Kodi makina osindikizira a SKD ndi chiyani

Anthu wamba azolowera kuti zoyendera zamagalimoto amakono zimatha kusonkhanitsa magalimoto atsopano, kapena anthu amawathandiza, ndikusandutsa "mafupa" amthupi kukhala galimoto yathunthu. Pali malingaliro kuti msonkhano wodziwikiratu ndi wabwino kwambiri, chifukwa matekinoloje amakono samachotsa zolakwika pamsonkhano, osati zinthu zaumunthu (zosakhazikika, kuyiwala kukhazikitsa gawo, kuyikapo gawo loyenera).

Pankhani yamagalimoto apamwamba, timamva chinthu ngati "msonkhano wa screwdriver". Chotsatira, tiyeni tiwone kuti msonkhano wa SKD ndi uti, momwe amagwirira ntchito screwdriver magalimoto.

Kodi screw assembly ndi chiyani? M'mawu osavuta, msonkhano wotere umatanthawuza njira ya SKD yamagalimoto omwe amaperekedwa kwa conveyor. Mwachitsanzo, m’dziko limene galimotoyo idzasonkhanitsidwa ndi kugulitsidwa, wopanga amatumiza magulu akuluakulu osonkhanitsidwa kuti asonkhanitsidwe pamalo ochitira msonkhano.

Malingaliro amsonkhano

Pali mitundu iwiri yamisonkhano yama screwdriver:

• Theka Knocked Down (theka-disassembled mankhwala);
• Сomplete Knock Down (msonkhano wamakina osokonekera).

SKD

Njira ya SKD yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'maiko ambiri padziko lapansi, kuphatikiza CIS. Njirayi, ikapatsidwa chida chamagalimoto pamalo opangira msonkhanowo, popanda magudumu, chiwongolero ndi zitseko, zitha kuchepetsa kwambiri mtengo wazomaliza chifukwa chotsika pamiyambo, chifukwa dzikolo silikulowa pagalimoto yodziyendetsa yokha, koma "wopanga" wamkulu.

Mwachitsanzo: pamalo obzala magalimoto a BMW, ku Bavaria, galimoto imasonkhanitsidwa, itatha kusokonezedwa (zitseko, magetsi ndi zotumiza, zitseko zimachotsedwa), setiyi imaperekedwa ku fakitale ya Avtotor Kaliningrad ndipo chinthu chomalizidwa ndi zochokera kwa wotumiza. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa miyambo komanso ntchito yotsika mtengo, magalimoto opangidwa ndi akunja ndiotsika mtengo kwambiri mdziko lanu.

CKD 

Mtundu wamsonkhanowu umangotanthauza kusanja kopanga modzidzimutsa komanso zowongolera, komanso kusonkhana kwa chimango cha thupi, ndiye kuti, kuwotcherera kwamagulu omalizidwa pamodzi. Apa, mapanelo adindidwa, otsekedwa, opentedwa ndipo galimoto yasonkhanitsidwa kwathunthu. 

Tanthauzo la mtundu uwu ndikuti mtengo wamagalimoto watsika kwambiri, chifukwa umasonkhana mdziko lanu. Mwachitsanzo: ku fakitale yaku Russia ku Kaluga pali chomera chokwanira cha Volkswagen, pomwe magalimoto amasonkhanitsidwa kuyambira pachiyambi. Zotsatira zomaliza ndizogulitsa zotsika mtengo kwambiri kuposa analogue yomweyo yaku Germany.

Ndondomeko yamagalimoto

Makonzedwe amsonkhano wamagalimoto oyendetsa ndi umodzi motere:

1. Makina amagetsi amaperekedwa kumalo osonkhanitsira ndipo amakonzekera msonkhano wotsatira.
2. Thupi limadutsa pakuwunika kowonekera kuti liwonongeke.
3. Thupi limasunthidwa kuchoka pakama kupita ku chonyamula, ndipo zinthuzo zimamasulidwanso ndikukonzedwa.
4. Ntchito yogawira zigawo m'malo oyenera imachitika: zomangira, pulasitiki, zokongoletsera zimasanjidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana. Zida zoyimitsidwa zimayikidwa papulatifomu yapadera pomwe dongosolo la mabuleki limakwezedwa pagalimoto.
5. Chotsatira, thupi limalumikizidwa ndi chisiki, chomwe chimatchedwa "ukwati" chimachitika. Njirayi ndi yovuta kwambiri komanso yodalirika, koma imapatsidwa nthawi yoyenera.
6. Tsopano onse Kulumikizana chikugwirizana, anakwera mizere ananyema ndi mapaipi, ndi zolimba kufufuzidwa, kenako magalimoto ali ndi madzi a luso.
7. Gawo lomaliza ndikuwongolera kwaubwino kwa msonkhano. Mu CIS, izi zimatchedwa dipatimenti yoyang'anira khalidwe, machitidwe onse a galimoto amafufuzidwa apa, ubwino ndi kudalirika kwa msonkhano zimafufuzidwa pogwiritsa ntchito makina amagetsi. Galimoto yochokera pamzere wa msonkhano imapita ku njira yapadera, kumene kuyendetsa kwachilengedwe kumalo osiyanasiyana kumapangidwira pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti zigawo zonse ndi misonkhano ikugwira ntchito.

Kuyesedwa koopsa kumachitika pakulimba kwa thupi komanso mtundu wa utoto, wotchedwa "madzi".

Kodi SKD kapena CKD imagwiritsidwa ntchito liti?

Gulu limodzi kapena lina limagwiritsidwa ntchito kawiri:

• kuchepetsa mtengo wazogulitsa zomaliza kumayiko ena ogula;
• kukulitsa malo opangira zinthu;
• kudziko losonkhanitsa, iyi ndi ntchito yatsopano komanso ndalama zina zowonjezera.

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Kodi magalimoto amasonkhanitsidwa bwanji? Zimatengera wopanga makina - aliyense ali ndi mizere yake ya msonkhano. Choyamba, chassis imasonkhanitsidwa. Kenako zigawo za thupi zimamangiriridwako. Komanso, pamene galimoto ikuyenda motsatira conveyor, mbali zonse ndi misonkhano imayikidwa mmenemo.

Kodi ndi chiyani chomwe chikuphatikizidwa mumsonkhano wagalimoto? Opanga magalimoto ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito SKD. Apa ndi pamene makina okonzeka, mayunitsi ndi machitidwe amalumikizidwa ku chassis. zida zimenezi zimaperekedwa ku malo a msonkhano m’zotengera zosiyanasiyana ndi kusanjidwa galimotoyo isanasonkhanitsidwe.

Kodi galimotoyo imasonkhanitsidwa kufakitale mpaka liti? Zimatengera zenizeni za conveyor. Toyota amathera maola 29 pa ndondomekoyi, Nissan - 29, Honda - 31, GM - 32. Koma thupi likugwirabe ntchito yayitali yopangira malata ndi kujambula, kotero msonkhano umatenga sabata imodzi mpaka mwezi.