Kodi minivan ndi chiyani?

Kuti musangalatse wogula, opanga magalimoto amapanga magalimoto okhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya thupi. Nthawi zambiri izi zimakhala zosintha apaulendo, mwachitsanzo, adiza, kukweza kapena sitima yamagalimoto.

Kwa oyendetsa galimoto omwe ali ndi banja lalikulu kapena amalonda, magalimoto sathandiza, chifukwa chake adapangidwira mtundu wapadera wa thupi - minivan. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zimasiyanitsa, momwe mungasiyanitsire ndi minibus, komanso zabwino ndi zovuta za magalimoto oterewa.

Kodi minivan ndi chiyani?

Malinga ndi kutanthauzira kwenikweni kuchokera ku Chingerezi, minivan ndi mini mini. Komabe, kufunikaku sikokwanira kuti tidziwitse thupi lamtunduwu, chifukwa anthu ena amasokoneza ndi minibus.

Magawo akulu a minivan:

• Voliyumu imodzi (yopanda hood) kapena thupi limodzi ndi theka (kusinthidwa kwa theka la hood), posachedwa pali mitundu iwiri yama voliyumu (yokhala ndi hood yathunthu);
• Mizere itatu ya mipando, okonzera lakonzedwa kuti munthu pazipita anthu 9 ndi dalaivala;
• Thupi ndilokwera kuposa la wagalimoto, koma simungayime munyumba yanyumba ngati ya basi;
• Kuyendetsa galimoto yotere, layisensi yokhala ndi gulu lotseguka "B" ndikwanira;
•  Zitseko zakumbuyo zimadalira kapena kutsetsereka.

Mu mtundu wakale, minivan ili ndi mawonekedwe opanda mawonekedwe. Zimafotokozedwa ndikuti chipinda chamagalimoto m'galimoto chimayandikira kwambiri chipinda chokwera. Chifukwa cha ichi, wopanga amalipira mawonekedwe abwino agalimoto.

Kuyendetsa galimoto yotereyi kulibe kovuta kuposa kuyendetsa wamba wamba, chifukwa chake galimotoyi imawerengedwa kuti ndiyokwera, ndipo palibe chifukwa choti mutsegule gawo lina. Ma mini ma mini ambiri amakhala ndi bonnet yoyimirira ndipo akuwoneka ngati kupitilira kwa galasi lakutsogolo. Oyamba kumene ambiri amakonda kapangidwe kameneka, popeza dalaivala amatha kuwona bwino msewu kuposa momwe alili ndizofananira.

Mbali ina ya ma minibus ndi mawonekedwe awo osintha kwambiri. Pa mitundu yambiri, mizere yakumbuyo imatha kusunthidwa pafupi ndi mzere wakutsogolo kuti ikupatseni malo okwanira katundu.

Poyerekeza ndi ma sedan, ma hatchback, magaleta oyimira masitima ndi mitundu ina yofananira, minivan ndiye yabwino kwambiri. Zipando zonyamula anthu zitha kuphatikizidwa ndi mzere umodzi, kapena amatha kukhala ndi mapangidwe osiyana ndi mipando ya mikono.

Mayendedwe amtunduwu ndi otchuka pakati pa mabanja, komanso oyendetsa taxi. Ndi makina oterewa, mutha kupanga bizinesi yaying'ono (apa malingaliro asanu ndi atatu azamalonda kwa eni magalimoto). Nthawi zambiri, makampani akuluakulu amagula magalimoto oterowo kuti ayende limodzi. Pamaulendo oyenda komanso kutuluka ndi kugona usiku, magalimoto awa ndiabwino.

Mbiri ya Minivan

Kumayambiriro kwa kulengedwa kwa minibus, magalimoto oterowo anali ndi mawonekedwe achilendo, kotero sanali otchuka kwambiri. Kukula kwa thupi lamtunduwu kumalingaliridwa kuti kumapangitsa galimoto yayikulu kwambiri.

Monocab yoyamba padziko lapansi ndi Alfa 40-60 HP Aerodinamica, galimoto yaku Italiya yozikidwa pa ALFA 40/60 HP, galimoto yamasewera yopangidwa pakati pa 1913 ndi 1922 (lero wopanga uyu amadziwika kuti Alfa Romeo).

The zinachitika wa minibasi woyamba liwiro liwiro la 139 Km / h. Kukula kwa magalimoto kudatha chifukwa cha Nkhondo Yadziko Lonse. Nkhondo itatha, chitukuko chomwe chidachitika "chidazizira" chifukwa chachitukuko chamasewera othamanga. Monocab sinalowe mndandanda chifukwa cha zolakwika zambiri (mawindo ammbali anali opangidwa ngati ma portholes, omwe adakulitsa kwambiri malo akhungu a driver).

Minivan yoyamba kwathunthu ndi American Stout Scarab. Idapangidwa kuyambira 1932 mpaka 1935. Kuchokera kumbali, galimotoyo imawoneka ngati basi yaying'ono. Mosiyana ndi magalimoto am'nthawi imeneyo, galimotoyi inali kumbuyo. Chifukwa cha izi, gawo lakumaso lidafupikitsidwa, ndipo m'chipindacho mulinso anthu sikisi.

Chifukwa cha kulengedwa kwa kapangidwe kameneka chinali chidwi chowonjezeka pakukweza mawonekedwe am'magalimoto. Wopanga galimotoyi, a William B. Stout, adayitanitsa mwana wawo wamwamuna "ofesi yoyendetsa magudumu."

Tebulo ndi mipando yochotseka idayikidwa mkati mwa galimotoyo, yomwe imatha kuzungulira madigiri 180. Izi zidapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kuyambitsa zokambirana zamabizinesi molunjika mu salon yamagalimoto.

Zinachitika china cha minivan ano ndi galimoto ya sewerolo zoweta - NAMI-013. Chitsanzocho chinali ndi masanjidwe oyendera ngolo (injiniyo sinali kutsogolo kwa galimotoyo, koma kumbuyo - malinga ndi mfundo ya Stout Scarab, ndipo mutu wokhawo wakutsogolo wa thupi udasiyanitsa driver ndi mseu). Galimotoyo idagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chithunzi ndipo idasweka mu 1954.

Wotsatira "kholo" la monocabs amakono ndi Fiat 600 Multipla. Kapangidwe ka ngoloyo kumatha kukulitsa mphamvu ya minicar ndi 50% popanda kutalikitsa thupi. Salon ili ndi mizere itatu yamipando iwiri. Development galimoto anapitiriza 1956 mpaka 1960. Ntchitoyi idatsekedwa chifukwa chazovuta zachitetezo (munjira yamagalimoto, dalaivala ndi womenyera kutsogolo satetezedwa ndi chilichonse mwadzidzidzi).

Mtundu wopambana kwambiri wokhala ndi ngolo anali Volkswagen Transporter (yopangidwa kuyambira 1950 mpaka lero) - galimoto yotchuka kwambiri m'nthawi ya hippie. Mpaka pano, chitsanzochi chikufunidwa pakati pa mafani a magalimoto ovuta.

Malinga ndi zolembedwazo, galimotoyi imawerengedwa kuti ndi yonyamula (gawo la layisensi "B" ndikwanira), koma kunja kwake ili ndi kufanana ndi minibus, ndichifukwa chake ena amati ndi m'gululi.

Mtundu wina wopambana wa minibus yaku Europe ndi Renault Espace, yomwe idayamba msonkhano mu 1984. Malinga ndi ambiri, mtunduwo umatengedwa ngati minivan yoyamba yabanja padziko lapansi.

Mofananamo, chitukuko cha kusinthidwa kwa magalimoto apaulendo chidachitika ku America. Mu 1983 adawonekera:

• Galimoto ya Dodge;
• Plymouth Voyager;
• Mzinda wa Chrysler & Dziko.

Lingaliro lidatengedwa ndi omwe akupikisana nawo - General Motors ndi Ford. Mu 1984 adawonekera:

• Chevy Astro;
• GMC Safari;
• Ford Aerostar.

Poyamba, ma minibus anali oyendetsa kumbuyo. Pang`onopang`ono, kufala analandira zonse ndi galimoto-kutsogolo gudumu. Kumayambiriro kwa ntchito yopanga, makampani ena adapulumutsidwa kubizinesi makamaka chifukwa chokhazikitsa ma minivans pamzere wopanga. Imodzi mwa makampaniwa anali woimira Big Three - Chrysler.

Poyamba, mitundu yopanga yaku America idawoneka ngati maveni ang'onoang'ono. Koma kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 90, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokhala ndi mawonekedwe apachiyambi idawonekera, chifukwa chake amasiyana kwambiri ndi anzawo ofanana ndi magalimoto ogulitsa ("mphuno" yakuthwa ndi mawonekedwe a misozi).

Mitundu ndi makulidwe

Mosiyana ndi gulu "sedan", "hatchback" "liftback", ndi zina zambiri. minivan ilibe gulu lolimba. Zina mwazosinthazi ndizosiyana:

• Kukula kwathunthu ndi kukula kwapakatikati;
• Yaying'ono;
• Mini ndi yaying'ono.

Kukula kwathunthu ndi kukula kwapakatikati

Oimira akulu kwambiri ndi am'gululi. Kutalika, amafikira kuyambira mamilimita 4 mpaka mita zisanu kapena kupitilira apo. Nthawi zambiri awa ndi mitundu yaku America, komabe, pali zosankha zoyenera pakati pa anzawo aku Europe. Mwa oimira mkalasi iyi:

• Chrysler Grand Voyager - 5175 мм.;
• Toyota Sienna - 5085 мм .;
• Renault Grand Espace - 4856 мм.;
• Honda Odyssey - 4840 mamilimita .;
• Peugeot 807 - 4727 мм.

Kukula kwake kokongola komanso chipinda chake chachikulu chimalola kuti galimotoyo igwiritsidwe ntchito pamaulendo ataliatali ndi banja lalikulu.

Yaying'ono

Kutalika kwa thupi lotere kumasiyanasiyana kuyambira 4 mpaka 200 millimeters. Nthawi zambiri makina awa amachokera papulatifomu ya oimira gofu. Magalimoto apabanja amtunduwu amadziwika kwambiri ku Europe ndi East. Sakhala ofala kwenikweni pakati pa mitundu yaku America.

Oimira mkalasi ndi awa:

• Mazda 5 - 4585 mm.;
• Volkswagen Touran - 4527 mil.;
• Zokongola za Renault - 4406 мм.

Mini ndi yaying'ono

Gulu la minivan limaphatikizapo oimira omwe ali ndi kutalika kwa thupi mpaka 4 mm. Micro van class imaphatikizapo mitundu yokhala ndi kutalika kwa thupi mpaka 100 3 mm. Mitundu yotereyi ndi yotchuka kwambiri chifukwa cha chuma chawo komanso kukula pang'ono.

Gulu laling'ono ndilofala kwambiri ku Japan, China ndi India, popeza magalimoto ochulukirapo amayamikiridwa m'malo okhala anthu ambiri, koma kanyumba kake komwe kali kotakasuka. Mwa oimira mkalasi ayimilira:

• Chery Riich - mamilimita 4040;
• Daihatsu Atrai Wagon - 3395 мм .;
• Mzinda wa Honda Acty 660 - 3255 mm.

Nthawi zina galimoto imapangidwa pamtundu wa minibus, yomwe imasokoneza mtundu wolondola wamtunduwu.

Zosankha zachilendo

Ponena za ma minibus, ambiri anganene kuti kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa magalimoto otere ndi mawonekedwe awo apachiyambi. Maonekedwe opanda pake kapena theka la hood amawoneka achilendo (poyerekeza ndi magalimoto apakatikati awiri kapena atatu).

Komabe, monga mukuwonera pachithunzipa, nthawi zina thupi lokhala ndi zowononga mlengalenga limatha kukhala lachilendo. Toyota Previa MK1 ili ndi mawonekedwe apakatikati (injini ili pansi pa chipinda chonyamula).

Yaying'ono MPV kuchokera ku Italy wopanga Fiat imawoneka yoseketsa pang'ono. Multipla model 2001-2004 inali ndimipando yoyambira - mizere iwiri ya mipando itatu.

Wapampando wapakati amawoneka ngati wa mwana kuposa munthu wamkulu wathunthu. Mwa njira, kukhazikitsidwa kwa mpandaku kunali koyenera ngati njira yolimbikitsira makolo ndi mwana kutsogolo kwa kanyumba.

Mtundu wina wapadera ndi Chevrolet Uplander, yomwe idapangidwa kuyambira 2005 mpaka 2009. Mtundu wokhala ndi mawonekedwe amthupi awiri amawoneka ngati crossover kuposa minivan.

Volkswagen yapanga minivan yachilendo. M'malo mwake, ndi hybrid ya minivan ndi galimoto yonyamula. Mtundu wa Tristar ndi wofanana ndi Transporter wamba, koma ndi thupi m'malo mwa theka la kanyumba.

Yankho loyambilira lamkati mwagalimoto linali mpando woyendetsa mozungulira komanso mpando wokwera wokwera. Gome laling'ono layalidwa pakati pawo.

Popeza chipinda chonyamula katundu chidachepetsedwa kwambiri, adaganiza zopanga pansi, pomwe zinthu zazikulu kwambiri zitha kuyikidwapo.

Njira ina yachilendo ndi Renault Espace F1 - galimoto yowonetsa kuchokera kwa wopanga waku France, wopangidwa polemekeza chikondwerero cha 10 chakapangidwe kake ndipo adakwanitsa kuti agwirizane ndi kutenga nawo mbali m'makampani achifumu. M'chipinda cha injini cha mtunduwo, injini ya V-10 yamphamvu ya Williams idayikidwa.

The minivan yowonjezera yakhala ikuyenda mpaka 100 km / h. mumasekondi 6, liwiro lalikulu kwambiri ndi ma 270 kilomita / ora, ndipo zidangotenga mamita 600 okha kuti aime kotheratu.

Ku Tokyo Motor Show mu Okutobala 2017, Toyota adavumbulutsa MPV yoyambirira yama CD awiri, TJ Cruiser. Monga tafotokozera wopanga, zofananira za TJ zimafotokozera molondola mawonekedwe - Bokosi lazida Zida "bokosi lazida" ndi "chisangalalo, chisangalalo". Galimoto imawonekeradi ngati bokosi, koma, monga wopanga adatsimikizira, galimotoyo idapangidwa kuti ipereke chisangalalo chaulendo.

Osasokonezedwa ndi minibus

Oyendetsa galimoto ena amatcha minivan minibus. Ndipotu, awa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya magalimoto, ngakhale kunja angakhale ndi mapangidwe ofanana. Pakati pa ma minibasi ndi ma minivans, pali matupi amtundu umodzi ndi awiri (gawo la boneti ndi denga kapena gawo la okwera amasiyanitsidwa).

Kuti mujambule mzere pakati pa mitundu iyi ya matupi, muyenera kukumbukira:

1. Minivan ili ndi mipando yochulukirapo 9, ndipo minibus ili ndi osachepera 10, opitilira 19;
2. Mu minibasi, mutha kuyimirira, ndipo mu minivan, mutha kukhala;
3. Minibus ndiyoyenera kuchita zamalonda, mwachitsanzo, ngati taxi kapena taxi yonyamula katundu. Minivan ndi yoyenera kunyamula anthu ochepa, mwachitsanzo, ngati kutengerapo eyapoti-hotelo-ndege;
4. Minibus imayikidwa ngati galimoto yamalonda (kuti muyiyendetse, mumafunika laisensi ya D1), ndipo minivan ndi gulu la magalimoto onyamula anthu (chilolezo B ndichokwanira).

Kwenikweni, minivan ili ndi mawonekedwe amtundu umodzi wokhala ndi hafu ya hood ndi zitseko za 4-5. Kapangidwe kameneka kamafanana ndi mtundu wokulirapo wa station wagon. Zimaphatikiza zochitika ndi mulingo wapamwamba wa chitonthozo ndi chitetezo kwa okwera onse.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa minibus

Poganizira kuti minibasi imasokoneza kwambiri pakati pa galimoto yonyamula ndi galimoto yamalonda kuposa gulu lina, ndiye kuti ilibe zabwino zokha, komanso zovuta. Ubwino wake umaphatikizaponso zabwino kuposa magalimoto akale. Zovutazo zimawonekera poyerekeza minibasi ndi minibus kapena minibus.

Ma minivans amtengo wake ndi:

• Salon yayikulu. Ngakhale ulendo wautali suli wotopetsa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chitonthozo, chomwe mtundu uwu wa thupi udapangidwira.
• Thunthu lathyathyathya. Minivan ndiyabwino pamaulendo okopa alendo. Kuphatikiza pa mamembala onse pabanjapo, galimotoyo ikwanira zinthu zonse zofunika kukhala mumzinda wamatenti kapena pachifuwa chachilengedwe.
• Ndiyamika kuthekera kopinda mzere wakumbuyo, thunthu limakulanso kawiri kapena katatu (kutengera kapangidwe ka mipando), yomwe imalola kuti galimoto igwiritsidwe ntchito kunyamula katundu.
• Galimoto ndiyothandiza chifukwa cha kuphatikiza kwakukulu kwamphamvu yayikulu ndi miyeso yaying'ono. Ndiwotchuka pakati pa amalonda ambiri, popeza palibe chifukwa chotsegulira katundu munyanja zoyang'anira mayendedwe.
• Ma minivans amtundu wapakale (wopindika) amakhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino kwambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mafuta amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina yamagalimoto okwera.
• Ngakhale anthu amtali amakhala omasuka munyumba yazanyumbayi paulendowu, ngakhale atakhala pamzere uti.
• Ma minivans ambiri amakhala osavuta kunyamula okalamba ndi olumala, chifukwa njira zoyendera nthawi zambiri sizikhala zazitali.
• Kuchokera pakuwona kwaukadaulo, galimoto imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati galimoto wamba yonyamula.

Pamodzi ndi ma station station, mtundu wamtundu uwu umalumikizidwa ndi galimoto yabanja. Nthawi zambiri, achinyamata amasankha makina otere, chifukwa amatha kukhala ndi zida zambiri zomvera komanso makanema.

Komabe, ngakhale panali maubwino angapo, "kunyengerera" pakati pa ngolo yamagalimoto ndi basi yodzaza kuli ndi zovuta zake. Mwa iwo:

• Kuyendetsa mu minivan kumakhala koyipa poyerekeza ndi station station kapena sedan. Popeza galimoto nthawi zambiri imakhala yokwera, kuwoloka kumapangitsa dalaivala kuti achepetse.
• Poyerekeza ndi basi kapena minibus yodzaza, okwera munyumba iyi siabwino kwenikweni. Mwachitsanzo, muyenera kulowa mgalimoto pang'ono wokhotakhota.
• Nthawi zambiri, mayendedwe awa amakhala ndi injini yamagetsi otsika. Chifukwa cha ichi, galimoto siyolimba ngati magalimoto ambiri okwera omwe ali ndi thupi losiyana. Popeza opanga amayang'ana kuchitapo kanthu, kuthamanga kwambiri m'galimoto sikukwera kwambiri.
• M'nyengo yozizira, mkati mwake mumatenga nthawi yayitali kuti muzitha kutentha, popeza thunthu silinasiyanitsidwe ndi gawo lalikulu lamkati.
• Ma minivans ambiri amakhala ndi kuyimitsidwa kolimbitsa kuti akhale ndi mphamvu zokwanira zokwanira kukula uku. Mukamayendetsa pama bampu, galimoto yopanda kanthu imakhala yosakhazikika komanso yosasangalatsa.
• Chifukwa choti minivan idapangidwa ngati njira ina m'malo mwa minibus kapena van, siyabwino kugwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku ngati galimoto yayikulu.
• Mitundu yonse yayikulu komanso yayikulu sikovuta kuyang'anira, makamaka m'mizinda yomwe pamakhala magalimoto ambiri.

Monga mukuwonera, minivan ndi yankho labwino pamaulendo ataliatali apabanja, maphwando achichepere osangalatsa, maulendo amakampani ndi zochitika zina momwe galimoto kapena minibus ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Mtundu uwu wa thupi ndi njira yosankhira ndalama zamagalimoto ogulitsa.

Mafano Otchuka

Ma minivans ndi otchuka pakati pa oyendetsa omwe ali ndi banja lalikulu. Chifukwa chakuchita kwake, thupi lamtunduwu likugonjetsa msika molimba mtima, monga crossovers.

Maminivani apabanja abwino kwambiri amaphatikizapo mitundu iyi:

• Moyo wa Opel Zafira;
• Toyota Alphard;
• Toyota Venza;
• Mercedes-Benz Vito (V-Maphunziro);
• Volkswagen Multivan T6;
• Volkswagen Touran;
• Ulendo wa SsangYong Korando;
• Peugeot Woyenda;
• Citroën C4 Grand Picasso;
• Renault Scenic.

Kanema pa mutuwo

Pomaliza, onerani kanema wachidule wonena za minivans zokongola komanso zokongola:

Ma Minivan Opambana Padziko Lonse

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Ndi magalimoto ati omwe ali m'gulu la minivan? Minivan nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mtundu wamtundu umodzi kapena magawo awiri (hood imawonekera bwino kuchokera padenga kapena mwachiwonekere ndi gawo la kapangidwe).

Kodi mu minivan muli mipando ingati? Kutha kwa galimoto ya kalasi iyi ndi anthu asanu ndi anayi pamodzi ndi dalaivala. Ngati pali mipando yopitilira 8 m'galimoto, ndiye kuti iyi ndi minibus kale.

N'chifukwa chiyani minivan imatchedwa? Kwenikweni kuchokera ku Chingerezi (Minivan) amamasulira ngati mini van. Nthawi zambiri magalimoto oterowo amakhala ndi voliyumu imodzi ndi theka (kanyumba kakang'ono, ndipo injiniyo imayikidwanso mu kanyumba).