Kodi immobilizer mgalimoto ndi chiyani?

Chimodzi mwazofunikira za inshuwaransi yamagalimoto m'makampani ena ndikupezeka kwa immobilizer mgalimoto. Nthawi zina mwini wagalimoto sangadziwe kuti chipangizochi chilipo mgalimoto yake.

IMMO ndi chiyani? Cholinga chake ndi chiyani ndipo chimagwira bwanji?

Kodi immobilizer ndi chiyani

Awa ndi makina amagetsi omwe amalepheretsa injini kuyendetsa, ndikupangitsa kuti iime kapena isayambe. Immobilizer imakhala ndi zinthu zingapo:

• fob yofunika;
• Control chipika;
• magetsi dera baka ichidachi.

Kutengera ndi kusinthidwa kwa chipangizocho, imatha kukhala ndi imodzi kapena zingapo zotumizira ulendo.

Mitundu yonse imagawidwa m'mitundu ingapo.

• Lumikizanani ndi osalumikizana. Khodi yokhazikitsira mphamvu imawerengedwa kutali, kapena mwa kukhudzana ndi thupi (mwachitsanzo, chojambulira chala).
• Zokhazikika komanso zowonjezera. Zina zimayikidwa mufakita, zina m'malo operekera mautumiki.

Kodi immobilizer ndi chiyani?

Kutengera kutanthauzira kuchokera ku Chingerezi, cholinga cha chipangizocho ndikuchepetsa mphamvu yamagetsi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera cha anti-kuba system. Ntchito yayikulu ndikudula magetsi pamagetsi oyatsira ndi zina zamagawo amagetsi.

Zipangizo zimakhala ndi zotumphukira zoyambira, pampu yamafuta kapena koyilo loyatsira. Kutengera ndi kusinthaku, atha kulepheretsa kuti mota iyambe kapena kuzimitsa patangopita nthawi yochepa.

Momwe immobilizer imagwirira ntchito

IMMO imagwira ntchito molingana ndi mfundo zotsatirazi: kompyuta yamagalimoto imakonzedwa kuti ipatse mphamvu yamagetsi yamagulu aliwonse pamaso pa lamulo kuchokera ku immobilizer.

Gawo loyang'anira zida zachitetezo liyenera kupeza nambala yolumikizira kuchokera kwa mwini galimoto. Kutengera mtunduwo, izi zitha kukhala:

• chizindikiro kuchokera pa chip chomangidwa mu fungulo loyatsira;
• khadi yofunika yomwe ili pamtunda wovomerezeka kuchokera kwa wowerenga code;
• kuphatikiza kwa mawonekedwe pazowongolera;
• zala za eni.

Magawo awa amalowa mu pulogalamu ya pulogalamuyo ikakonzedwa. Ngati deta yolandilidwa ndi gawo loyang'anira ndi zoyikiratu zoyambilira, makina a ECU amalandira chizindikiritso choyambitsa injini. Pankhani ya kusinthidwa kwa IMMO muyezo, gawo loyendetsa lokha limatseketsa kutseka kwa magetsi komwe amalumikizidwa.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati gawo loyang'anira ma immobilizer likalandira nambala yolakwika? Nazi njira (kutengera kusintha):

• mphamvu yamagalimoto iyatsa, koma injini siyiyamba pomwe kiyi watsegulira loko;
• woyang'anira wamagetsi wamagalimoto alandila chizindikiritso, koma galimoto ikangoyamba kuyenda, injini yoyaka yamkati izizimitsa
• Makina a ECU ayamba injini, koma pakapita nthawi chipangizocho chimapereka chizindikiritso chazimitsa magetsi.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani mukapeza pomwe choyimitsira chimayikidwa ndikuchilekanitsa ndi makina? Injiniyo siyiyambabe, popeza njira yolimbana ndi kuba imalumikizidwa ndi ECU yagalimoto. Zamagetsi zamagalimoto sizingalandire lamulo loyenera, ngakhale mutayesa kuyimitsa galimoto potseka olumikizanawo.

Kanema wotsatira akuwonetsa momwe mungayikitsire izi:

Dzipangeni nokha Kukhazikitsa kwa immobilizer kuchokera kwa Sergey Zaitsev

Kodi immobilizer amapangidwa ndi chiyani?

Chofunikira kwambiri cha immobilizer ndi ECU yake ("ubongo"), yomwe imapangidwa mosiyana ndi gulu loyang'anira zamagetsi, lomwe limayang'anira kusindikiza ma sign kuchokera kumawayilesi onse. Immobilizer ECU imakhazikitsidwa ndi ma microcircuit omwe adapangidwa kuti apange ma algorithms ena.

Kuphatikiza pa ma algorithms awa (amathandizira chitetezo china ku kuba - zida zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi zawo), microprocessor firmware imakhalanso ndi nambala yosinthana. Makonzedwewa amalola kuti chipangizocho chizindikire kiyi yagalimoto pomwe ili pafupi ndi wolandirayo. Zambiri zochokera kumakiyi zimawerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito koyilo yapadera yomwe ili mgawo lomwelo lolamulira.

Gawo lachiwiri la immobilizer ndi ma blockers. Zowonjezera zamagetsi zimaphatikizidwa pakupanga kwa aliyense wothandizira. Amayikidwa pakatikati pa ma magetsi osiyanasiyana agalimoto, kuyambira poyatsira poyatsira ndikumaliza ndi kutsegula mabuleki. Zonse zimatengera mtundu wa chipangizocho ndikuyika.

Chizindikiro chamagetsi kuchokera pagawo loyang'anira chimatumizidwa kuzida zilizonse zosinthira, chifukwa choti dera loyenda limasweka kapena, m'malo mwake, limalumikizidwa. Zosintha zina za ma blockers zimatha kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito amagetsi osagwiritsa ntchito magetsi.

Chinthu chachitatu chofunikira kwambiri cha cholepheretsa chilichonse ndi transponder. Ichi ndi chip chojambulidwa chomwe chimakwanira thupi la kiyi wagalimoto. Nambala yomwe imatumizidwa ndi transponder ndiyapadera, ndipo microprocessor yoyang'anira idakonzedweratu. Ngati pali kiyi kuchokera pagalimoto ina pamayendedwe olandila, a ECU sangatumize malamulo kwa oyendetsa, popeza Transponder iyi ikufalitsa chizindikiritso chosayenera.

Momwe mungaletsere immobilizer

Popeza chipangizocho sichimangotseka chitseko chagalimoto, koma chimamangidwa munjira yamagalimoto yovuta, sikophweka kuyimitsa. Wina amaganiza kuti ndikwanira kudula zingwe zofunikira ndipo ndi zomwezo. M'malo mwake, mpaka makinawo atalandira lamulo lolondola, makinawo adzatsekedwa.

Uwu ndiye mwayi waukulu wa ma immobilizers. Ngati waya amangodulidwa, chipangizocho chimamasulira izi ngati njira yowakhadzula, ndipo chimayamba kutsekereza kapena sichichokamo. Mitundu yambiri imatsekera galimotoyo mosavuta, chifukwa chake ndizowopsa kusiya galimoto yopanda chinsinsi.

Mutha kuzimitsa immobilizer nokha, mosiyana ndi kulumikizana. Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zingapo za njirayi. Chimodzi mwa izo ndikutaya kiyi. Nthawi zina makina oyang'anira zida amalephera, omwe amathanso kukhala chifukwa chotseka.

Tisanalingalire momwe tingazimitsire choperekera mphamvu, ndikofunikira kukumbukira: mtundu uliwonse uli ndi mfundo zake zogwirira ntchito, ndipo nthawi yomweyo njira yotseka yopanda ululu. Ngati njirayi isatsatidwe moyenera, zamagetsi zamakina zimatha kuwonongeka kwambiri.

Ngati chitsanzocho chimapereka chikhomo cholowera, ndiye kuti makiyi atayika, kuti atsegule chipangizocho, ndikwanira kuti mulowetse nambala yolingana. Ngati kiyi watsopano wagulidwa, immobilizer iyenera kuyatsidwa kachiwiri. Ngati muli ndi kiyi wosungira, muyenera kuchotsa chip kuchokera mmenemo ndikuchikonza pafupi ndi tinyanga tating'onoting'ono.

 Pakalibe chip, uyenera kugula chosankhira chapadera. Komabe, izi zikufanana ndi kubera, komwe kumatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi olanda, ndichifukwa chake opanga zoteteza magalimoto amayesetsa kupewa izi.

Njira yotetezeka kwambiri yothanitsira chopewacho ndi kulumikizana ndi wopanga zida (ngati chitetezo chadzidzidzi chidayikidwa) kapena kwaogulitsa magalimoto (ngati pali choletsa muyezo). Izi, zachidziwikire, zidzafunika kuwononga nthawi ndi ndalama, koma kuchotsa kapena kubwezeretsanso chipangizocho.

Ngati palibe chikhumbo chofuna kuthera nthawi yochulukirapo komanso kuyesetsa, ndiye kuti oyendetsa galimoto ena amagwiritsa ntchito otchedwa emulator. Chipangizocho chimadutsa chitetezo cha immobilizer ndikupanga siginolo, yomwe imadziwika ndi gulu loyang'anira. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zotere kumaloledwa kokha mwakufuna kwanu.

Mitundu ya immobilizer

Masiku ano, opanga apanga mitundu yambiri yamagetsi, yomwe imakulitsa mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito pagalimoto zosiyanasiyana. Nazi zina mwazinthu za izi.

OEM immobilizers

Mtundu uwu wa chipangizocho umayikidwa mgalimoto pa lamba wonyamula. Zamagetsi zamagalimoto zimagwira ntchito ndi chizindikiro chofananira kuchokera pagawo lachitetezo. Ma immobilizers otere ndi ovuta kwambiri kudzimasulira wekha popanda maluso ndi chidziwitso choyenera.

Chigawo cha chipangizocho chimaphatikizapo gawo lamagetsi, tinyanga ndi fungulo lokhala ndi chip. Transponder yokha, yoyikidwa m'thupi lofunikira, safuna batiri, popeza mfundo yogwirira ntchito ndiyolumikizana ndi maginito. Nthawi zambiri, zida zotere sizimaphwanya magetsi m'galimoto, ngakhale pali mitundu ina yomwe imaphwanya dera, mwachitsanzo, choyambira (chomwe chimapezeka mumitundu ina ya BMW).

Zowonjezera zowonjezera

Chowongolera chilichonse chomwe sichinaikidwe mufakitole chitha kuwonedwa ngati chowonjezera. Chida choterocho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira ina yotsutsana ndi kuba.

Mfundo yotseketsa ma magetsi ndi ma immobilizers

Lero pali mitundu iwiri ya ma immobilizers owonjezera, omwe amasiyana pamalingaliro oletsa kuyendetsa magalimoto:

• Lumikizanani ndi ma immobilizers. Zipangizozi zimakhala ndi kulandirana, komwe, ndi chizindikiro chofananira, chimalumikiza kapena kuswa dera lomwe zida zoyendetsera zimayikidwa. Chitetezo chamtunduwu chatsimikizika chokha pamsika wotsutsa kuba. Amatha kuyambitsidwa ndi nambala yomwe iyenera kulowetsedwa pagulu loyang'anira kapena ndi chizindikiro chofunikira.
• Ma immobilizers osalumikizana. M'machitidwe otere, palibe kulumikizana kwama waya pakati pa woyendetsa ndi gawo loyang'anira chitetezo. Chizindikiro chimafalikira kwa iwo kudzera pa Bluetooth.

Musanakhazikitse kukhudzana, ndikofunikira kufotokoza momwe zamagetsi zamagalimoto azikhudzira zikwangwani zochokera pagawo loyang'anira. Nthawi zina ECU imazindikira kuti dera lotseguka ndi zolakwika ndipo limafunikira kuti likonzenso. Mulimonsemo, immobilizer iyenera kusankhidwa pagalimoto inayake.

Zizindikiro zama code

Zipangizo zamtunduwu, kuphatikiza pazowongolera ndi zoyeserera, khalani ndi kiyibodi yolowera nambala yomwe idakhazikitsidwa kale. Kwa ma immobilizers oterewa, kiyi siyofunikira, koma siyitetezera kumaso.

Mitundu ina ili ndi batani limodzi lokha. Khodiyo ikhala nthawi yayitali pakati pa kudina. Wobera akuyenera kusokoneza kwa nthawi yayitali, posankha nambala yomwe akufuna. Pachifukwa ichi, ma immobilizers otere amadziwika kuti ndi odalirika. Ngakhale wakuba ataba makiyi a galimoto, sangabe.

Lumikizanani ndi ma immobilizers

Chitetezo chamtunduwu chimaphatikizapo zida zomwe zimafunikira kulumikizana ndi siginecha kuti titsegule makina. Ichi chitha kukhala chinsinsi chapadera chokhala ndi maginito kapena cholembera chala chala.

Ma Immobilizers okhala ndi kiyi wolumikizira

Ma immobility oterewa ndi zida zoyamba zotetezera zamtunduwu. Makiyi apadera adabweretsedwa ku gawo loyang'anira kapena gawo lapadera momwe maulalo otseguka amapezeka. Chochitikacho chimatseka dera ndipo galimoto ingayambike.

Popeza chitetezo choterocho chinali chosavuta kudutsa (chinali chokwanira kutseka olumikizanawo), opanga mwachangu adasinthiratu ndikuwonjezera ndi kiyi yamakhodi, yomwe idapanga chizindikiritso chofunikira kutseka dera.

Ma immobilizers okhala ndi Zala

M'malo modula komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi kiyi wapadera, chipangizocho chimakhala ndi malo olumikizirana omwe amawerenga zala za eni galimotoyo. Popeza wolandirayo amatha kukakamiza kuti galimoto isatsegulidwe, opanga amapangira chipangizocho ndi zomwe zimatchedwa kuti alamu zindikirani zala. Makinawa akayambitsidwa "modzidzimutsa", injini imayamba, koma patapita kanthawi imakhazikika.

Ma immobilizers osalumikizana

Zipangizozi zimaphatikizapo ma immobilizers, omwe amatha kuyatsidwa / kutsegulidwa patali ndi galimoto, ngati alamu. Siyanitsani pakati pa mitundu yazithunzi ndi yayikulu komanso yayifupi.

Ma immobilizers aposachedwa

Machitidwe amenewa ali ndi mlongoti. Imaikidwa pansi pa dash yomwe ili pafupi ndi thupi momwe zingathere. Woyendetsa galimoto akabweretsa fob yapadera masentimita angapo kuchokera pamenepo, manambala amatha kusinthana pogwiritsa ntchito maginito opatsirana pakati pa antenna ya womasulira ndi chip chomwecho.

Chifukwa chakuti fob yofunikira siziulutsa chilichonse, ndizosatheka kutchinga chitetezo. Makina achitetezo amakono adasinthidwa motsogola kotero kuti pophatikiza paliponse paliponse chikhodi chatsopano, chopangidwa molumikizana ndi kiyi ndi gawo loyang'anira lokha.

Ma immobilizers apakatali (okhala ndi wailesi)

Monga dzina la chipangizocho chikusonyezera, chizindikirocho chimafalikira pawayilesi komanso kupitilira mtunda kuposa momwe zidasinthira kale. Kwenikweni, mtundu wa transmitter uli pafupifupi mita imodzi ndi theka, ndipo njira yolumikizirana ndiyotetezedwa.

Zizindikiro zimasinthana mu "zokambirana zazikulu", ndiye kuti, kachidindo katsopano kamapangidwa nthawi zonse, kamene kamadziwika ndi wolandila ngati kiyi waluso. Ndikuchulukirachulukira, kuchuluka kumakulanso. Kotero, machitidwe ena otetezera amayamba pamtunda wa 15m.

Ngati makina ofananawo aikidwa mgalimoto, ndiye kuti ndibwino kuti musungire batani losakhala ndi makiyi agalimoto. Izi zilepheretsa galimotoyi pomwe olandawo adatenga galimotoyo limodzi ndi driver, koma adazitaya panjira. Zochitika zaposachedwa zimalola kuti zida zingapangidwe zomwe ndizocheperako kotero kuti zimatha kubisika mosavuta mu zingwe zamagalimoto.

Ma immobilizers amtundu wautali okhala ndi sensor yoyenda

Kuteteza kwamtunduwu kumakupatsani mwayi wosiya galimoto yomwe ikuyenda kwakanthawi osayimitsa injini. Ubwino wachitetezo ichi:

• Wakubayo adaba galimoto, koma patapita kanthawi injini imangoyima. Nthawi zambiri, wakubayo amangochoka pomwepo, ndikusiya galimotoyo.
• Ngati mukufuna kusiya galimoto yomwe ikuyenda kwakanthawi (mwachitsanzo, mkati mwake mukutentha m'nyengo yozizira), osadandaula kuti ibedwa. Ngakhale gawo la kupsinjika mumkhalidwe wotere ulipobe, popeza palibe amene amasangalala kudziwa kuti galimotoyo siyayime.
• Ma immobilizers okhala ndi makina oyendetsa amakulolani kuti muyambitse injini yamagalimoto kutali (ngati galimoto ili ndi kachitidwe koteroko).

Chojambulira choyendetsa chimatsimikizira kutalika kwa pomwe chiziwikacho chikuchotsedwa kwa wolandirayo, komanso kuchuluka kwa kuchotsedwa.

Kodi immobilizer imayendetsedwa bwanji?

Kuwongolera kwakutali kwa zosankha zosiyanasiyana za immobilizer kumadalira mtundu wa chipangizocho ndi galimoto yomwe chitetezo choterocho chimayikidwa. Mwini galimoto ali ndi njira zingapo zowongolera immobilizer.

Kuwongolera zilembo

Chizindikiro ndi fob yaying'ono ya kiyi yomwe iyenera kusungidwa mosiyana ndi makiyi agalimoto. Pamene chizindikirocho chili pamtunda wa chizindikiro cha immobilizer, chitetezo chimatsegula mwayi woyambitsa injini. Ngakhale fob yaikuluyi ili mu kanyumba kapena pafupi ndi galimoto, immobilizer ndi yolemala.

Chinthu chachikulu mukamagwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro ndikuwunika batire. Ngati itatulutsidwa, immobilizer siyingazindikire chizindikirocho, chifukwa sichimawulutsa chizindikiro. Pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma tag, pali zida zomwe zimagwira ntchito pawayilesi kapena kutumiza ma siginecha kudzera pa Bluetooth. Pachiwonetsero chachiwiri, fob yofunika ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa pamtundu wa kulankhulana ndi immobilizer, kuchuluka kwa kupuma pakati pa kuzindikira kwa chizindikiro ndi kuchotsa chitetezo.

Kuwongolera kwama Smartphone

Mu zitsanzo zomwe zimagwira ntchito kudzera pa Bluetooth, pali ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito pulogalamu yam'manja. Pankhaniyi, foni yamakono ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chizindikiro. Foni kapena Apple Watch, kudzera mu pulogalamu yophatikizidwa, imatumiza siginecha kudzera pa Bluetooth Channel ndikugwirizanitsa ndi immobilizer.

Ntchitoyi iyenera kugwira ntchito nthawi zonse mpaka mutayimitsa galimotoyo. Chifukwa chake, ngati foni ili mopitilira muyeso, ndiye kuti immobilizer imayamba kutsekereza, kuteteza galimoto ku kuba.

Kuwongolera mabatani mgalimoto (chinsinsi kapena coded immobilizer)

Ngati immobilizer yokhala ndi kulumikizana kwa digito (kudzera pa cholumikizira cha CAN) imayikidwa m'galimoto, ndiye kuti loko imayikidwa / kutsegulidwa mwa kukanikiza kuphatikiza mabatani m'galimoto. Dalaivala yekha akhoza kukhazikitsa kuphatikiza uku.

Kuti mutsegule injini, kutengera makonda a immobilizer, muyenera kukanikiza mabatani angapo pachiwongolero, cholumikizira chapakati, sinthani chosinthira, dinani batani ndi pedal, ndi zina zambiri. Kenako lokoyo idzakwezedwa. Choyipa cha njirayi ndikuti wobera amatha kutsatira zomwe dalaivala amachita ndikubwereza.

Ntchito zomasuka za immobilizer

Ma immobilizer ena ali ndi njira zina zowonjezera. Mwachitsanzo, sensa yoyenda idzayankha kuti galimoto yayamba kuyenda. Ngati palibe chizindikiro pafupi, ndiye kuti immobilizer idzazimitsa injini, ngati kuti wobera sakuyenda bwino. Pakusintha kotere, wakubayo sangaganize n’komwe kuti chitetezo chimenechi chikugwira ntchito. Galimoto yokhala ndi masensa otere imatha kuyambika patali.

Ngati mumachotsa mphamvu zamagetsi m'galimoto (kupatula batire), ndiye kuti immobilizer imalepheretsanso kuyendetsa galimoto. Chitetezo chowonjezera chimaperekedwanso ndi maloko pa thunthu ndi hood olumikizidwa ndi immobilizer.

Pamene immobilizer imagwirizanitsidwa kudzera pa basi ya CAN, chipangizochi chimatha kulamulira loko yapakati. Pamene chizindikirocho chikuyandikira galimoto, zitseko zidzatsegulidwa zokha (ntchitoyi iyeneranso kukonzedwa).

Momwe mungalambalale immobilizer

Madalaivala ena nthawi zina amafunika kulambalala immobilizer. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha ntchito ya chipangizo ichi, poyatsira galimoto analephera. Inde, mukhoza kuzilambalala immobilizer pokhapokha pa ndalama za chitetezo pazipita kuba. Nazi njira zinayi zalamulo.

Njira ya 1

Njira yosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito kiyi yowonjezera. Mwini galimotoyo amachibisa kwinakwake pafupi ndi chotsekereza ndikuchikonza bwino kuti chisagubuduze paliponse poyendetsa.

Pankhaniyi, immobilizer imayimitsidwa kwamuyaya, ndipo woyendetsa amangogwiritsa ntchito alamu. Ndi dongosolo lodzitchinjiriza loterolo, mota siyidzatsekedwa poyambira mosaloledwa pokhapokha ngati mwini galimotoyo ayika chinsinsi chowonjezera.

Njira ya 2

Mulingo wapamwamba wachitetezo mukadutsa chotchinga chotsekereza ukhoza kupezedwa mwa kukhazikitsa gawo lovomerezeka la bypass. Pankhaniyi, dongosolo la autostart limalandira chizindikiro kuchokera kutali, kotero mutha kuyambitsa injini kutali.

Njira ya 3

Imodzi mwa njira zopambana kwambiri zolambalala immobilizer ndikuchotsa mu dongosolo. Izi sizingachitike nokha, chifukwa mutha kuwononga kwambiri magetsi agalimoto. Galimoto yokhala ndi immobilizer yakutali imachotsedwanso chitetezo chokwanira.

Njira ya 4

Njira ina yovomerezeka ndi chipika chapadera chodutsa. Chipangizochi chili ndi fob yakeyake. Pachizindikiro kuchokera pamenepo, unit imazimitsa immobilizer ndipo galimoto ikhoza kuyambitsidwa.

Mosasamala kanthu za njira yosankhidwa, ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti kusokoneza makina amagetsi a immobilizer kungawononge kwambiri galimoto. Choncho, kukhazikitsa zida zowonjezera kuyenera kuchitidwa ndi akatswiri.

Zomwe zili bwino: immobilizer kapena alarm?

Ngakhale IMMO ndikuwonetsa ndizinthu za anti-kuba, chilichonse chimayikidwa pazinthu zosiyanasiyana.

• Chizindikirocho chapangidwa kuti chiteteze wolowererayo kuti asalowe mgalimoto. Zimateteza kubedwa kwa zida zamtengo wapatali, monga chojambulira pawailesi, chojambulira makanema kapena zinthu zamtengo wapatali zotsalira m'galimoto. Ngati angapeze mwayi wosaloledwa, amadziwitsa iwo omwe akufuna kuzungulira.
• Makinawa amaletsa wakuba kuyambitsa injini ndikuba galimoto. Sichichenjeza eni galimotoyo poyesayesa kuba ndipo sichiteteza kubedwa kwa zinthu m'galimoto.

Poganizira izi, sitinganene kuti ndibwino, chifukwa alamu ndi IMMO sizisinthana. Musaganize kuti kupezeka kwa injini yotsekereza ndi chitetezo chodalirika ku kuba. Wakubayo angayesere kuba galimotoyo munjira zina, mwachitsanzo, ndikuphwanya ndikuikokera kwina.

Tisaiwale kuti mitundu ina ya ma alamu amakhala ndi zida zawo zokha. Makina odana ndi kubawa ndi odalirika kuposa kukhazikitsa chimodzi mwazida izi. Poterepa, zida zowongolera zitha kukhazikitsidwa paliponse mgalimoto, zomwe zingapangitse kuti wakuba agwire ntchitoyo.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa immobilizer wamba ndi yokwera mtengo?

The immobilizer muyezo, mu nkhani ya kuyesa kosaloledwa kuyambitsa injini, akhoza kuletsa dongosolo mafuta, poyatsira, chiwongolero kapena ECU. Koma mukamagwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chokhazikika, pali kuthekera kwakukulu kuti wobera wodziwa bwino angalambalale chitetezo.

M'ma immobilizer okwera mtengo omwe siawongoleredwa, njira zosakhazikika zoletsa zida zosiyanasiyana zamagalimoto zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimasokoneza kwambiri ntchito yosankha njira yoyenera yodutsa. Kuti alepheretse immobilizer yokhazikika, ena amagwiritsa ntchito zida zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito chithandizo chadzidzidzi.

Kodi ndiyenera kuyika alamu ngati pali cholepheretsa kugwira ntchito

Yankho lalifupi la funsoli ndi inde - alamu amafunika, ngakhale galimoto itatetezedwa ndi cholepheretsa. Chifukwa chagona pamachitidwe ogwiritsira ntchito zoteteza izi.

Ponena za magwiridwe antchito a immobilizer, imatchinga kugwira ntchito kwa mota ngati kulibe transponder pamtundu wa wolandila. Kutengera mtundu wa chipangizocho, imatha kulepheretsanso kutumizidwa kapena zamagetsi osiyanasiyana (pampu yamafuta, poyatsira, ndi zina zambiri). Koma kugwira ntchito kwa chipangizochi sikulepheretsa anthu kulowa mkati mwagalimoto.

Wakubayo sangabe galimotoyo, koma akhoza kuwononga gululi poyesa kuba pamakompyuta kapena zida zina zomwe zaikidwa m'galimoto.

Ngati alamu ayikidwanso m'galimoto, ndiye kuti wakubayo amakhala ndi nthawi yocheperako kuti abere kena kake m'galimoto kapena kuyesa kupyola cholepheretsa. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito siginecha ya fob key, dalaivala amadziwa nthawi yomweyo kuti galimoto yake ili pachiwopsezo (kutengera mtunda wa galimotoyo kuchokera pa fob). Woyimitsa sangathe kuchita izi. Sangopereka mwayi wonyamuka pagalimoto.

Mavuto omwe angakhalepo ndi immobilizer ndi mayankho ake

Ngati tigawana mavuto onse ndi ma immobilizers, timapeza magawo awiri:

• Kuwonongeka kwa mapulogalamu;
• Hardware kulephera.

Kuwonongeka kwamapulogalamu kumadziwika ndi mitundu yonse yakulephera kwamapulogalamu, mawonekedwe azolakwika zosiyanasiyana pakugwiritsa ntchito microprocessor. Komanso, kulephera kwa pulogalamu kumachitika ngati chizindikirocho sichingagwirizane pakati pazoyang'anira ndi Transponder.

Gulu la zolephera zamagetsi limaphatikizapo mitundu yonse yazovuta zina zomwe zimakhudzana ndikuwonongeka kwa mayunitsi oyang'anira kapena kupuma kwa basi yolumikizirana (imalumikiza gawo loyang'anira, oyendetsa ndi kulumikizana kwa makina azoyendetsa kuti atseke).

Musanayese payekhapayekha kudziwa chomwe chimalepheretsa makinawa, muyenera kudziwa zamagetsi zamagalimoto. Chinthu choyamba chomwe muyenera kulabadira ndi mulingo wama batri. Ngati ndi yotsika, ndiye kuti pali kuthekera kwakukulu kosagwira ntchito kwa immobilizer.

Komanso, m'pofunika kukumbukira kuti chipangizocho chidzagwira ntchito molondola ndi kiyi yoyambirira yopititsira patsogolo. Ngati mwini galimoto akuyesera kupanga mtundu wina wa kiyi, ndiye kuti atha kutumiza siginecha yolakwika, kapena adzalephera.

Muyeneranso kuwonetsetsa kuti kulephera kwa immo sikukugwirizana ndi kulumikizana kwa zamagetsi zowonjezera m'chipinda cha injini. Zowonjezera zamagetsi zimatha kusokoneza magwiridwe antchito. Ngati zida zoterezi zakhazikitsidwa, ndiye kuti zimatha kuzimitsidwa kwakanthawi ndipo kutsekereza kumatha kuyang'anitsitsa ngati kungagwire ntchito. Makinawa akabwezeretsedwa, chifukwa chake ndichachidziwikire: muyenera kuzimitsa zowonjezera, kapena kuziyika pamalo pomwe sizingasokoneze.

Vuto la IMMO.

Zifukwa zakusalondola kwa immo kapena kukana kwake ndi izi:

1. Batire lakufa;
2. Batire idadulidwa pomwe poyatsira adatsegulidwa;
3. Kuphwanya kulumikizana kwa magwiridwe antchito a injini ndi ma immobilizer control. Izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri mutachotsa magetsi;
4. Lama fuyusi immobilizer kuwomba;
5. Zolakwa mu mapulogalamu. Ngati vuto la immo likuwala pagawo, koma galimoto ikuyimabe bwino, ndiye kuti mufunikirabe thandizo kwa akatswiri kuti athe kupeza choyambitsa. Kupanda kutero, chipangizocho chimasiya kugwira ntchito chifukwa cha zolakwika zambiri, ndipo gawo loyang'anira liyenera kukonzedwanso;
6. Kutulutsa kwa batani mu kiyi;
7. Wosweka transponder;
8. Kutaya kulumikizana pakati pa wolandila ndi mlongoti (nthawi zambiri chifukwa chakunjenjemera kapena makutidwe ndi okosijeni);
9. Kuphulika kwa zingwe.

Zoyenera kuchita ngati mukukumana ndi mavuto

Mosasamala kanthu zakusokonekera kotani komwe kunapangidwa mu dongosolo la immobilizer, akatswiri omwe ali pakati pautumiki akuyenera kuthana ndi kuzimitsa, kukonza ndikukonzanso. Ngati chipangizocho chikukonzedwa ndi anthu osadziwa ntchito, izi zingangokulitsa vutoli.

Nthawi zina, kulephera kwa zamagetsi zamagalimoto kumatheka ngati immobilizer imazimitsidwa molakwika. Ngati kukonzanso pulogalamu yofunikira, mwiniwake wagalimoto ayenera kudziwa nambala ya PIN yomwe imaperekedwa ndi galimotoyo mukamagula mu salon.

Ngati galimotoyo idagulidwa pamsika wachiwiri, ndipo mwiniwake wakale adataya nambala iyi, ndiye kuti watsopanoyo akulimbikitsidwa kuti apemphe chikhomo kwa automaker ndikusinthanso chosinthira. Izi zipereka chidaliro kuti palibe amene adatha "kuba" chizindikiro choletsa kuchokera kwa mwiniwake wamagalimoto am'mbuyomu.

Zachidziwikire, poyitanitsa zidziwitso zotere, mwini galimoto watsopanoyo ayenera kupereka zikalata zonse zotsimikizira kuti tsopano ndi mwiniwake wa galimotoyo.

Kodi zingathandize bwanji kuti katundu akhale wopanda mphamvu?

Ngakhale kuti immobilizer mgalimoto imapereka chitetezo chodalirika ku kuba magalimoto, ili ndi zovuta zina. Chipangizocho sichimatseka chikhumbo chofuna kuba galimoto. Akuba agalimoto odziwa zambiri amapeza njira zodutsira immobilizer kapena momwe angagwiritsire ntchito siginolo kuchokera pachinsinsi choyatsira.

Pachifukwa ichi, zida zosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zomwe zimawerenga ma code kapena kudumpha loko. Pofuna kubera galimoto yamavuto, woyendetsa galimoto atha kuchita izi:

• Kuti mulepheretse mwayi wolamulira kwa wolanda, mutha kukhazikitsa chivundikiro chachitsulo pamwamba pake, ndikupangitsa kulimbitsa thupi kubisala. Chifukwa chovuta kuthetsa kanyumba, munthu akhoza kukhala ndi chiyembekezo kuti wakuberayo angosiya ntchitoyi. Chinthu chachikulu ndikuti cholumikizira chautumiki chatsekedwa.
• Cholumikizira cholumikizira chitha kulumikizidwa ndi chozungulira (pabwalo lotseguka la basi) kuti owerenga akagwirizanitsidwa, asakhale ndi mwayi wamagetsi amgalimoto.
• Ngati muyezo wama immobilizer wayikidwa mgalimoto, chowonjezera chowonjezera chitha kulumikizidwa ndi kusiyana kwa tinyanga.
• Mukakhazikitsa loko wa bonnet, zimakhala zovuta kuti wakuba afike kumalo opanda zingwe, omwe nthawi zambiri amaikidwa mchipinda cha injini.

Zachidziwikire, zowonjezera zomwe zimalepheretsa kufikira kwaulere pazoyang'anira za immobilizer zimafunikira ndalama ndi ntchito zina zowakhazikitsa. Koma wowukira akayesedwa kuti alande galimoto, chitetezo chowonjezeracho chimamupeza.

Zotheka kuthekera

Zowonongeka zonse za immobilizers zitha kugawidwa m'mapulogalamu ndi ma hardware. Ngati pulogalamuyo ikulephera, ngakhale kuyambika kovomerezeka kwa gawo lamagetsi kumayesedwa, zamagetsi zimatha kuletsa ntchito yake. Izi ndi chifukwa cha kuphwanya kalunzanitsidwe pakati immobilizer control unit ndi ECU makina. Zovuta zotere zimathetsedwa ndikuwunikira fob ya kiyi ndi gawo lowongolera la immo.

Pachiwiri (kulephera kwa hardware), chinthu chilichonse chadongosolo chimalephera. Izi zitha kukhala microcircuit yowotchedwa, kuphulika kwa waya, kulumikizidwa kosweka, ndi kuwonongeka kofananira.

Mosasamala mtundu wa kusweka, sikulimbikitsidwa kuyesa kudzikonza nokha ngati palibe chidziwitso chogwira ntchito yotere. Katswiri yekha ndi amene angadziwe chomwe vuto ndi immo ndi, ndiyeno ndi zipangizo zina. Kuti muchite izi, makiyi a chip ndi gawo lowongolera la immobilizer amapezeka.

Momwe mungalambalale immobilizer?

Njirayi ingafunikire ngati kiyi yanzeru yathyoledwa kapena kutayika, kapena ngati pali zovuta zaukadaulo, koma palibe nthawi yoti mupite ku malo ochitira chithandizo. Kwa kanthawi (ndipo ena amalambalalitsa immo kwamuyaya, pokhulupirira kuti galimoto yawo sifunikira chitetezo choterocho) kudutsa immobilizer, mungagwiritse ntchito imodzi mwa njira zotsatirazi:

1. Chokwawa chayikidwa chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito kiyi yoyambira.
2. Ikani crawler yolumikizidwa ndi kiyi ya chip. Iyi ndiyo njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri masiku ano.
3. Chida chapadera chimayikidwa chomwe chimawulutsa kopi ya siginecha kuchokera pa kiyi ya chip.

Ngati chokwawa chikugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiye kuti ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa chip kuchokera pa kiyi yoyambirira kulowamo. Palinso zitsanzo zopanda pake. Mwa iwo, gawoli limayimba siginecha kuchokera pa kiyi kenako imawulutsa siginecha ku block ya immo kudzera panjira yobisika.

Momwe mungasinthire immobilizer

Ngati ma immobilizer atha kulongosoka (onse kapena amodzi), ndiye kuti pangafunike kuwachotsa. Njira yoyenera ndikutengera galimotoyo kwa katswiri. Pankhani ya chitetezo choterocho, nthawi zina zimathandiza kukhazikitsa chida chofananira m'malo mwa china chomwe chalephera. Komabe, muyenera kudziwa komwe chigawo chilichonse cha chipangizocho chili.

Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti ma immobilizers ambiri ali ndi ma module angapo omwe amapezeka m'malo osafikirika, omwe akatswiri okha kapena ogulitsa amadziwa. Izi zimachitika makamaka kuti galimoto yobedwa isangotsegulidwe. Gawo lililonse limazindikira chizindikiritso chomwe mbuyeyo adakonzera.

Ngati zida zowongolera zasinthidwa, makinawo amafunika kuwunikira kuti oyendetsa adziwe zikwangwani kuchokera pachida chatsopano. Pankhani ya kusinthidwa kwanthawi zonse, ECU yamagalimoto iyenera kukonzedwa. Ndipo ntchitoyi ikuyenera kudaliridwa ndi akatswiri nthawi zonse.

Njira zotetezera

Monga tawonera kale kangapo, kukhazikitsa / kugwetsa kwa immo kumafunikira luso lapadera ndi chidziwitso pamagetsi apagalimoto. Choncho, kukhazikitsa kapena kukonza kuyenera kuchitidwa m'malo opangira chithandizo chapadera.

Popeza wogwira ntchito pamisonkhano yosalongosoka akhoza kukopera fungulo la chip kapena chizindikiro kuchokera kwa icho, ndi bwino kuti mwina ndi munthu wodalirika, kapena malo ogwira ntchito ayenera kukhala kutali ndi malo omwe galimotoyo ikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Chifukwa chake wobera sangathe kugwiritsa ntchito kiyiyo.

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito immobilizer, muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti palibe anthu okayikitsa pafupi omwe akukhala pa laputopu pafupi ndi galimoto (ngati kiyi yanzeru popanda kiyi ya master ikugwiritsidwa ntchito). Pali owerenga pamsika wakuda omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi wobera.

Ubwino ndi zovuta za immobilizer

Njira yolimbana ndi kuba ndikofunikira pagalimoto. Zomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri, zimadaliranso kwambiri. Kodi maubwino amtundu wa IMMO ndi ati?

1. Kuti abe galimoto, wakubayo amafunika ndalama zowonjezera, mwachitsanzo, galimoto ina yokoka kapena chida chapadera chowerengera nambala yamakhadi.
2. Ndiosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Nthawi zambiri, woyendetsa sayenera kuchita chilichonse chapadera kuti atsegule loko konse.
3. Ngakhale magetsi azimitsidwa, galimotoyo siyiyiyabe.
4. Ndizosatheka kuzindikira nthawi yomweyo kuti makinawa adayikidwa mgalimoto (imagwira ntchito mwakachetechete).

Ngakhale kudalirika kwake kwakukulu, chipangizochi chili ndi zovuta zina. Ngati khadi la kiyi kapena fob yofunika ndi chip ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, wakubayo amangofunika kuba - ndipo galimotoyo ili ndi mwini watsopano. Mukataya kiyi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito yopatula (zida zambiri zili ndi makope awiri). Koma izi ziyenera kuchitidwa kuti mutenge galimotoyo kupita kokwerera kuti muwonetse mphamvu zowongolera. Kupanda kutero, womenyerayo adzagwiritsa ntchito makinawo pazolinga zake.

Vidiyo yotsatirayi ikuwonetsa zabodza 10 zodziwika bwino za immobilizer:

TOP 10 malingaliro olakwika okhudza immobilizer, makiyi a chip, ndi zina zambiri.

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Kodi immobilizer imawoneka bwanji? Immobilizer ili ndi microprocessor block yokhala ndi mawaya othamanga. Kutengera mtundu wa chipangizocho, imakhalanso ndi sensa yomwe imafungidwira. Mu mitundu yamakono, gawo loyang'anira zokhoma zamagalimoto limamangidwa mu thupi.

Kodi immobilizer imagwira ntchito bwanji? Ntchito yayikulu ya immobilizer ndikuteteza kuti magetsi ayambe kapena kuyimitsidwa ngati kulibe kiyi pagawo lazizindikiro. Chida ichi chimayenera kulandira chizindikirocho kuchokera pa kiyi. Kupanda kutero, kutsekereza sikulephereka. Simungodula mawaya ndipo chosakanikirana ndi cholumala. Izi zimadalira njira yolumikizira komanso makina omwe chipangizocho chimalumikizidwa nacho.

Kodi ndimaletsa bwanji immobilizer? Njira yolepheretsa oyimitsa popanda kiyi ndiyokwera mtengo, ndipo pantchito yamagalimoto yomwe imapereka ntchitoyi, muyenera kupereka umboni kuti ndinu eni galimotoyo. Njira yosavuta ndikupatsanso fungulo lowonjezera. Koma pakadali pano, ngati kiyi woyambayo adabedwa, ndibwino kuti musachite izi, koma kuti musinthe chida chatsopano chodulidwa kwa automaker. Mutha kuyimitsa chipangizocho polowetsa kachidindo kosakanikirana (kungaperekedwe ndi wopanga chipangizocho), chida chapadera kapena chowonjezera.