika. Zoyipa zake ndikututumuka kwakukulu komanso kuyendetsa bwino ngati liwiro likuwonjezeka pamwamba pa 60 km / h.

Kuyimitsidwa kwamitundu ingapo

Multi-point suspension ndi mtundu wa kuyimitsidwa kwagalimoto komwe kumakhala ndi mikono itatu kapena kupitilira apo ndi mkono umodzi kapena kuposerapo. Kuyimitsidwa kwamtunduwu ndikotchuka kwambiri chifukwa kumapereka kukhazikika kwabwino kwamagudumu komanso kukhazikika kwapakona. Mipikisano mfundo kuyimitsidwa akhoza wokwera pa chitsulo chogwira ntchito kutsogolo, koma nthawi zambiri ntchito kumbuyo kwa galimoto.

Mfuti yachiwiri

Kuyimitsidwa kwamtunduwu kumagawidwa m'magulu angapo (kasupe, pneumatic, hydropneumatic) kutengera zotanuka zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mbali wamba wa subtypes onse a kuyimitsidwa izi ndi kupezeka kwa ndalezo kutsogolo, amene ndi matupi awo akunja ndi molumikizana ndi thupi kapena chimango cha galimoto, ndi mkati ndi olumikizidwa ndi kumadalira.

Ubwino woyimitsidwa motere ndiwokhazikika komanso wogwira ntchito. Kapangidwe kake ndi kapadera chifukwa zinthu zake zonse zimatha kulumikizidwa pamtanda wapadera, womwe umakupatsani mwayi wochotsa kuyimitsidwa konse pakukonza.

Ntchito yake yogwira ndikuti imalola kuti masanjidwe ake asinthidwe ndikusinthidwa. Kuyimitsidwa kotereku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamasewera othamanga chifukwa kumathandizira kuyendetsa bwino magalimoto.

Zizindikiro zisanu ndi nthawi yoyesa kuyimitsidwa kwanu

Kuuma kowonjezereka pamene mukukwera

Ngati, mukuyendetsa galimoto, mumayamba kuganiza kuti ndi kugundana kulikonse pamsewu pamakhala zovutitsa thupi, izi zikutanthauza kuti pali zovuta ndi zoyamwa.

Galimoto "imakoka" pamapindidwe

Kuyimitsidwa sikuli bwino ngati mukumva kuti galimoto "ikukoka" mukapeza ngodya. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ma absorbers odabwitsa sangathenso kukhalabe olimba mthupi lagalimoto munyengo yama centrifugal yomwe imapangidwa pakona. Izi zimawonjezera chiopsezo cholephera kuwongolera ndikuwonongeka.

Auto "kudumphira ndi mphuno"

Ma absorbers amadzimadzi atatha, kugwiritsa ntchito mabuleki kumayimitsa makinawo mwa kudalira kwambiri. Izi ndizowopsa, chifukwa kugwedeza kumapangitsa kuti kuyendetsa kuyendetsa, zomwe zingayambitse ngozi.

Kutaya matayala kosafanana

Mukawona kuti tayala lina lavala kuposa linzake, nthawi zambiri ichi chimakhala chizindikiro kuti kuyimitsidwa kwa galimoto sikukugwira bwino ntchito. Zimachitikanso pomwe magudumu oyendetsa magudumu kapena magudumu awonongeka.

Mawanga amafuta amapezeka pansi pa galimotoyo

Ngati mupeza mabala amafuta phula pansi pa galimoto yanu, izi zitha kuwonetsa kuyimitsidwa kosavomerezeka komanso vuto la oyamwa. Komabe, izi ndizosankha. Werengani za zina zomwe zimayambitsa mafuta kutayikira. apa.

Momwe mungayang'anire ngati kuyimitsidwa kuli koyenera?

Njira yosavuta pankhaniyi ndikachezera malo opangira mautumiki ndikufunsa akatswiri kuti apeze kuyimitsidwa. Koma cheke choterechi chitha kuchitika pawokha.

Momwe mungayang'anire kuyimitsidwa kutsogolo?

Poyang'ana kuyimitsidwa kutsogolo, choyamba muyenera kumvetsera anthers ndi mbali za mphira. Nthawi zambiri, iwo amakhala oyamba kulephera. Yang'anani mosamala zisindikizo za rabara - zisawonongeke, kung'ambika kapena kuvala.

Samalani ndi zoyamwa poyang'ana kutuluka kapena kuvala kwamafuta. Kuti mutsimikizire kuti kulibe mavuto ndi iwo, mutha kuyesa kugwedeza galimoto pang'ono. Ngati, mutasiya kukankhira galimotoyo, imayimilira kugwedezeka, zikutanthauza kuti zonse zili bwino ndi zoyamwa. Kupanda kutero, adzafunika kusinthidwa.

Yenderani poyimitsa bwino. Ngati atatopa kwambiri, adzagwa ndipo galimotoyo imira, chomwe ndi chizindikiro chotsimikizika kuti akasupe ndi zoyamwa zimafunikira m'malo.

Momwe mungayang'anire kuyimitsidwa kumbuyo?

Popeza zinthu zambiri zimakhazikika poyimitsidwa kutsogolo, kumbuyo kumakhala kosavuta kuwunika. Ngati galimoto ili ndi kuyimitsidwa koyimirira, chida chake chimakhala chovuta pang'ono, koma pakadali pano, matendawa amatha kuchitika pawokha. Makamaka ayenera kulipidwa pazinthu zothandizira ndi zosunthira.

Ngati simukutsimikiza kwathunthu kuti mutha kuyimitsa cheke choyimitsa, ndikofunikira kulumikizana ndi akatswiri, pomwe makaniko ali ndi zida zofunikira zowunikira ndipo amatha kuzindikira kwathunthu koyimitsidwa kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo, komanso kusintha zinthu zina ngati zingafunike.

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Kodi kuyimitsidwa kwagalimoto kumaphatikizapo chiyani? Amakhala ndi maupangiri (ma levers) ndi zotanuka (akasupe, midadada chete, zoziziritsa kukhosi, torsion bar - kutengera kusinthidwa) zinthu, zothandizira, zomangira.

Kodi kuyimitsidwa kwagalimoto ndi chiyani? Cholinga chake ndikuonetsetsa chitetezo cha malo a mawilo pamene mukuyendetsa misewu yosagwirizana. Komanso, mbali zake zimatulutsa kugwedezeka ndikuonetsetsa kuti mawilo amalumikizana nthawi zonse ndi msewu.

Ndi mitundu yanji ya kuyimitsidwa komwe kulipo? Magalimoto amakono amakono amagwiritsa ntchito MacPherson strut, double wishbone, multi-link, torsion bar, kumbuyo kodziyimira payekha, kuyimitsidwa kwa De Dion.

Kodi kuyimitsidwa kumagwira ntchito bwanji m'galimoto? Zotengerazo zimayika njira yeniyeni ya kayendedwe ka mawilo. Ikagunda phokoso, chotsitsa chotsitsa chimachepetsa mphamvu, ndipo kasupeyo amakankhira gudumu mwachangu pamsewu.