Chipangizo ndi mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya
Kuyimitsidwa ndi chiwongolero,  Chipangizo chagalimoto

Chipangizo ndi mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya

Pofotokozera zamitundu yayikulu yamagalimoto am'badwo waposachedwa, lingaliro la kuyimitsidwa kosintha limapezeka nthawi zambiri. Kutengera ndi kusinthaku, makinawa amatha kusintha kuuma kwamphamvu (galimoto yamasewera ili ndi mawonekedwe ovuta, SUV ndiyopepuka) kapena chilolezo pansi. Dzina lina la machitidwe oterewa ndikuyimitsidwa kwamlengalenga.

Omwe amayendetsa pamisewu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana samvetsera kupezeka kwa kusinthaku: kuyambira pamayendedwe osalala mpaka maulendo apanjira. Okonda kukonza magalimoto amayika makamaka ziphuphu zomwe zimalola kuti galimoto izipumira. Malangizo awa pokonza magalimoto amatchedwa kukwera pang'ono. Pali osiyana review.

Chipangizo ndi mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya

Kwenikweni, kuyimitsidwa kwampweya kumayikidwa pagalimoto zonyamula, koma magalimoto abizinesi kapena oyendetsa ndege nthawi zambiri amalandiranso chimodzimodzi. Talingalirani za mtundu wa kuyimitsidwa kwamakina, momwe zingagwirire ntchito, momwe dongosolo la pneumatic limayendetsedwera, komanso zabwino ndi zovuta zake.

Kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya ndikotani

Kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya ndi makina omwe amapangidwira zinthu za pneumatic m'malo mwa zoyeserera zododometsa. Galimoto iliyonse yamagudumu 18 kapena basi yamakono ili ndi zida zofananira. Ponena za kukonzanso kwamagalimoto oyenera, kuyimitsidwa koyambirira kwamasika nthawi zambiri kumakwezedwa. Chingwe cha fakitore (MacPherson strut kutsogolo, ndi kasupe kapena kasupe kumbuyo) chimasinthira kupumira kwa mpweya, komwe kumayikidwa chimodzimodzi ndi kapangidwe ka fakitole, koma pazomangira zapaderazi amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mutha kugula gawo lomwelo m'masitolo akuluakulu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza magalimoto. Pazosintha zoyimitsidwa pakasupe kapena torsion, palinso zida zowonjezera.

Ngati timalankhula za kuyimitsidwa kwa galimoto, ndiye kuti idapangidwa kuti itenge ma shock ndi ma shock omwe amabwera kuchokera mawilo kupita ku thupi lothandizira kapena chimango chagalimoto. Ma trolley otere samangopereka chitonthozo chokwanira mukamayendetsa m'misewu yosagwirizana. Choyamba, dongosololi lakonzedwa kuti galimoto isagwe patatha zaka zingapo ikugwira ntchito.

Chipangizo ndi mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya

Mu kuyimitsidwa koyenera, chilolezo chagalimoto (kulongosola kwa mawuwa ndi apa) sinasinthe. Ngati galimoto ikugwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana, ndiye kuti zingakhale zothandiza kuyimitsidwa komwe kungasinthe chilolezo chapa nthaka kutengera momwe mseu ulili.

Mwachitsanzo, poyendetsa liwiro lalikulu pamsewu, ndikofunikira kuti galimotoyo iyandikire kwambiri phula kuti ma aerodynamics azigwira ntchito mothandizidwa ndi kutsika kwagalimoto. Izi zimapangitsa kukhazikika kwa galimoto mukamagona. Zambiri pazomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito poyendetsa magalimoto zafotokozedwa apa... Mbali inayi, kuthana ndi zovuta zapanjira, ndikofunikira kuti malo omwe thupi limayenderana ndi nthaka ndiyokwera kwambiri kotero kuti pansi pamgalimoto sikuwonongeka poyenda.

Kuyimitsidwa koyamba kwa pneumatic mumitundu yopanga kunapangidwa ndi Citroen (19 DC1955). General Motors ndi wopanga wina yemwe adayesa kuyambitsa ma pneumatics mumakampani amagalimoto.

Chipangizo ndi mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya

Kupanga galimoto mtundu uwu, amene anali okonzeka ndi yogwira kuyimitsidwa mpweya, anali 1957 Cadillac Eldorado Brige. Chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo kwa makinawo komanso kuvuta kwa kukonza, izi zidawundana kwamuyaya. Chifukwa cha matekinoloje amakono, dongosololi lasinthidwa ndikulowetsedwa m'makampani opanga magalimoto.

Chipangizo ndi mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya

Mawonekedwe a kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya wagalimoto

Payokha, kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya, osachepera teknoloji, kulipo mwachidziwitso. M'malo mwake, kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya kumatanthauza dongosolo lonse lokhala ndi ma node ambiri ndi njira. Pneumatics pakuyimitsidwa kotereku imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha mu mfundo imodzi - m'malo mwa akasupe wamba, mipiringidzo ya torsion kapena akasupe.

Ngakhale izi, kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya kuli ndi ubwino wambiri pa mapangidwe apamwamba. Chofunikira pakati pa izi ndikutha kusintha kutalika kwa kukwera kwagalimoto kapena kulimba kwa kuyimitsidwa.

Kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya sikungagwiritsidwe ntchito mu mawonekedwe ake oyera (okha akasupe a mpweya) popanda njira zowonjezera kapena zomangamanga. Mwachitsanzo, ndizothandiza kwambiri pogwiritsira ntchito zinthu zomwezo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu MacPherson strut, mu kuyimitsidwa kwamitundu yambiri, ndi zina zotero.

Popeza kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya kumagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zambiri zowonjezera, mtengo wake ndi wokwera kwambiri. Pachifukwa ichi, sichimayikidwa ndi wopanga pamagalimoto a bajeti.

Njira yotereyi yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ponyamula katundu. Chifukwa chakuti magalimoto ndi mabasi amanyamula katundu wolemera, kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya m'magalimoto oterowo kumaphatikizapo katundu wambiri. M'magalimoto onyamula anthu, kuyimitsidwa bwino kwa kuyimitsidwa sikutheka kokha ndi zimango, kotero dongosololi nthawi zambiri limayang'aniridwa pakompyuta molumikizana ndi zotengera zosinthika. Dongosolo lotereli limadziwika ndi oyendetsa ambiri omwe amatchedwa "adaptive suspension".

Ulendo wakumbiri

Mtsinje wa pneumatic unali wovomerezeka ndi William Humphreys mu 1901. Ngakhale kuti chipangizochi chinali ndi ubwino wambiri, sichinawonekere mwamsanga, ndiyeno ndi asilikali okha. Chifukwa chake n'chakuti kuyika thumba la mpweya pagalimoto kunapatsa ubwino wambiri, mwachitsanzo, galimoto yotereyi imatha kunyamulidwa kwambiri, ndipo kuwonjezereka kwapansi kumawonjezera mphamvu za magalimoto.

M'magalimoto a anthu wamba, kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya kunayambika m'ma 30s azaka zapitazi. Dongosololi linayikidwa mu mtundu wa Stout Scarab. Zoyenderazo zinali ndi zida zinayi zamphepo za Fairstone. Mu dongosolo limenelo, kompresa ankayendetsedwa ndi lamba pagalimoto yolumikizidwa ku mphamvu yamagetsi. Galimotoyo inagwiritsa ntchito makina ozungulira anayi, omwe amaonedwa kuti ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yothetsera vutoli.

Chipangizo ndi mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya

Makampani ena ayesa kukonza makina oyimitsa mpweya. Zambiri zachitika ndi Air Lift. Zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya m'dziko la motorsport. Dongosololi lidagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto a ma bootlegger aku America (onyamulira osaloledwa a mwezi pa nthawi yoletsa). Poyambirira, zosintha zosiyanasiyana zamagalimoto awo zidagwiritsidwa ntchito kubisa apolisi. Patapita nthawi, madalaivala anayamba kupangana mipikisano. Chifukwa chake kudabadwa mpikisano womwe masiku ano ukutchedwa NASCAR (mpikisano wamagalimoto opopa).

Mbali ina ya kuyimitsidwa kumeneku inali yakuti mapilowo anaikidwa mkati mwa akasupe. Anagwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka 1960s. Njira zoyambira zoyambira zidapangidwa molakwika, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti ntchito yotereyi isalephereke. Komabe, magalimoto ena anali ndi kuyimitsidwa koteroko kale pafakitale.

Popeza kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya kunali kotchuka kwambiri m'magalimoto amasewera, ma automakers akuluakulu adasamalira ukadaulo uwu. Choncho, mu 1957, Cadillac Eldorado Brougham anaonekera. Galimotoyo inalandira kuyimitsidwa kokwanira kwa mpweya wozungulira anayi ndikutha kusintha kupanikizika kwa pilo aliyense payekha. Pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo, dongosololi linayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Buick ndi Ambassador.

Pakati pa opanga ma automaker aku Europe, Citroen adatsogola moyenerera pakugwiritsa ntchito kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya. Chifukwa chake ndi chakuti mainjiniya amtunduwu adayambitsa zatsopano zomwe zidapangitsa kuti mitundu yamagalimoto ikhale yotchuka kwambiri (ena aiwo amayamikiridwabe ndi osonkhanitsa).

M'zaka zimenezo anavomereza kuti galimoto sangakhale omasuka ndi okonzeka ndi zapamwamba kuyimitsidwa mpweya. Citroen adaphwanya stereotype iyi ndikutulutsa kojambula kwa DS 19.

Chipangizo ndi mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya

Galimotoyo idagwiritsa ntchito kuyimitsidwa kwatsopano kwa hydropneumatic. Chitonthozo chosaneneka chinaperekedwa mwa kuchepetsa kupanikizika mu zipinda za gasi za masilinda. Kuti galimotoyo ikhale yoyendetsedwa bwino momwe zingathere pa liwiro lapamwamba, kunali kokwanira kuonjezera kupanikizika kwa ma cylinders, kupangitsa kuyimitsidwa kukhala kolimba. Ndipo ngakhale kuti nayitrogeni idagwiritsidwa ntchito mu dongosolo limenelo, ndipo mulingo wa chitonthozo unaperekedwa ku gawo la hydraulic la dongosolo, limayikidwabe ngati dongosolo la pneumatic.

Kuphatikiza pa wopanga waku France, kampani yaku Germany Borgward idagwira nawo ntchito yopanga ndi kukhazikitsa kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya. Mercedes-Benz nayenso anachita chimodzimodzi. Mpaka pano, ndizosatheka kupanga galimoto ya bajeti ndi kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya, chifukwa dongosolo lokha ndilokwera mtengo kwambiri kupanga, kukonza ndi kukonza. Monga m'masiku oyambirira a teknoloji iyi, lero kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya kumangoikidwa pamagalimoto apamwamba.

Momwe Kuyimitsidwa Kwa Mpweya Kumagwirira Ntchito

Ntchito yoimitsa mlengalenga imafikira pakukwaniritsa zolinga ziwiri:

  1. Potengera momwe anaperekedwera, galimoto iyenera kuyimilira momwe thupi limayendera panjira. Ngati masewera asankhidwa, ndiye kuti chilolezo chidzakhala chocheperako, ndikuchita panjira, m'malo mwake, ndipamwamba kwambiri.
  2. Kuphatikiza pa malo ake pokhudzana ndi mseu, kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya kuyenera kuyambitsa kusalinganika kulikonse panjira. Ngati dalaivala asankha masewera othamangitsa, ndiye kuti chilichonse chodumphadumpha chidzakhala cholimba momwe zingathere (ndikofunikira kuti msewuwo ndi wolunjika momwe ungathere), ndipo njira yokhotakhota ikakhazikitsidwa, izikhala yofewa momwe ingathere . Komabe, pneuma yokha siyisintha kuuma kwa zoyamwa. Pachifukwachi, pali mitundu yapadera yazinthu zosokoneza bongo (mwatsatanetsatane za mitundu ya zoyeserera zomwe zimafotokozedwa apa). Makina a pneumatic amakulolani kuti mukweze thupi lanu pazitali zololedwa kapena kutsitsa momwe zingathere.

Wopanga aliyense amayesa kupambana mpikisano pakupanga makina abwino. Amatha kutcha zojambula zawo mosiyana, koma lingaliro la momwe zida zimagwirira ntchito likadali momwemo. Mosasamala kanthu za kusinthidwa kwa ochita izi, makina aliwonse amakhala ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

  1. Zamagetsi dera. Zamagetsi zimapereka makonzedwe abwino a magwiridwe antchito. Magalimoto ena amakhala ndi machitidwe osinthika. Mukusintha uku, masensa ambiri amaikidwa omwe amalemba momwe magalimoto amayendera, kuzungulira kwa magudumu, momwe msewu ulili (chifukwa cha ichi, sensa ingagwiritsidwe ntchito machitidwe owonera usiku kapena kamera yakutsogolo) ndi machitidwe ena amgalimoto.
  2. Njira zoyang'anira. Ndiosiyana kukula, kapangidwe ndi kayendedwe kake, koma nthawi zonse amapereka makina oyendetsa, chifukwa chake galimoto imakwezedwa kapena kutsitsidwa. Pneumatics itha kukhala yoyendetsedwa ndi mpweya kapena ma hydraulic. Pakusintha kwamlengalenga, kompresa imayikidwa (kapena hydrocompressor mu dongosolo lodzaza ndimadzimadzi ogwirira ntchito), wolandila (mpweya wothinikizika umadzipezamo), chowumitsira (chimachotsa chinyezi mlengalenga kuti mkati mwa makinawo musachite dzimbiri ) ndi cholembera chimpweya pagudumu lililonse. Kuyimitsidwa kwa hayidiroliki kuli ndi kapangidwe kofananira, kupatula kuti kuuma ndi chilolezo cha pansi sichimayang'aniridwa ndi mpweya, koma ndimadzimadzi ogwira ntchito omwe amaponyedwa mdera lotsekedwa, monga mu braking system.Chipangizo ndi mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya
  3. Makina oyang'anira. Mu galimoto iliyonse yokhala ndi kuyimitsidwa kotere, woyang'anira wapadera amaikidwa pazowongolera, zomwe zimayambitsa ma algorithm ofananawo.

Kuphatikiza pa makina ampangidwe wamakampani, pali zosintha zosavuta pakusintha kwa amateur. Mtunduwu umayang'aniridwa ndi makina akutali omwe amaikidwa mchipinda chonyamula. Mothandizidwa ndi woyang'anira, dalaivala amasintha chilolezo cha galimotoyo. Pomwe chipangizocho chimatsegulidwa ndi kompresa, mpweya umaponyedwa mu chosakanizira cha pneumatic, ndikupangitsa kukakamizidwa kofunikira.

Kusinthaku kumangopatsa njira zokhazikitsira chilolezo pamanja. Woyendetsa akhoza kungoyambitsa valavu yamagetsi (kapena gulu la ma valve). Pachifukwa ichi, kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya kumakwezedwa kapena kutsitsidwa mpaka kutalika komwe kumafunidwa.

Mtundu wa fakitole wa kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya ukhoza kukhala ndi njira yodziwikiratu yogwirira ntchito. M'machitidwe otere, chida chowongolera zamagetsi chimakhalapo. Automation imagwiritsa ntchito ma siginolo kuchokera kuma sensa a mawilo, mota, mawonekedwe amthupi ndi machitidwe ena, ndikusintha kutalika kwa galimotoyo.

Chifukwa Chani Kuyika Kuyimitsidwa Kwa Air

Nthawi zambiri, thumba la mpweya losavuta limayikidwa pamsonkhano woyimitsa kumbuyo kwagalimoto. Kusinthaku kumatha kupezeka pa ambiri crossovers и Ma SUV... Mtundu woyimitsidwa woyimitsidwa ulibe ndi vuto lililonse pakapangidwe kamakono, popeza ngakhale atakhala ndi malo okwanira pazosavomerezeka, wopingasawo amangokhalabe ndi zosakhazikika kapena zopinga.

Chipangizo ndi mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya

Pachifukwa ichi, akasupe amlengalenga amagwiritsidwa ntchito molumikizana ndi mapangidwe odziyimira pawokha monga Land Rover Defender yatsopano. Kuyesa koyeserera kwa m'badwo wachiwiri wa SUV yonseyi ndi apa.

Izi ndi zifukwa zomwe oyendetsa magalimoto ena amasinthira gawo loyimitsidwa la galimotoyo.

Kusintha

Galimoto ikadzaza (mipando yonse imakhala mu kanyumba kapenanso thupi ili lodzaza), mgalimoto yoyenda bwino akasupe amaponderezedwa chifukwa cha kulemetsa kwina. Ngati galimoto ikuyenda m'malo osagwirizana, imatha kugwira pansi pazoletsa zomwe zimatuluka. Amatha kukhala mwala, bampu, m'mphepete mwa dzenje, kapena njanji (mwachitsanzo, panjira yonyansa nthawi yozizira).

Kusintha kosinthika pansi kumapangitsa woyendetsa galimoto kuthana ndi zopinga mumsewu ngati kuti sananyamule. Kusintha kutalika kwa galimoto kumachitika osati m'masabata angapo pakusintha kwa chassis, koma kwa mphindi zochepa.

Kuyimitsidwa kwamwadzidzidzi kumakupatsani mwayi wosintha momwe galimoto ilili, kutengera zomwe mwiniwake wagalimoto amakonda. Poterepa, palibe chifukwa chochitira zovuta pakusintha kwa magalimoto.

Kuletsa

Kuphatikiza pakusintha chilolezo pamachitidwe osankhidwa, dongosololi limalipiranso ngakhale kuwongolera pang'ono pagalimoto mwachangu (mumitundu yodula). Kuonetsetsa kuti mawilo onse opindika amakhala omata kwambiri pamsewu, kutengera zikwangwani zochokera ku masensa oyimira thupi, gawo loyang'anira limatha kupereka lamulo kuzitsulo zamagetsi zamagudumu zilizonse.

Mukalowa potembenukira kudera limodzi, kupanikizika kumawonjezeka, chifukwa makina omwe ali pakalopo wazungulira mkati amatuluka pang'ono. Izi zimapangitsa kuti dalaivala azitha kuyendetsa galimoto, zomwe zimawonjezera chitetezo pamsewu. Makinawo akamalizidwa, mpweya umatulutsidwa mdera lodzaza, ndipo makinawo amalimbitsa thupi lagalimoto.

Chipangizo ndi mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya

M'magalimoto wamba, ntchitoyi imagwiridwa ndi okhazikika. Mu mitundu ya bajeti, gawoli lidayikidwa pazitsulo zoyendetsa, koma pagawo lotsika mtengo kwambiri, magudumu awiri ophatikizika komanso otenga nthawi yayitali amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kasupe wamlengalenga ali ndi chinthu chimodzi chothandiza. Kuuma kwake kolimba kumatengera kuchuluka kwa psinjika. M'makina okwera mtengo, ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito akasupe amlengalenga, omwe amalepheretsa kuti galimoto isayendeyende poyenda modumpha. Pachifukwa ichi, mawonekedwe amachitidwe amawongolera kupsinjika komanso kumangika.

Popeza kuyimitsidwa kosinthika sikungathe kugwira ntchito palokha, kuli ndi zida zake zamagetsi. Kusintha kwa galimoto yanu momwemo kumalumikizidwa ndi ndalama zazikulu zakuthupi.

Kuphatikiza apo, siamakaniko onse omwe amatha kumvetsetsa magwiridwe antchito, chifukwa kuphatikiza pazinthu zamakina, ili ndi zida zambiri zamagetsi. Ziyenera kulumikizidwa molondola ku gawo loyang'anira kuti chipangizocho chizilemba molondola zikwangwani kuchokera kuma sensa onse.

Kuchita bwino kwambiri

Posankha galimoto yatsopano, aliyense woyendetsa galimoto amawunika momwe akuyendetsera komanso kuchuluka kwa chilolezo chogula. Kukhalapo kwa kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya kumalola mwiniwake wa galimoto yotere, popanda kuwonjezerapo zina pakapangidwe kagalimoto, kuti asinthe magawowa kutengera momwe zinthu ziliri.

Chipangizo ndi mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya

Mukamayendetsa galimotoyo, dalaivala amatha kuyang'ana kwambiri, kapena kupangitsa kuti galimoto ikhale yotakasuka momwe zingathere. Ndikothekanso kukwaniritsa pakati pazigawozi.

Ngati galimoto yanu ili ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi, koma mphamvu zake zonse sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'misewu ya anthu, mutha kusintha kuyimitsidwa kwake kuti galimotoyo ikhale yofewa komanso yosavuta momwe ingathere poyenda bwino. Koma dalaivala akangofika pamsewu wothamanga, mutha kuyambitsa masewerawo posintha zoyimitsanso.

Kuwoneka kwagalimoto

Ngakhale opanga amapereka mitundu yatsopano yamagalimoto okhala ndi malo otsika kale, magalimoto oterewa sagwira ntchito m'malo ambiri. Pachifukwa ichi, mitundu yotsika kwambiri imakhala ndi kamtengo kakang'ono pamsika wamagalimoto wapadziko lonse lapansi. Ponena za kukonza, m'njira stens galimotokutalika kwa galimoto ndikofunikira kwambiri

Chipangizo ndi mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya

Nthawi zambiri, magalimoto odzichepetsera amapezeka chifukwa cha kusintha kwa chassis, chifukwa chake mayendedwe amataya mphamvu. Lero pali anthu ochepa omwe ali ofunitsitsa kuyika ndalama zambiri mgalimoto yapadera, yomwe ingokonzedwa kuti iwonetse ziwonetsero pagalimoto, ndipo nthawi yonseyi ikungotola fumbi m'galimoto.

Kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya kumakupatsani mwayi wonyalanyaza mayendedwe momwe mungathere, koma kwezani ngati kuli kofunikira. Nthawi zambiri, polowera malo ogulitsira mafuta kapena malo owolokera, magalimoto otsika amavutika chifukwa choti sangathe kugwa pang'ono panjira. Kapangidwe kosinthika kamalola dalaivala kuti apange galimoto mosiyana ndi kuwononga mphamvu zake.

Kuyendetsa galimoto

China chothandiza pakuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya ndikuti zimapangitsa kutsitsa / kutsitsa makinawo mosavuta. Eni ake a ma SUV okhala ndi chilolezo chosintha nthaka ayamikira njirayi.

Chipangizo ndi mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya

Pofuna kuthana ndi zovuta zapamsewu, magalimoto akulu akulu amalandila matayala akulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwambiri kwa oyendetsa galimoto ali ndi thunthu lalifupi kuyika katundu mu thunthu. Pankhaniyi, makina akhoza adatchithisira pang'ono. Mofananamo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito makinawa pagalimoto yokoka. Mukamatsitsa, kutalika kwa thupi kumatha kukhala kocheperako, ndipo poyendetsa, mwiniwake wa galimotoyo amakweza galimotoyo kuti ifike pamtunda wabwino.

Momwe mungayikitsire kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya ndi manja anu?

Pamene zida zonse za kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya zimagulidwa, wopanga amapereka malangizo atsatanetsatane oyika pamodzi ndi zigawo zonse. Zinanso m'makiti ambiri ndi zida zokonzera.

Ichi ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe kuyika koyenera kwa dongosololi kumadalira. Tsoka ilo, pokhazikitsa njira zovuta ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana, ngakhale zovuta monga kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya, oyendetsa galimoto ambiri amatembenukira ku malangizo pamene chinachake chasweka kapena dongosolo silikuyenda bwino.

Chipangizo ndi mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya

Pofuna kupewa kukhazikitsa anthu osaphunzira, zomwe zingapangitse kuti mbali zina zilephereke, makampani ena amachenjeza kuti ngati malangizo oyikawo satsatiridwa, dongosololi lidzathetsedwa. Ndipo pali omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira zamaganizo. Mwachitsanzo, kampani yokhayo imasindikiza chizindikiro chochenjeza "Musatsegule!" Pakuyika kwa zigawo zadongosolo. Monga momwe amalonda amapangira, chenjezo ili limalimbikitsa ogula kuti ayambe kutsegula malangizowo, ngati amvetsetsa chifukwa chake ma CD sayenera kutsegulidwa. Ndipo kampani ya Ride Tech imasindikiza zolemba izi pamalangizo okha, kuwerengera kuti "chipatso choletsedwa chimakhala chokoma nthawi zonse" ndipo wogula adzatsegula phukusi ndi chiletso choyamba.

Ziribe kanthu kuti dongosololi ndi lovuta bwanji, mukhoza kuziyika nokha, chifukwa ngakhale pamalo abwino kwambiri othandizira kapena studio, anthu amachita ntchitoyi. Kotero, ndi zotheka kwa woyendetsa galimoto. Chinthu chachikulu ndikutsata mosamala malangizo a wopanga. Kuphatikiza apo, oyika ayenera kumvetsetsa momwe dongosololi liyenera kugwirira ntchito.

Kutengera mtundu ndi zovuta za dongosololi, zitha kutenga maola 12-15 kukhazikitsa (pazigawo zoyimitsidwa ndi ma cushions) + maola 10 kuti muyike kompresa ndi zigawo zake + maola 5-6 a dongosolo lofananira, ngati likupezeka mu izi. dongosolo. Koma zimatengera luso la woyendetsa pakugwira ntchito ndi zida ndi chidziwitso cha gawo laumisiri lagalimoto. Mukayika kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya nokha, izi zidzapulumutsa ndalama kwambiri (ndalama zoyikapo zili pafupifupi kotala la mtengo wa zida).

Kuti dongosololi ligwire ntchito bwino, kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zosindikizira sikungathe kunyalanyazidwa. Mizere ya mpweya nthawi zambiri imatuluka ngati simugwiritsa ntchito tepi yosindikizira pamalumikizidwe. M'pofunikanso kudzipatula mzere ku zotsatira za kuwonongeka kwa makina ndi kukhudzana ndi kutentha kwambiri. Gawo lomaliza ndilokonzekera koyenera kwa dongosolo.

Mapangidwe a zibaluni za mpweya

Kampani yaku North America Firestone ikugwira nawo ntchito yopanga zida zapamwamba kwambiri za mpweya. Zogulitsa zake nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi opanga magalimoto. Ngati tigawa izi mwazinthu, pali mitundu itatu ya izo:

  • Pawiri. Kusinthidwa uku kusinthidwa ndi malo osauka amisewu. Kunja, zikuwoneka ngati cheeseburger. Chotsatirachi chimakhala ndi sitiroko yayifupi. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutsogolo kwa kuyimitsidwa. Mugawo ili, chowonjezera chododometsa chili pafupi ndikufikira katundu wambiri.
  • Chozungulira. Zosinthazi sizokwanira ngati zoyeserera zakutsogolo, ngakhale zili ndiulendo wautali. Ntchito yawo imakhala ndi mzere wokhazikika, ndipo imapirira katundu wocheperako kuposa wakale.
  • Roller. Mpweya woterewu umakhalanso wocheperako kuposa ma khushoni awiri (ali ndi babu yocheperako, yayitali). Ntchito yawo ndi pafupifupi ofanana ndi kusinthidwa yapita, choncho ofanana absorbers mpweya mantha anaika kumbuyo kwa galimoto bogie.

Pano pali chithunzi cha chithunzi chodziwika bwino cholumikizira mpweya:

Chipangizo ndi mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya
A) kompresa; B) kuyeza kuthamanga; C) desiccant; D) wolandila; E) thumba la mpweya; F) valavu yolowera; G) valavu yobwereketsa; H) valavu yopuma.

Ganizirani momwe kasupe wamlengalenga amakonzera.

Opondera

Kuti kasupe wamlengalenga athe kusintha kutalika kwake, ayenera kulumikizidwa ndi gwero lakunja lakunja. Ndizosatheka kupanga zovuta m'modzi kamodzi, ndipo makinawo amasinthidwa ndimachitidwe osiyanasiyana (kuchuluka kwa okwera, kulemera kwa katundu, momwe msewu ulili, ndi zina zambiri).

Pachifukwa ichi, ma pneumatic compressors ayenera kukhazikitsidwa pagalimoto palokha. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti musinthe mawonekedwe amgalimoto panjira, komanso m'njira zina ngakhale mukuyendetsa.

Chipangizo ndi mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya

Pneumatic dongosolo lidzakhala ndi kompresa osachepera amodzi, wolandila (chidebe momwe mpweya umapezera) ndi makina owongolera (tikambirana zosintha zawo pambuyo pake). Kusintha kwachuma komanso kosavuta ndikulumikiza kompresa imodzi ndi wolandila lita 7.5. Komabe, kukhazikitsidwa uku kukweza galimotoyo kwa mphindi zochepa.

Ngati pakufunika kuyimitsidwa kukweza galimoto mumasekondi ochepa, ndiye kuti muyenera ma compressor osachepera awiri okhala ndi mphamvu ya 330 kg / inchi lalikulu ndi olandila osachepera awiri okhala ndi malita 19. Zifunikanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa mavavu ampweya wa mafakitale ndi mizere yampweya yamasentimita 31-44.

Ubwino wamtunduwu ndikuti galimoto imadzuka nthawi yomweyo ikangokanikiza batani. Komabe, palinso zovuta zina. Kapangidwe kameneka sikuloleza kukonza bwino - galimoto imakwera kwambiri kapena sikokwanira.

Pneumatic mizere

Gawo lofunikira pakuimitsa mpweya wonse ndi mzere wapulasitiki wopangidwira magalimoto. Ichi ndi mzere wothamanga kwambiri womwe umapangitsa kuti zitheke kulumikizana ndi zinthu zonse m'dongosolo. Zosinthazi zimatha kuthana ndi zovuta kuyambira 75-150 psi (psi).

Chipangizo ndi mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya

Ngati pulogalamu yowonjezera ya pneumatic imayikidwa, kuti mukhale ndi chidaliro chachikulu, m'malo mwa pulasitiki, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito analogue yachitsulo (imagwiritsidwa ntchito pama brake system). Mtedza woyaka ndi ma adapter atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza zonse. Zipangizozi zimalumikizidwa ndi mzere waukulu pogwiritsa ntchito mapaipi othamanga.

Kuyimitsidwa kutsogolo

Kukula koyamba kwa kachitidwe pneumatic analandira njira zimene zinali zotheka kuti pang'ono m'malo kutsogolo absorber mantha. Cholinga chake ndikuti kasupe wamlengalenga alibe malo oziziritsa, monga mu MacPherson strut (yomwe ili mkati mwa kasupe).

Chida cham'masika chakuyimitsa kutsogolo chimaphatikizapo mabakiteriya apadera omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuthana ndi mantha osapereka nsembe. Komabe, ngati mipanda yayikulu yosakhazikika yayikidwa mgalimoto yaying'ono (kusanja kotchuka masiku ano) ndi matayala otsika, kugwiritsa ntchito kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya nthawi zina sikungatheke. Kuti mumve zambiri zamomwe mungasankhire matayala otsika, onani payokha.

Chipangizo ndi mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya

Zomwe zachitika posachedwa zimaphatikizira zoyeserera zolumikizana ndi mpweya zomwe zimalowa m'malo mwa strut wakale. Kusinthaku ndikokwera mtengo kwambiri, koma njira zotere ndizosavuta kukhazikitsa.

Tisanasankhe pa kusinthaku, ndikuyenera kudziwa kuti pa chisiki china sichothandiza poyerekeza ndi momwe mpweya wam'mlengalenga ndi chosakanizira chimasiyanirana. Nthawi zina, ndikuchepa kocheperako chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka chassis, gudumu limamatira pachingwe cha gudumu poyendetsa. Poterepa, pamafunika chowongolera chowopsa kwambiri.

Pachifukwa ichi, kwa iwo omwe amayang'ana kwambiri kutonthozedwa kwakukulu, osati kungosintha mawonekedwe awo, ndibwino kukhala kosiyana.

Kumbuyo kuyimitsidwa

Kumbuyo kwa bogie, kuyika kwa pneumatic system kumadalira mtundu wa kuyimitsidwa kwa galimoto. Ngati pali ma racks amtundu wa MacPherson, ndipo kapangidwe kake ndi kolumikizana kochulukirapo, ndiye kuti sizikhala zovuta kukhazikitsa zonenepa pazothandizira masheya. Chofunika kwambiri ndikupeza kusinthidwa koyenera. Koma mukamagwiritsa ntchito kusintha kosakanikirana (cholembera chomenyera ndi cholembera chimaphatikizidwa kukhala gawo limodzi), kungakhale kofunika kusintha pang'ono kuyimitsidwa kwa galimotoyo.

Ngati pali kuyimitsidwa kwamasamba kumbuyo kwa chitsulo chakumbuyo m'galimoto, ndiye kuti ziphuphu zimatha kukhazikitsidwa m'njira ziwiri. Musanayimitse kuyimitsidwa, chonde dziwani kuti akasupe onse amasamba sangathe kutsegulidwa. Cholinga chake ndikuti, kuwonjezera pakukhudza masika, zinthuzi zimakhazikika kumbuyo. Ngati muchotsa zitsime zonse, muyenera kukhazikitsa chiwongolero, ndipo izi ndizolakwika pakupanga galimoto, zomwe zimafunikira luso laukadaulo.

Chipangizo ndi mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya

Chifukwa chake, njira yoyamba yoyikira mabatani amlengalenga pakayimitsidwa masika. Timasiya masamba angapo mbali iliyonse kuti apitilize kugwira ntchito yolimbitsa olamulira. M'malo mwa mapepala ochotsedwa (pakati pa thupi ndi akasupe), thumba la mpweya limayikidwa.

Njira yachiwiri ndiyokwera mtengo kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi omwe amakhala ndi magalimoto omwe akufuna kupititsa patsogolo "pampu" yoyimitsidwa kwa galimotoyo. Akasupe onse amachotsedwa ndipo mapangidwe a airbag okhala ndi mfundo zinayi amaikidwa mbali iliyonse m'malo mwake. Chifukwa cha kusinthaku, opanga ambiri adapanga kale zida zapadera zamagetsi zomwe zimakulolani kukhazikitsa pneumatics ndi kuwotcherera kocheperako.

Mitundu iwiri ya levers imaperekedwa pa retrofit ya mfundo 4:

  • Amakona atatu. Magawo awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pagalimoto zonyamula anthu kuti azigwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku.
  • Ofanana. Zinthu zoterezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto. Ngati galimoto yonyamula anthu imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mpikisano wothamangitsa (mawonekedwe a mipikisanoyi amafotokozedwa apa) kapena mitundu ina yamipikisano yokhayokha, mitundu yomweyo ya levers imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Pneumocylinders

Zinthuzi tsopano zimapangidwa ndi mphira kapena polyurethane yamphamvu kwambiri. Nkhaniyi ili ndi kusungunuka kwakukulu ndi mphamvu, zomwe zimatsimikizira kulimba kwa dongosolo. Komanso, zipangizozi zimagonjetsedwa ndi nyengo yoipa, kupanikizika kwa makina poyendetsa galimoto (mchenga, dothi ndi miyala zimagunda mbali zonse zomwe zili pansi pa galimoto), kugwedeza ndi mankhwala omwe amawaza pamsewu m'nyengo yozizira.

Chipangizo ndi mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya

Ogula makina a pneumatic amapatsidwa mitundu itatu ya masilinda:

  • Pawiri. Mu mawonekedwe awo, masilindala oterowo amafanana ndi hourglass. Poyerekeza ndi ma analogi ena, masilindala amtunduwu ali ndi kusinthasintha kwakukulu kopingasa;
  • Kokonikoni. Ali ndi zinthu zofanana ndi akasupe ena a mpweya. Maonekedwe awo okha amakulolani kuti muyike zinthu zoterezi mu malo ochepa. Zoyipa zamtunduwu ndizochepa pang'ono kusintha kwa kutalika kwa galimoto;
  • Wodzigudubuza. Mpweya uwu wapangidwa kuti ugwiritsidwe ntchito pazochitika zapadera. Ma cylinders oterowo amasankhidwa pokhazikitsa kapangidwe kake kuyimitsidwa komanso kufunikira kosintha gawo lina la kutalika kwagalimoto. Pogula zida, wopanga adzawonetsa mitundu ya masilindala omwe akulimbikitsidwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pazochitika zinazake.

Ma valve a solenoid ndi mizere ya pneumatic

Kuti kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya kugwire ntchito, kuwonjezera pa masilindala, dongosololi liyenera kukhala ndi mizere ya pneumatic ndi makina otsekera (mavavu), popeza mapilo amadzuka ndikusunga kulemera kwagalimoto chifukwa cha mpweya womwe umaponyedwa mkati mwake.

Mizere ya pneumatic ndi dongosolo la mipope yothamanga kwambiri yomwe imayikidwa pansi pa galimoto. Ngakhale mu gawo ili la galimoto mzerewu umakhudzidwa ndi zotsatira zaukali za reagents ndi chinyezi, sizingakhazikike kudzera m'chipinda cha anthu okwera, chifukwa pakakhala kupsinjika maganizo, sikudzakhala kofunikira kusokoneza kwathunthu chipinda chonse chokwera. kukonza.

Chipangizo ndi mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya

Msewu wodalirika kwambiri umapangidwa ndi zitsulo zopanda chitsulo, koma palinso zosintha zopangidwa ndi polyurethane ndi mphira.

Mavavu ndi ofunikira popopera ndikusunga kuthamanga kwa mpweya mu gawo linalake la mzere. Izi ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimayendetsa dongosolo lonse la pneumatic. Kuyimitsidwa koyamba kwa mpweya kunalandira mtundu wozungulira kawiri. Kuipa kwa machitidwe oterowo kunali kuyenda kwaulere kwa mpweya kuchokera ku compressor kupita ku masilindala ndi mosemphanitsa. Polowa mokhotakhota, chifukwa cha kugawanso kulemera kwa galimoto m'makina otere, mpweya wochokera pamasilinda odzaza udatulutsidwa mudera losadzaza kwambiri, zomwe zidakulitsa kwambiri mpukutu wagalimotoyo.

Machitidwe amakono a pneumatic ali ndi ma valve angapo omwe amasunga kupanikizika mu gawo linalake loyimitsidwa. Chifukwa cha izi, kuyimitsidwa kotereku kumatha kupikisana ndi ma analogue ndi zinthu zochepetsera masika. Kuti muwongolere bwino dongosolo, ma valve a solenoid amagwiritsidwa ntchito, oyambitsidwa ndi ma sign kuchokera ku gawo lowongolera.

Control module

Uwu ndiye mtima wa kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya. Mu msika wamakina a magalimoto, mungapeze ma modules osavuta, omwe amaimiridwa ndi kusintha kosavuta kwamagetsi. Ngati mungafune, mutha kupeza njira yotsika mtengo, yomwe ili ndi microprocessor yokhala ndi mapulogalamu omwe adayikidwamo.

Chipangizo ndi mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya

Module yowongolera yotereyi imayang'anira zidziwitso kuchokera ku masensa osiyanasiyana m'dongosolo ndikusintha kuthamanga kwa mabwalo potsegula / kutseka ma valve ndi kuyatsa / kuzimitsa kompresa. Kuti zida zamagetsi zisasemphane ndi pulogalamu yapakompyuta yapa bolodi kapena gawo lowongolera lapakati, ndizodziyimira pawokha pamakina ena.

Wolandila

Wolandira ndi chidebe chomwe mpweya umaponyedwa. Chifukwa cha chinthu ichi, kuthamanga kwa mpweya kumasungidwa mumzere wonse ndipo, ngati kuli kofunikira, nkhokweyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti compressor isayatse nthawi zambiri.

Ngakhale dongosololi limatha kugwira ntchito momasuka popanda wolandila, kukhalapo kwake ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse katundu pa compressor. Chifukwa cha kukhazikitsa kwake, compressor idzagwira ntchito nthawi zambiri, zomwe zidzawonjezera moyo wake wogwira ntchito. Supercharger idzayatsidwa pokhapokha kukanikiza kwa wolandila kutsika kumtengo wina.

Zosiyanasiyana ndi kuchuluka kwa mizereyo

Kuphatikiza pa kapangidwe kake ndi mphamvu zamagetsi, pali mitundu iwiri yazungulira ndi zinayi zamayimidwe am'mapapo. Kusintha koyamba kunkagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo zotentha mu theka lachiwiri la zaka za m'ma 1990.

Chipangizo ndi mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya
1) Dera limodzi; 2) Makina awiri; 3) Makina anayi

Tiyeni tione zina mwa mawonekedwe a machitidwewa.

Makina awiri

Poterepa, zolumikizira ziwiri zam'mlengalenga, zolumikizidwa pachitsulo chofanana, zimalumikizidwa. Ponena za kukhazikitsa, makina oterewa ndiosavuta kukhazikitsa. Ndikokwanira kukhazikitsa valavu imodzi pamulatho umodzi.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, kusinthidwa ili ndi zovuta kwambiri. Galimoto ikalowa potembenuka mwachangu, mpweya wochokera mumiyala yodzaza udasunthira m'mimbamo ya wocheperako, chifukwa chake, m'malo moziziritsa galimotoyo, kupukusa thupi kudakulirakulira. M'magalimoto opepuka, vutoli limathetsedwa ndikukhazikitsa okhazikika okhazikika.

Makina anayi

Chifukwa cha zolakwa zazikulu za dongosolo lakale lachiwombankhanga, makina anayi amakonzedwa pamakina amakono. Njira yolumikizira imakhala ndi chiwongolero chodziyimira payokha pamavuto aliwonse. Pachifukwa ichi, mtsamiro uliwonse umadalira valavu payekha.

Chipangizo ndi mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya

Kusinthaku kukufanana ndi dongosolo lopukutira magalimoto loyendetsedwa ndi magalimoto othamangitsa. Zimaperekanso kusintha kosintha kwa malo molingana ndi momwe thupi lagalimoto limayendera panjira.

Njira zoyendetsera

Nthawi zambiri, makina azingwe zinayi adzayendetsedwa ndi zamagetsi. Iyi ndiyo njira yokhayo yolamulira yomwe imakupatsani mwayi wosintha kuyimitsidwa pang'ono. Komabe, dongosolo lino ndi kovuta kwambiri kukhazikitsa (muyenera kulumikiza molondola masensa onse omwe ali ndi gawo loyang'anira), ndipo zimawononga zambiri.

Monga njira yosankhira bajeti, mwiniwake wamagalimoto amatha kukhazikitsa bukuli. Njirayi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamagawo awiri komanso pamakina anayi. Poterepa, chosungira chapanikizika ndi batani loyang'anira zimayikidwa pakatikati poyang'anira kuti muwone kukakamiza pamzere.

Chipangizo ndi mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya

Njira yodula koma yothandiza kwambiri ndikukhazikitsa zamagetsi. Njirayi imagwiritsa ntchito mavavu amagetsi omwe amayendetsedwa pakompyuta. Kusintha koteroko kumakhala ndi gawo loyang'anira, masensa oyenera kudziwa momwe galimoto ilili komanso kuchuluka kwa kutsika kwamphamvu kwa silinda.

Zochitika zaposachedwa zitha kukhala ndi zida zingapo zowongolera. Tiyeni tiwone momwe iliyonse imagwirira ntchito.

Makina oyesa kuyeza

Mwachidziwitso, dongosololi limakhazikitsa malo am'masika amlengalenga (zamagetsi zimasintha pa parameter iyi kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa chilolezo). Zovuta zamagetsi m'dongosolo zimatumiza zizindikiritso ku gawo loyang'anira, kulola zamagetsi kudziwa kutalika kwaulendo. Koma dongosolo lowongolera ili ndi zovuta zina.

Ngati galimoto ili yodzaza bwino (pali okwera okwera m'kanyumbako, ndipo pali thunthu lolemera mu thunthu), ndiye kuti kuthamanga pamsewu waukulu kudumpha. Kutengera ndi masensa opanikizika, makompyuta omwe ali pa board azindikira kuti galimotoyo yakwera kutalika kwambiri, koma itha kukhala yotsika kwambiri.

Njira zowongolera zotere ndizoyenera magalimoto opepuka, pomwe katundu wolemera samanyamulidwa kawirikawiri. Ngakhale kuthira mafuta m'matangi athunthu kumasintha kuwongolera kwa kutalika kwagalimoto. Pazifukwa izi, makinawo adzaika molakwika nthaka.

Chipangizo ndi mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya

Komanso kulakwitsa kwakukulu kwamtunduwu wamagetsi kumadalira mayendedwe omwe galimoto imagwira. Mwachitsanzo, galimoto ikapanga ngodya yayitali, mbali imodzi yoyimitsidwa imadzaza kwambiri. Zamagetsi zimatanthauzira kusinthaku ngati kukweza mbali imodzi yagalimoto. Mwachilengedwe, kusinthaku kwakukhazikika kwa thupi kumayambitsidwa.

Pachifukwa ichi, gawo lodzaza mzerewu limayamba kutsika, ndipo mpweya wambiri umaponyedwa gawo lotsitsidwa. Chifukwa cha izi, gudumu lamagalimoto limakulirakulira, ndipo limangogwedezeka mukamafika pakona. Makina azigawo ziwiri ali ndi vuto lofananira.

Njira yoyang'anira yomwe imayang'anira chilolezo

Chothandiza kwambiri pokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa katundu pamasilindala amodzi ndi omwe amatenga mtunda weniweni kuchokera pansi pa munthu kupita pamsewu. Sichiphatikiza zolakwika zonse zamtundu wam'mbuyomu. Chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa masensa omwe amatsimikizira kuyimitsidwa kwa kuyimitsidwa ndikuwonjezereka kwa ma circuits ena, zamagetsi zimakhazikitsa chilolezo molingana ndi momwe zimakhalira panjira.

Ngakhale mwayiwu, makina owongolera oterewa amakhalanso ndi vuto. Pogwiritsa ntchito magalimoto okwanira, ndikofunikira kuti kuyimitsidwa koyimitsidwa ndikofanana. Kusiyana kwa kukakamiza pakati pamiyeso yosiyanasiyana ya mpweya sikuyenera kupitirira 20%.

Chipangizo ndi mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya

Koma pamene zamagetsi zikuyesera kuyendetsa galimoto momwe zingathere, nthawi zina kusiyana kumeneku kumadutsa gawo ili. Zotsatira zake, gawo limodzi la kuyimitsidwa ndilolimba momwe zingathere, pomwe lina ndilofewa. Izi zimakhudza momwe makinawo amagwirira ntchito.

Machitidwe ophatikizidwa

Kuthetsa zolakwika ndi zofooka za machitidwe onse owongolera, makina ophatikizira amapangidwa. Amaphatikiza zabwino zonse zomwe zimayang'anira kukakamiza m'maseketi ndi zomwe zimatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa chilolezo. Chifukwa cha kuphatikiza uku, kuphatikiza pakuwunika momwe galimotoyo ilili, makinawa amathandiziranso ntchito za wina ndi mnzake.

Njira yowongolera yofananira idapangidwa ndi Air Ride Tec. Masinthidwe amatchedwa Level Pro. Poterepa, zida zamagetsi zimakonzedwa m'njira zitatu. Zolemba malire, zokwanira komanso zotsika kwambiri zamagalimoto. Iliyonse ya mitundu iyi imakupatsani mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito galimoto mosiyanasiyana, kuyambira paulendo mpaka panjira.

Kukhazikika kwa ma pneumatic bellows ndi ma solenoid valves kumagwira ntchito kuchokera modabwitsa komanso pamanja. Galimoto ikayandikira bampu yothamanga, siyidzuka yokha kuti igonjetse chopinga ichi. Pachifukwa ichi, zamagetsi zimayenera kukhala ndi masensa ochulukirapo omwe amasanthula msewu pasadakhale. Machitidwewa ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri.

Machitidwe osinthidwa

Machitidwe omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa amasinthidwa ndimagalimoto amisewu wamba. Pamagalimoto ndi magalimoto amisili akatswiri, pali njira zowongolera zomwe zimapereka kuyendetsa mwachangu komanso molondola kwa galimotoyo.

Kumbali yothandiza, ndibwino kuyika zida zopangidwa mwapadera pa SUV, galimoto yamagalimoto kapena ndodo yotentha yamphamvu kuposa kuyesa kudzimangirira nokha. Kuphatikiza pa kuti chitukuko choterocho chimatenga nthawi yochulukirapo, pali kuthekera kwakukulu kuti makaniko atha kuchita ziwerengero molakwika, ndipo kuyimitsidwa sikungathane ndi katunduyo.

Chipangizo ndi mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya

Posankha zida zopangidwa kale, mwinimagalimoto amangoyenera kuyang'ana mndandanda womwe wapanga: ngati mankhwalawa ndi oyenera mtundu wamagalimoto awa kapena ayi. Zimaganizira mtunda wapakati pa mawilo ndi zingwe zamagudumu, kukula kwa malo olumikizira mpira, kuchuluka kwa cholumikizira chosakanikirana ndi zina, pamaziko omwe makinawo amatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe uyenera kuponyedwa muzipilala .

Zinthu Zogwira Ntchito

Monga tanenera kale, chinthu chofunika kwambiri cha kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya, mosasamala kanthu za mapangidwe ake, ndi mtengo wake wapamwamba. Ngakhale machitidwe amakono ndi odalirika komanso ogwira mtima, akalephera, kukonza kwawo kumasanduka mutu weniweni komanso "bowo lakuda" mu chikwama.

Ngati galimotoyo ili ndi airbags yotseguka, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito kukweza nthawi zambiri pakutsuka galimoto kuti mutsuke bwino dothi ndi mchenga pansi pa ma cuffs. Chidwi chiyeneranso kuperekedwa ku ma hoses oyendetsa ndege - onetsetsani kuti sakuphulika. Ngati kutayikira kwa mpweya kumachitika, kuyenera kuthetsedwa posachedwa, chifukwa kuyatsa pafupipafupi kumachepetsa moyo wogwiritsa ntchito wa compressor.

Ena amakhulupirira kuti kuchuluka kwa kusintha kwa chilolezo cha nthaka kapena kuuma kwa kuyimitsidwa kuyenera kuchepetsedwa momwe kungathekere. Kwa oyendetsa galimoto, kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya sikofunikira, ndipo kuyimitsidwa kokwanira ndikokwanira kwa iwo. Dongosolo lililonse lili ndi zothandizira, ngakhale mutayesetsa bwanji kuwonjezera moyo wake wautumiki. Kukhalapo kwa kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya kumapangitsa galimotoyo kukhala yosunthika, yopindulitsa panjira komanso yosinthika kwambiri pa liwiro lalikulu.

Kuyimitsa zabwino ndi zoyipa

Makulidwe aliwonse azipangidwe zamagalimoto zamagalimoto ali ndi mbali zoyambira komanso zoyipa za ndalamazo. Choyamba, za ma pneumatic:

  1. Chifukwa cha kukonzanso kuyimitsidwa kwa galimotoyo, sizimavutikira kufalitsa kapena mafuta amtundu uliwonse wamagalimoto. Nthawi zina, geometry yoyimitsa imasintha pang'ono.
  2. Kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya kumatha kusunga kutalika kwa makina, mosasamala kanthu za katundu wake. Katunduyu akagawidwa mosagwirizana pathupi, dongosololi limapangitsa kuti galimotoyi ikhale yofanana kwambiri ndi msewu.
  3. Ngati ndi kotheka, makina akhoza kudzutsidwa kuti athetse zopinga panjira. Ndipo posintha malo athyathyathya, galimoto imatha kuchepetsedwa momwe zingathere (pomwe kutalika kocheperako kumatha kubweretsa kufulumira kwa mapilo).
  4. Tithokoze kulimba kwamphamvu pothamangira pakona, galimoto siyiyenda, zomwe zimawonjezera chitonthozo paulendowu.
  5. Makina ampweya amakhala chete.
  6. Mukakhazikitsa ma belu ampweya limodzi ndi kuyimitsidwa kwa fakitore, magawo wamba amakhala nthawi yayitali. Chifukwa cha izi, nthawi yokonzanso yakula kwambiri. Nthawi zina, kuyimitsidwa koteroko kumatha kupita ku 1 miliyoni km.
  7. Poyerekeza ndi galimoto yofananira ndimayimidwe achikale, galimoto yokhala ndi ziphuphu imakhala ndi malipiro ambiri.
Chipangizo ndi mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya

Musanaganize zokweza kuyimitsidwa kwa galimoto yanu poyika pulogalamu yamagetsi, muyenera kuganizira zovuta zonse zakukweza koteroko. Ndipo zovuta izi ndizofunikira:

  1. Kuyika ziphuphu pamoto wanu, muyenera kuwononga ndalama zonse pogula zinthu zonse zofunika. Kuphatikiza apo, ndalama ziyenera kuperekedwa kulipira ntchito yaukadaulo yemwe amatha kulumikiza mfundo zonse moyenera. Ngati mukufuna kugulitsa galimoto mtsogolomo, ndiye kuti kumsika wachiwiri, mtundu wotsika mtengo wotukuka motere udzawononga zambiri kuposa gawo lamtengo momwe ulili. Kwenikweni, makina oterewa ndi othandiza kugwiritsa ntchito poyendetsa katundu kapena pamitundu yamagulu a "Bizinesi".
  2. Njira yotereyi imakhala yovuta kwambiri pamachitidwe opangira. Amaopa dothi, madzi, fumbi ndi mchenga. Kuisunga pamafunika khama, makamaka potengera misewu yamasiku ano.
  3. The airbag palokha si kukonza. Ngati, chifukwa chogwira ntchito molakwika (mwachitsanzo, kuyendetsa pafupipafupi ndi malo ochepera), ikuwonongeka, kuyenera kusinthidwa ndi yatsopano.
  4. Mphamvu ya akasupe amlengalenga imachepa ndikayamba chisanu.
  5. Komanso, m'nyengo yozizira, zinthu za pneumatic zimakumana ndi zovuta za ma reagents omwe amafalikira ndi misewu.

Ngati woyendetsa galimoto ali wokonzeka kupirira zolakwikazi, ndiye kuti titha kunena molimba mtima kuti, poyerekeza ndi akasupe achikale ndi zoyamwa, pneumatic analogue (makamaka zomwe zachitika posachedwa) zikhala zothandiza kwambiri. Komabe, mwatsoka, chitukuko choterechi chimapezeka kokha kwa oyendetsa galimoto olemera komanso okhala kumadera akumwera.

Kuphatikiza apo, penyani kuwunikiridwa kwamavidiyo pakusintha ndi mawonekedwe a kuyimitsidwa kwamlengalenga:

KODI KUYIMBITSITSA KWA GALIMOTO MU GALIMOTO NDI KUKHALA KUKHALA KOTANI

Kanema pa mutuwo

Nayi kanema wachidule wokhudza magwiridwe antchito a kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya:

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Vuto ndi chiyani ndi kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya? Mapangidwe ovuta komanso kusamalidwa bwino kwa zigawozo zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zodula kwambiri kukonza ndi kukonza. Zothandizira zake zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi nyengo, chemistry yamsewu komanso kutentha koyipa.

Kodi kompresa yoyimitsa mpweya imagwira ntchito bwanji? Pistoni imagwira ntchito mobwerezabwereza m'manja. Ma valve oyamwa ndi otulutsa amatseguka mosinthana. Mpweya umadutsa mu chowumitsira kupita ku thanki yogwirira ntchito.

Kodi kuyimitsa mpweya kumagwira ntchito bwanji pagalimoto? Choyamba, ma brake system amadzazidwa ndi mpweya. Kenako amapoperedwa mu akasupe mpweya, ndiyeno jekeseni mu wolandira. Mpweya wochokera kwa wolandira umagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha kuuma kwa damping.

Kuwonjezera ndemanga