0 Khalidwe (1)
Magalimoto,  nkhani

Kodi zotembenuka, zabwino ndi zoyipa ndi ziti?

Mwa oyendetsa magalimoto, zotembenuka zimawonedwa ngati mtundu woyambirira komanso wokongola kwambiri wa thupi. Magalimotowa ali ndi mafani ambiri omwe ali okonzeka kunyengerera kuti akhale ndi galimoto yapaderadera m'kalasi yawo.

Ganizirani zotembenuka, mitundu ndi chiyani, ndipo zabwino ndi zovuta za magalimoto oterewa ndi ati.

Kodi chosintha ndi chiyani?

Thupi la "wotembenuka" ndilotchuka kwambiri kotero kuti lero ndizovuta kupeza woyendetsa galimoto amene samatha kufotokoza mtundu wagalimoto. Magalimoto m'gululi amakhala ndi denga lokhazikika.

1 Kabati (1)

Kutengera mtundu wamagalimoto, pamwamba pamatha kukhala mawonekedwe awiri:

  • Kapangidwe kotsamira. Pazida zotere, opanga amapatula malo ofunikira mu thunthu kapena pakati pa mzere wakumbuyo ndi thunthu. Pamwamba pa magalimoto otere nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi nsalu, chifukwa pakadali pano zimatenga malo ochepa mumtengo kuposa mnzake wolimba wazitsulo. Chitsanzo cha zomangamanga zotere ndi Audi S3 Convertible.2Audi S3 Kabati (1)
  • Denga lochotseka. Izi zitha kukhalanso awning wofewa kapena wolimba kwathunthu. Mmodzi mwa oimira m'gululi ndi Ford Thunderbird.3 Ford Thunderbird (1)

M'masamba ofala kwambiri (atatsamira nsalu pamwamba), denga limapangidwa ndi cholimba, chofewa chomwe sichiwopa kusintha kwa kutentha ndikusungunuka pafupipafupi. Kuti chinsalucho chilimbane ndi chinyezi kwa nthawi yayitali, imaphatikizidwa ndi chida chapadera chomwe sichitha zaka zambiri.

Poyamba, makina odulira padenga amafunikira chidwi cha eni galimoto. Amayenera kukweza kapena kutsitsa pamwamba yekha ndikukonza. Mitundu yamakono ili ndi magetsi. Izi zimathamanga kwambiri ndikuthandizira njirayi. M'mitundu ina, zimangotenga pang'ono pang'ono masekondi 10. Mwachitsanzo, denga la Mazda MX-5 limapinda m'masekondi 11,7 ndikukwera masekondi 12,8.

4 Mazda MX-5 (1)

Denga lokweranso limafuna malo ena. Kutengera mtundu wamagalimoto, imabisala mchipinda cha thunthu (pamwamba pa voliyumu yayikulu kuti mutha kuyikamo katundu) kapena malo ena apakati omwe amakhala pakati pamipando yazipupa ndi khoma la thunthu.

Pankhani ya Citroen C3 Pluriel, wopanga waku France adapanga makina kuti denga libisike mumtengo pansi pa thunthu. Kuti galimoto iwoneke ngati yotembenuka yachikale, osati ngati galimoto yokhala ndi denga, ma archeswo amayenera kugwetsedwa ndi dzanja. Mtundu wa wopanga woyendetsa galimoto.

5Citroen C3 Zambiri (1)

Opanga ena amafupikitsa kanyumbako kuti amasule malo oyenera, ndikusandutsa zitseko zinayi kukhala chitseko chazipata ziwiri. M'magalimoto oterewa, mzere wakumbuyo ndiwachibwana kuposa wamkulu, kapena kulibe. Komabe, palinso mitundu yayitali, yomwe mkati mwake ndi yotakata okwera onse, ndipo thupi lili ndi zitseko zinayi.

M'masinthidwe amakono, denga lakumtunda lomwe limapinda pachikuto cha buti, ngati hood ya jekete, silofala. Chitsanzo cha izi ndi Volkswagen Beetle Cabriolet.

6Volkswagen Beetle Convertible (1)

Monga kutsanzira bajeti yosinthira, thupi lolimba limapangidwa. Makhalidwe a kusinthaku akufotokozedwa m'nkhani yapadera... Pakusintha kosinthika-kolimba, denga silimapinda, koma limachotsedwa kwathunthu momwe limakhalira pagalimoto. Kuti paulendowu isaphulike ndi mphepo yamphamvu, imakonzedwa mothandizidwa ndi zomangira zapadera kapena zomangira.

Mbiri yosintha ya thupi

Kutembenuka kumatengedwa ngati mtundu woyamba wamagalimoto. Ngolo yopanda denga - ndi momwe ma ngolo okwera pamahatchi amawonekera, ndipo ndi anthu apamwamba okha omwe angakwanitse kunyamula ndi kanyumba.

Pogwiritsa ntchito injini yoyaka mkati, magalimoto oyamba omwe anali okha anali ofanana kwambiri ndi magalimoto otseguka. Kholo la banja la magalimoto okhala ndi ma injini oyaka mkati anali Benz Patent-Motorwagen. Inamangidwa ndi Karl Benz mu 1885 ndipo idalandira patent mu 1886. Ankawoneka ngati ngolo yamagalimoto atatu.

7Benz Patent Motor Car (1)

Galimoto yoyamba yaku Russia yomwe idapanga kupanga zambiri inali "Car of Frese ndi Yakovlev", yowonetsedwa mu 1896.

Pakadali pano, sizikudziwika kuti ndi makope angati omwe adapangidwa, komabe, monga tingawonere pachithunzichi, ichi ndichotembenuka chenicheni, denga lake litha kutsitsidwa kuti musangalale ndiulendo wopita kudera lakutali.

8FrezeJacovlev (1)

Mu theka lachiwiri la ma 1920, opanga magalimoto adazindikira kuti magalimoto otsekedwa anali othandiza komanso otetezeka. Poganizira izi, mitundu yokhala ndi denga lolimba idawonekera pafupipafupi.

Ngakhale otembenuka akupitilizabe kukhala ndi njira yayikulu yopangira, pofika zaka za m'ma 30s, oyendetsa magalimoto nthawi zambiri amasankha nyumba zazitsulo zonse. Pa nthawi imeneyo, panali mitundu yotchedwa Peugeot 402 Eclipse. Awa anali magalimoto okhala ndi denga lolimba lolimba. Komabe, njira zake sizinali zabwino, chifukwa nthawi zambiri zimalephera.

9Peugeot 402 Eclipse (1)

Nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse itayambika, magalimoto okongola anali atayiwalika. Mwamsanga pamene mtendere unabwezeretsedwa, anthu anafunika magalimoto odalirika komanso othandiza, kotero panalibe nthawi yopanga njira zapamwamba zopindulira.

Chifukwa chachikulu chotsika kwa kutchuka kwa otembenuka mtima chinali kapangidwe kolimba ka anzawo otsekedwa. Pamatumphu akulu ndi ngozi zazing'onoting'ono, thupi limakhalabe lolimba, zomwe sizinganenedwe pazosinthidwa popanda ma racks ndi denga lolimba.

Woyamba kutembenuka waku America wokhala ndi cholembera cholimba anali Ford Fairline 500 Skyliner, yopangidwa kuyambira 1957 mpaka 1959. Malo okhala anthu asanu ndi mmodzi anali ndi makina otsogola othamangitsira omwe amangopindirana denga ndi thunthu lalikulu.

10Ford Fairline 500 Skyliner (1)

Chifukwa zolakwa zambiri, galimoto ngati sanalowe m'malo anzawo onse zitsulo. Denga limayenera kukonzedwa m'malo ambiri, komabe izi zimangopangitsa kuwoneka kwa galimoto yotsekedwa. Magalimoto asanu ndi awiri amagetsi anali ocheperako kotero kuti ntchito yakukweza / kutsitsa denga idatenga pafupifupi mphindi ziwiri.

Chifukwa chakupezeka kwa ziwalo zina zowonjezera komanso thupi lokwanira, mtengo wosinthika umakhala wopitilira sedan yotsekedwa yofananira. Kuphatikiza apo, galimoto yosinthidwayo inali yolemera makilogalamu 200 kuposa mnzake yemwe anali wotchuka kwambiri.

Pofika zaka zapakati pa 60s, chidwi cha omwe amasinthidwa chimachepa kwambiri. Zinali zosintha pamwamba pa Lincoln Continental zomwe zidapangitsa kuti kosavutikira kuphedwa kwa a John F. Kennedy mu 1963.

11 Lincoln Continental (1)

Mtundu wamtundu uwu udayamba kutchuka mu 1996. Only tsopano anali kale kusinthidwa yekha sedans kapena coupes.

Maonekedwe ndi kapangidwe ka thupi

M'masinthidwe amakono, otembenuka si magalimoto opangidwa mwapadera, koma kukweza kwamtundu womalizidwa kale. Nthawi zambiri ndi sedan, coupe kapena hatchback.

chosinthika

Denga lazinthu zotere limakulungidwa, nthawi zambiri limachotsedwa. Kusintha kofala kwambiri kumakhala kofewa. Imapinda mwachangu, imatenga malo ochepa ndipo imalemera kwambiri kuposa mtundu wachitsulo. M'makina ambiri, makina onyamula amangogwira ntchito modutsa - ingodinani batani ndipo pamwamba pake papindidwe kapena kutambasulidwa.

Popeza kupindika / kutsegula padenga kumapangitsa seyara, mitundu yambiri ili ndi makina otsekera poyendetsa. Zina mwa magalimoto amenewa ndi Mercedes-Benz SL.

12 Mercedes-Benz SL (1)

Opanga ena amaika makina oterewa omwe amalola kuti driver azikweza pamwamba poyendetsa. Kuti yambitsa makina, liwiro pazipita galimoto ayenera kukhala 40-50 Km / h, monga Mwachitsanzo, mu Porsche Boxster.

13 Porsche Boxster (1)

Palinso machitidwe amachitidwe. Poterepa, mwiniwake wa galimoto amayenera kukhazikitsa njira yolowera yokha. Pali mitundu ingapo ya zosankha izi. Ena amafunika kuti awonongeke ndikupindidwa kuti apange niche yopangidwa mwapadera, pomwe ena amagwira ntchito chimodzimodzi ndi zodziwikiratu, koma alibe magetsi.

Kusintha kofala kwambiri ndi magalimoto ofewa, koma palinso mitundu yolimba kwambiri. Chifukwa chakuti gawo lakumtunda liyenera kukhala lolimba (ndizovuta kupanga msoko wosindikiza bwino pamalumikizidwe), payenera kukhala malo okwanira m thunthu. Poona izi, magalimoto oterewa amapangidwa ngati chitseko chazitseko ziwiri.

Pakati pa madenga amenewa palinso mitundu yoyambirira, mwachitsanzo, kupambana ndi izi kudapangidwa ndi kampani ya Savage Rivale. M'galimoto yamasewera ya Dutch Roadyacht GTS, denga lopindalo ndilolimba, koma chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake kapadera, silitenga malo ambiri m thunthu.

14Savage Rival Road Yacht GTS (1)

Pamwambapa pagalimoto pamakhala magawo 8, gawo lililonse limayikidwa njanji yapakati.

Mitundu ya thupi losandulika

Mitundu yodziwika bwino kwambiri yamatekinoloje ndi ma sedans (zitseko 4) ndi ma coupes (zitseko ziwiri), koma palinso zosankha zina, zomwe ambiri amazitcha zosintha:

  • Msewu;
  • Speedster;
  • Phaeton;
  • Landau;
  • Targa.

Kusiyana pakati pamitundu yosandulika ndi yofananira

Monga tanenera kale, otembenuka ndi kusinthidwa kwa mtundu wina wamisewu, mwachitsanzo, sedan. Komabe, pali mitundu yomwe imawoneka ngati yosandulika, koma ndimagawo ena omanga.

Roadster ndikusandulika

Tanthauzo la "roadster" lero silimveka bwino - galimoto yamipando iwiri yokhala ndi denga lochotsedwapo. Zambiri pazokhudza mtundu wamtunduwu zafotokozedwa apa... Opanga nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mawuwa ngati dzina lamalonda la mipando iwiri yosinthika.

15 Chingwe (1)

Mu mtundu wachikale, awa anali magalimoto amasewera okhala ndi kapangidwe koyambirira. Mbali yakutsogolo mwa iwo imakulitsa ndikuwoneka bwino. Thunthu ndi laling'ono, ndipo ikamatera ndiyotsika kwambiri. M'nthawi ya nkhondo isanachitike, linali mtundu wina wa thupi. Oyimira odziwika a kalasiyi ndi awa:

  • Allard J2;16Allard J2 (1)
  • AC Cobra;17AC Njoka (1)
  • Honda S2000;18Honda S2000 (1)
  • Porsche Boxster;19 Porsche Boxster (1)
  • BMW Z4.20BMW Z4 (1)

Speedster ndikusintha

Mtundu wocheperako wa roadster amadziwika kuti ndiwothamanga. Ili ndi gawo lina lamagalimoto mumasewera othamanga. Pakati pa othamanga sipangokhala awiri okha, komanso mitundu ingapo.

Magalimotowa alibe denga konse. Kumayambiriro kwa mpikisano wamagalimoto, othamanga anali otchuka kwambiri chifukwa choti anali opepuka momwe angathere pa liwiro la liwiro. Mmodzi mwa othamanga kwambiri anali Porsche 550 A Spyder.

21Porsche 550 A Spyder (1)

Zenera lakutsogolo lamagalimoto amasewera otere silimanyalanyazidwa, ndipo zoyikapo nthawi zambiri sizimakhalapo. Popeza m'mphepete mwake pazenera lakumaso ndilotsika kwambiri, ndizosatheka kuyika denga pagalimoto yotere - woyendetsa adzapumitsa mutu wake.

Masiku ano, othamanga kwambiri samapangidwa kawirikawiri chifukwa chochepa ntchito. Yemwe akuyimira kalasiyi ndi Mazda MX-5 Superlight show car.

22Mazda MX-5 Kuwala Kwambiri (1)

Muthabe kukweza pamwamba pa ena othamanga, koma izi zimafunikira bokosili mpaka theka la ora.

Phaeton ndikusandulika

Mtundu wina wamagalimoto otseguka ndi phaeton. Mitundu yoyamba inali yofanana kwambiri ndi ma ngolo, momwe denga limatha kutsitsidwa. Mukusintha kwa thupi ili, palibe zipilala za B, ndipo mawindo ammbali amatha kuchotsedwa kapena kulibe.

23 Phaeton (1)

Popeza kusinthaku kudasinthidwa pang'onopang'ono ndi otembenuka (magalimoto wamba okhala ndi denga lopindidwa), ma phaeton adasamukira ku mtundu wina wa thupi, wopangidwira kutonthoza owonjezera okwera kumbuyo. Kuonjezera kulimba kwa thupi kutsogolo kwa mzere wakumbuyo, gawo lina linayikidwa, ngati ma limousines, pomwe nthawi zina galasi lina limakwera.

Woimira womaliza wa phaeton wakale ndi Chrysler Imperial Parade Phaeton, yotulutsidwa mu 1952 m'makope atatu.

24 Chrysler Imperial Parade Phaeton (1)

M'mabuku aku Soviet Union, mawuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto ankhondo omwe anali panjira ndi denga lazitali komanso opanda mawindo ammbali (nthawi zina, adasokeredwa mu polo). Chitsanzo cha galimoto yotere ndi GAZ-69.

25GAZ-69 (1)

Landau ndi wotembenuka

Mwina chinthu chosinthika kwambiri ndi chosakanizidwa pakati pa wamkulu sedan ndi wotembenuka. Kutsogolo kwa denga kumakhala kolimba, ndipo pamwamba pa okwera kumbuyo, imakwera ndikugwa.

26Lexus LS600hl (1)

Mmodzi mwa oimira galimoto yapadera ndi Lexus LS600h. Makinawa adapangidwira ukwati wa Prince Albert II waku Monaco ndi Princess Charlene. M'malo mochotsereka pang'ono, mzere wakumbuyo udakutidwa ndi polycarbonate yowonekera.

Targa ndikusandulika

Mtundu uwu wa thupi ulinso mtundu wa roadster. Chachikulu kusiyana kwa icho ndi kupezeka kwa malo achitetezo kumbuyo kwa mipando. Imaikidwiratu ndipo sichingachotsedwe. Chifukwa cha dongosolo lolimba, opanga adatha kukhazikitsa zenera lakumbuyo m'galimoto.

27 Mlongo (1)

Chifukwa cha kusinthaku kunali kuyesa kwa US Transportation department (m'ma 1970) kuletsa otembenuka mtima komanso oyenda pamisewu chifukwa chachitetezo chonyentchera akamathamangitsa magalimoto.

Masiku ano, zotembenuka mwanjira zachikale zimakhala ndi chimango cholimba cha mphepo (ndipo m'mipando yokhala mipando iwiri, mipando yachitetezo imayikidwa kuseri kwa mipando ya woyendetsa ndi wokwera), yomwe imaloleza kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Denga lokwera limachotsedwa kapena limasunthika. Mtundu wotchuka kwambiri mthupi lino ndi Porsche 911 Targa.

28Porsche 911 Targa (1)

Nthawi zina pamakhala zosankha ndi mtengo wa kotenga nthawi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi likhale lolimba. Pachifukwa ichi, denga limakhala ndi magawo awiri ochotseka. Galimoto yaku Japan Nissan 300ZX ndi m'modzi mwa oimira subspecies.

29Nissan 300ZX (1)

Ubwino ndi zovuta za otembenuka

Poyamba, magalimoto onse anali opanda denga kapena okhala ndi chitsulo chosunthira mwachisawawa. Masiku ano, kutembenuka kumangokhala chinthu chamtengo wapatali kuposa chofunikira. Pachifukwa ichi anthu ambiri amasankha mayendedwe amtunduwu.

30Krasivyj Cabriolet (1)

Nazi zina mwazinthu zabwino za thupi lamtunduwu:

  • Kuwoneka bwino kwambiri ndi mawanga ochepa akhungu kwa dalaivala padenga likakhala pansi;
  • Kapangidwe koyambirira kamene kamapangitsa mtundu wamagalimoto wodziwika bwino kukhala wokongola. Ena amanyalanyaza kuchepa kwa injini, kuti angokhala ndi galimoto yopangidwa mwapadera;31Krasivyj Cabriolet (1)
  • Ndi hardtop, ma aerodynamics omwe ali mgalimoto amafanana ndi anzawo azitsulo zonse.

Thupi la "wotembenuka" limapereka ulemu kwa kalembedwe kuposa momwe lingachitikire. Musanasankhe galimoto yotseguka ngati galimoto yayikulu, ndibwino kuti muganizire zaubwino wake, komanso zovuta zake, ndipo m'thupi lino mumakwanira:

  • Galimoto ikagwiritsidwa ntchito yopanda denga, fumbi lambiri limawonekera m'nyumbayo kuposa ena otsekedwa, ndipo ikayimirira, zinthu zakunja (miyala yochokera pansi pamavili a magalimoto odutsa kapena zinyalala zochokera pagalimoto yamagalimoto) zimalowa mosavuta mu kanyumba;32Gryaznyj Cabriolet (1)
  • Kupititsa patsogolo bata, chifukwa cha kuchepa mphamvu, magalimoto otere amakhala olemera, omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mafuta poyerekeza ndi magalimoto wamba amtundu womwewo;
  • M'masinthidwe okhala ndi zofewa pamwamba, kuzizira kwambiri kukwera m'nyengo yozizira, ngakhale m'mitundu yamitundu awning ili ndi chisindikizo chofunikira kutchinjiriza kwamatenthedwe;
  • Vuto lina la denga lofewa ndiloti limatha kukhala lauve pomwe dalaivala wosasamala amadutsa pagalimoto yoyimilira pamatope. Nthawi zina mawanga amakhalabe pazenera (zinthu zamafuta zimatha kupezeka mchithaphwi, kapena mbalame youluka imasankha "kuyika malire" madera ake). Poplar fluff nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuchotsa padenga osasamba;33Kuipa kwa Convertible (1)
  • Muyenera kukhala osamala makamaka posankha zotembenuka kumsika wachiwiri - denga limatha kuwonongeka kale kapena pafupi kuwonongeka;
  • Chitetezo chofooka kwa owononga, makamaka ngati chapamwamba. Mpeni wawung'ono ndikokwanira kuti uwononge chinsalu;34Porez Kryshi (1)
  • Patsiku lotentha kwambiri, madalaivala nthawi zambiri amakweza padenga, chifukwa ngakhale liwiro limawotcha kwambiri pamutu, pomwe mutha kukwapulidwa ndi dzuwa. Vuto lomweli limapezeka m'mizinda ikuluikulu pomwe dalaivala amakakamira pamsewu kapena pamsewu. Aliyense amadziwa kuti kufalikira kwa cheza cha ultraviolet sikutsekedwa ndi mitambo, chifukwa chake nthawi yotentha, ngakhale kukuchita mitambo, mutha kutentha. Galimoto ikamayenda pang'onopang'ono "m'nkhalango" yamatawuni, mkati mwa galimoto nthawi zambiri mumakhala kutentha kwambiri (chifukwa cha phula lotentha komanso magalimoto akusuta pafupi). Zochitika ngati izi zimakakamiza oyendetsa kukweza denga ndikutsegula chowongolera mpweya;
  • Dongosolo lokulunga padenga ndilo mutu wofala kwambiri kwa onse okhala ndi magalimoto apamwamba. Kwa zaka zambiri, apempha kuti m'malo mwa ziwalo zina zisinthidwe, zomwe zithandizadi ndalama. Izi ndizowona makamaka pamachitidwe omwe ali ndi ma hydraulic kapena magetsi.

Zachidziwikire, mavuto amtunduwu sangathetse chikondi chenicheni. Amasamalira galimoto yawo, choncho galimotoyo izikhala yokongola komanso yothandiza. Tsoka ilo, chodabwitsa choterechi sichimapezeka mumsika wachiwiri, chifukwa chake, posankha chosinthira chomwe chidagwiritsidwa ntchito, muyenera kukhala okonzekera "zodabwitsa".

Kodi mutha kuyendetsa galimoto ndi denga pansi mvula?

Limodzi mwamafunso omwe amafunsidwa pafupipafupi okhudza otembenuka ndi omwe mungathe kukwera pamwamba mpaka kunyengo yamvula? Kuti tiyankhe, pali zinthu ziwiri zofunika kuzikumbukira:

  • Galimoto iyenera kuyenda pang'onopang'ono. Chifukwa chakusiyana kwa kapangidwe ka thupi, mawonekedwe amomwe amagwirira ntchito mgalimoto amasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, kwa BMW Z4, liwiro lochepa pomwe mvula yochepa sikutanthauza kukweza denga ndi pafupifupi 60 km / h; kwa Mazda MX5 malowa akuchokera ku 70 km / h, komanso kwa Mercedes SL - 55 km / h.35Aerodynamics Convertible (1)
  • Ndizothandiza kwambiri ngati njira yolumikizira ingagwire ntchito ndi galimoto yosuntha. Mwachitsanzo, Mazda MX-5 ili pamalo othina ndipo ikuyenda mzere wachiwiri. Denga lachitsanzo limangokwera galimoto ikangoyima. Mvula ikayamba kugwa, dalaivala amayenera kuyimilira kwathunthu kwa masekondi 12 ndikumvetsera zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa mu adilesi yake, kapena kunyowa mgalimoto, kuyesera kupita kumsewu wopita kumanja ndikufunafuna malo oyimikapo magalimoto.

Chifukwa chake, nthawi zina, zotembenuka zimakhala zosasinthika - pomwe dalaivala adaganiza zokonzekera ulendo wosaiwalika wachikondi cha mnzake wina wamkulu. Pazotheka, ndibwino kusankha mtundu wokhala wolimba.

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Dzina la galimoto yokhala ndi denga lotseguka ndi chiyani? Chitsanzo chilichonse chomwe chilibe denga chimatchedwa chosinthika. Pankhaniyi, denga likhoza kukhala kulibe kwathunthu kuchokera ku galasi lakutsogolo kupita ku thunthu, kapena pang'ono, monga mu thupi la Targa.

Kodi chosinthika chabwino kwambiri ndi chiani? Zonse zimadalira makhalidwe omwe wogula amayembekezera. Mtundu wapamwamba kwambiri ndi 8 Aston Martin V2012 Vantage Roadster. Galimoto yamasewera otseguka - Ferrari 458 Spider (2012).

Dzina lagalimoto yotsegula pamwamba ndi chiyani? Ngati tilankhula za kusinthidwa kwa chitsanzo chokhazikika, ndiye kuti chidzakhala chosinthika. Koma masewera galimoto ndi denga retractable, koma popanda mazenera mbali, ichi ndi speedster.

Ndemanga imodzi

  • Stanislav

    Sizikunenedwa momwe mphamvu ndi kukhwima kwa thupi losinthira popinda ndikuwongolera zimatsimikizika poyerekeza ndi coupe.

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