Kodi chosakanizira magalimoto ndi chiyani komanso momwe chimagwirira ntchito

Galimoto iliyonse yokhala ndi injini yoyaka mkati imakhala ndi pulogalamu yotulutsa utsi. Chimodzi mwazinthu zake zazikulu ndi kachulukidwe. Ganizirani chifukwa chake mumafunikira m'galimoto, momwe imagwirira ntchito, ndi mtundu wanji wachida, komanso maupangiri owuyikira.

Kodi chosokoneza galimoto ndi chiyani

Chofukizira ndi botolo lopaka voliyumu lomwe limayikidwa kumapeto kwa dongosolo la utsi. Imaikidwa kuti ichepetse mafunde amawu omwe amachitika pakagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mota. Ndi gawo lofunikira pamakina onse otulutsa galimoto.

Kuphatikiza apo, mpweya wotulutsa utsi uyenera utakhazikika asanatengeredwe m'chilengedwe. Iyi ndi ntchito ina ya gawoli. Lero, pali mitundu ingapo yamafyuluta omwe amasiyana wina ndi mzake osati pakulimbikira kwawo, komanso pakupanga.

Kodi chowotchera galimoto chimagwira ntchito bwanji?

Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, mbali imeneyi ya utsi wa galimoto yapangidwa kuti ichepetse kugwedezeka kwa mawu pamene injini ikugwira ntchito. Ndipo chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwakukulu, mpweya wotulutsa mpweya umakhazikikanso.

Chophimba chachikulu chimakhala ndi zipinda zingapo zolekanitsidwa ndi mzake, zomwe zimalumikizidwa ndi machubu okhala ndi perforation, osagwirizana ndi mnzake. Pamene kutuluka kwa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya kumadutsa mutoliro ndikulowa m'chipinda choyamba, kumagunda phokosolo, kumawonekera kuchokera pamenepo ndikulowa mu chubu chachiwiri, ndikudutsa m'chipinda chotsatira. Umu ndi momwe mafunde amawu amatsekeredwa.

Masiku ano, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma mufflers, komanso njira zosinthira magalimoto. Iliyonse mwa ma mufflers awa idzasiyana osati kukula kwake, komanso kapangidwe kake kamkati. Ngakhale izi, ntchito yayikulu ya gawoli imakhalabe yomveka kupondereza komanso kuziziritsa kwa gasi. Kupatulapo ndi molunjika-kudzera mufflers, amene, m'malo mwake, kutulutsa mpweya mokweza.

Muffler imagwira ntchito yotulutsa utsi

Monga oyendetsa magalimoto onse amadziwa, ngati mutachotsa chosasunthika m'galimoto, chimabangula kwambiri kuposa chomwe chimathamanga. Ena akhoza kuziona ngati zoseketsa, koma galimoto yotereyi ilibe malo okhalamo opanda phokoso.

Mu utsi dongosolo muffler ndi ntchito zotsatirazi:

• Imapondereza phokoso la utsi wotulutsa utsi. Pakati pa ntchito ya injini, ziphuphu zimapangidwa muzitsulo, zomwe zimatsagana ndi phokoso lamphamvu.
• Kumachepetsa utsi mathamangidwe mathamangidwe. Popeza mpweya umayenda kwambiri m'mapaipi, utsi wachindunji ungayambitse vuto kwa omwe akudutsa komanso magalimoto omwe amatsatira makinawo.
• Kuzizira mpweya wonyansa. Injini yoyaka yamkati imayendetsedwa ndi mphamvu yomwe imatulutsidwa pakuyaka kwa mpweya / mafuta osakaniza. Mu utsi dongosolo kutentha kwa mpweya ukufika madigiri mazana angapo. Pofuna kuti musavulaze anthu omwe amadutsa pamakinawo, komanso kupewa kuyatsa mwangozi zinthu zomwe zimayaka, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kutentha kwa utsi.
• Kutulutsa mpweya wakutulutsa kunja kwa thupi. Makina onse otulutsa utsi apangidwa m'njira yoti mpweya wotulutsa utsi usadziunjikire pansi pagalimoto pomwe idayima (mwachitsanzo, mumsewu wamagalimoto kapena pamaloboti).

Kukaniza kumapangidwa mkati mwa chosakhazikika pakuyenda kwa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kuti gawo ili lisapitirire miyezo yovomerezeka yokhazikitsidwa ndi wopanga injini. Kupanda kutero, injini imangokhalira "kubanika" chifukwa chotulutsa utsi chimatsekereza zosokoneza.

Kupanga, momwe amagwirira ntchito ndi mitundu yamafflers

Makina otulutsa galimoto ali ndi:

• Kulandira chitoliro;
• Chothandizira;
• Wokonzanso;
• Wosakhazikika wamkulu.

Chitoliro cholowera chimalumikizidwa ndi zochuluka za utsi. Cholinga chake ndikuphatikiza zonse zotsogola kuchokera pagalimoto kupita munthumba limodzi. Chothandizira chimalepheretsa zinthu zowopsa zomwe ndi gawo la mpweya wotulutsa utsi. Ndiyamika zinthu izi, utsi si zoipa chilengedwe.

Chotsatira m'dongosolo ndi resonator. Ntchito yaikulu ya chinthu ichi - kupondereza phokoso mpweya utsi. Kunja, imafanana ndi mtundu wocheperako wamafinya.

Zida zamaffin

Zosefera zonse zimapangidwa ndi chitsulo. Opanga amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazinthuzi kuti adalitse kudalirika ndikugwira ntchito kwa zinthu zawo atapanikizika kwambiri.

Gawo ili limapangidwa kuchokera kuzitsulo zotsatirazi:

• Zampweya;
• Wowala;
• Kanasonkhezereka aluminiyamu;
• Zosapanga dzimbiri.

Mbali zambiri za makina otulutsa utsi ndizopangidwa ndi aluminium, zomwe zimawapatsa moyo wautali. M'malo mwake, zosankha za kaboni zimalephera mwachangu. Zosintha zosapanga dzimbiri sizachilendo. Komabe, ali m'gulu la mitundu yotsika mtengo kwambiri yamakina. Makina oyenda mosakhazikika nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chifukwa kutentha kwa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya pamakina otere kumakhala kwakukulu kumapeto kwa mzere.

Resonator chipangizo

Resonator ndichitsulo chathyathyathya kapena chozungulira. Ili ndi magawo angapo momwe timachubu tating'onoting'ono timakonzedwa. Sakhazikitsidwe moyang'anizana, koma ndi cholowa kotero kuti aliyense wa iwo ayang'ane magawowo.

Pamene mpweya wotulutsa utsi umalowa mchimbudzi kuchokera pa chitoliro chachikulu, zimamveka. Posinkhasinkha, amachepetsako pang'ono pang'ono phokoso lakumveka kwa mpweya watsopano womwe ukubwera. Kenako amalowa kuchipinda chotsatira cha resonator, komwe kumachitanso chimodzimodzi. Potuluka pa resonator, mawuwo salinso ochepa, koma ngati phokoso, osati ngati kuwombera.

Kupyola chitoliro chotulutsa, kutsetsereka kumayendetsedwa mu thanki yamafuta. Makina, ndikosavuta kuyika chinthu ichi kumbuyo kwa galimoto, popeza kuli malo ambiri.

Chida chobowoleza

Chofufumitsacho chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi resonator. Mukayang'ana m'chigawochi, muwona zipinda zofananira zofananira, zokulirapo. Kuphatikiza pazinthu izi, chosakanizira chitha kukhalapo mu chosakanizira.

Ichi ndi chipinda chapadera momwe mipope yopyapyala imadutsa. Lili ndi zinthu zopsereza zolowetsa mafunde amawu. Chotengeracho ndichitsulo chachitsulo, ubweya wamwala kapena zinthu zina zotentha zomwe zimatha kupirira kutentha kwambiri.

M'malo mwake, pali mitundu yambiri yamakanema. Zimasiyana wina ndi mzake osati pakapangidwe kazipinda zokometsera, komanso pazinthu zomwe amapangidwa. Mtundu wa zomangamanga umadziwika:

• Woletsa. M'makina oterewa, kutsegulira kotseguka ndikocheperako polowera. Chofunika ndichakuti utsi wofufuma uzimitsidwa chifukwa chakuti sungadutse mwaulere, chifukwa chake umafalikira m'mbali zonse za chitha.
• Zofanizira. Mukusintha koteroko, mpweya wotulutsa utsi umagawika m'chipinda chamayimbidwe, ndikuwonetsedwa, ndikulowa chitoliro chopitilira cholowera kuchipinda chotsatira. Kutengera mtunduwo, magawo amakamera otere amatha kupitilira awiri.
• Wowonetsanso. Makinawa amakhala ndi zipinda 4 zowonera. Amalumikizidwa ndi chitoliro choboola. Phokosolo limachepetsedwa chifukwa choti ma surges owongoka amalipidwa ndi malo ogulitsira ambiri pamzerewu. Kapangidwe kameneka kamaletsa kuthamanga mkati mwa chitoliro, chomwe chimachepetsa kuthamanga.
• Kuyamwa. Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito mitundu yotereyi yakhala ikufotokozedwa kale kale. Uku ndikusintha kwa mtundu wamafuta osakanikirana, pokhapokha ndikuwonjezera phulusa losayaka lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyamwa mafunde amawu.

Popeza kapangidwe kalikonse kamakhala ndi zabwino zake ndi zovuta zake, opanga nthawi zambiri amaphatikiza mitundu yamtunduwu.

Mapangidwe amtundu wa resonant

Imodzi mwa mapangidwe ovuta kwambiri ndi mtundu wamafuta osakanikirana. Kapangidwe kazitsanzo zoterezi ndizofanana ndi kapangidwe ka resonator, chinthu chachikulu chokha chimakhala ndi thanki yayikulu yokhala ndi ziwombankhanga zowoneka bwino.

Mapaipi angapo opangidwa ndi mabowo amayikidwa mchimbudzi. Siziikidwa moyang'anizana, koma mu ndege zosiyanasiyana kuti utsi ufalikire pamwamba. Zotsatira zake, chobowolera chimachepetsa ma frequency amawu onse. Monga momwe mungayembekezere, mitundu iyi yazinthu zotulutsa utsi zimapangitsanso kulimbana kwina, komwe kumakhudza mphamvu ya injini.

Makhalidwe a cholumikizira chowongoka

Chomwe chimasokoneza onse ndikuti kutentha ndi kumveka kumatha, mphamvu yama injini imachepetsedwa pang'ono. Kulimbana kwina kumapangidwa mkati mwa dongosolo lotulutsa. Izi zimakhudza kupwetekedwa kwa pisitoni panthawi yopuma.

Kuchuluka kwa kukana kumeneku, kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kuti achotse zinthu zoyaka. Izi zikutanthauza kuti crankshaft izizungulira pang'onopang'ono. Pofuna kuthana ndi "vutoli", amisiri ena amasintha mapaipi otulutsa utsi pochotsa zipsinjo m'matumba awo. Ena amachotsanso chosakanizira chapamwamba ndikuyika kutsogolo.

Mwachilengedwe, pamitundu yotere, mpweya wotulutsa utsi umachotsedwa mwachangu (mphamvu siziwonongeka pakuthana ndi zopinga zosiyanasiyana). Zotsatira zake, mphamvu zamagalimoto zimawonjezeka pafupifupi 7 peresenti. Mphamvu zowonjezereka zitha kupezeka pochotsa chothandizira m'dongosolo.

Musanakhazikitse zotere mgalimoto yanu, pali zinthu ziwiri zofunika kukumbukira:

1. Magalimoto omwe amamveka pamwamba pamtundu wina wa decibel sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito mzindawu. Chosakanizira chowongoka sichikugwirizana ndi magawo awa. Galimoto yokhala ndi zotulutsa zotere imatha kupanga phokoso kwenikweni pabwalo la nyumba yosanjikiza. Makina otere amatha kukhala ndi galimoto yoyendetsa njanji.
2. Ngati chosinthira chothandizira chachotsedwa mgalimoto, mulingo wonyansa udzawonjezeka kwambiri. Zotsatira zake, galimotoyo silingadutse kuyendera kwaukadaulo. Ngakhale atapanda kuyendera ukadaulo, kusamalira zachilengedwe ndi ntchito ya aliyense wokhala padziko lapansi, osati mabungwe ena aliwonse.

Kodi ma mufflers amapangidwa bwanji?

Kuti mankhwala atsopano athane ndi ntchito yake yayikulu komanso kuti asapange kubweza kwambiri (kukana mpweya wotulutsa mpweya, chifukwa chomwe injini imayenera kugwiritsa ntchito gawo lina la torque kuti igonjetse kupsinjika uku), opanga amawerengera zomwe kupsinjika kudzakhala munjira ina. mlandu. Kutengera izi, zimatsimikiziridwa kuti ndi magawo ati amagetsi omwe kukhazikitsidwa kwa silencer yotere sikudzakhala kovuta kwambiri.

Pachifukwa ichi, zoziziritsa kukhosi zamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamagalimoto zimatha kukhala ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana ndi zolemera (izi zimakhudzidwa ndi kupezeka kwa magawo owonjezera ndi machubu mu babu yokhayokha). Koma kuti akwaniritse zosowa za mafani akusintha kowonera, ma analogue okhala ndi chitoliro chopopera kawiri kapena makina otulutsa okhala ndi ma mufflers awiri akupangidwanso.

Mabotolowo amapangidwa kuchokera kumagulu osiyanasiyana achitsulo ndi kuwotcherera. Ma seams amathandizidwa ndi anti-corrosion ndi refractory agents kuti ateteze dzimbiri ndi kupsa mtima kwa muffler. Pali zosankha zamtengo wapatali zomwe zimapangidwa ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri.

Momwe mungasankhire chosakanizira

Chonde dziwani kuti sizinthu zonse zosasunthika zomwe zitha kuyikidwa pagalimoto yanu. Vuto ndiloti gawo lirilonse la dongosolo la utsi limapangidwira magawo a injini - mphamvu yake ndi mphamvu.

Ngati gawo losayenera layikidwa pamakina, kulimbikira kwambiri kumatha kupangidwa muutesi kuti utsi wotuluka uwonongeke. Chifukwa cha ichi, mphamvu yamagalimoto imatha kuchepetsedwa.

Izi ndi zomwe muyenera kuyang'ana posankha chimbudzi chatsopano:

• Voliyumu ya chitha. Kukula kwa banki. Bwino adzakhala phokoso mayamwidwe ndi bwino kuchotsa mpweya.
• Part khalidwe. Ngati mukuwona mapangidwe achitsulo kapena gawo lojambulidwa, ndiye kuti ndibwino kuti musagule zoterezi.
• Chosungira choyenera chitha kupezeka pa nambala ya VIN yamagalimoto. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kupeza gawo loyambirira. Ngati izi sizingatheke, ndiye kuti kusaka kuyenera kuchitidwa ndi kapangidwe kake ndi mtundu wa galimotoyo.

Tiyeneranso kutchula kuthekera kogula magawo omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito. Pankhani yamafflers, ili ndi lingaliro loipa. Sizikudziwika momwe zinthu zinasungidwa. Popeza zinthu zazikuluzikulu zomwe amapangidwa ndizitsulo, zimakhala ndi dzimbiri. Pali kuthekera kwakukulu kogula chosakanizira chovunda kale, koma kunja kwake sikudzawonekera.

Ulendo Wotsatsa

Mukamagula gawo lililonse (osati zongotulutsa dongosolo), ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti musankhe zopangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zodziwika bwino. Mwa opanga omwe amapereka makapu apamwamba ndi awa:

• Chitsamba. Kampani yaku Belgian yomwe yadzikhazikitsa yokha ngati zinthu zabwino.
• Woyenda. Mtundu waku Sweden umagulitsanso zotsalira zokhazikika komanso zodalirika.
• Phulusa. Chodziwika bwino cha kampani yaku Poland ndikuti imapatsa makasitomala ake zosankha zingapo zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri zinthu zomwe kampaniyo imagulitsa zimagulitsidwa pamtengo wapakati.
• Asso. Zigawo zaku Italiya ndizabwino kwambiri, koma nthawi zambiri zimayenera kukonzedwa, chifukwa ngakhale mtundu womwe adapangidwira sangagwirizane ndi zonunkhira. Izi zimathetsa kukonza kwa utsi.
• Atiho. Ngakhale kuti zopangidwa ndi wopanga waku Russia sizofanana kwambiri ndi anzawo aku Europe, zinthu zonse zimagulitsidwa pamtengo wotsika.

Njira yosankhira chosowa chodalira zimatengera woyendetsa yekha komanso kuthekera kwake pachuma.

Momwe mungadziwire zabodza

Nthawi zambiri, ogulitsa osakhulupirika amagulitsa katundu waku China kapena Turkey pamtengo woyambirira. Nthawi zina iwowo saganiza kuti akugulitsa zabodza. Nazi zifukwa zowerengera zinthu zotsika kwambiri:

• Chitsulo cholimba. Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magawo otchipa. Nthawi zambiri, zotsekemera zotere sizopepuka komanso zopunduka.
• Kuyika. Ngati palibe zolemba zaopanga pamakina osasunthika (masitampu, notches, ma logo ndi holograms, ndi zina zambiri), ndiye kuti ndizabodza.
• Voliyumu ya chitha. Gawo loyambirira nthawi zonse limakhala labodza, chifukwa chachiwiri, wopanga samatsata bwino kuti apindule kwambiri, kupulumutsa pazinthu.
• Mtengo. Choyambirira nthawi zonse chimawononga zambiri. Komabe, izi siziyenera kukhala zokhazo zomwe zimatsimikizira mtundu wa gawo. Ogulitsa osakhulupirika nthawi zambiri amapezerapo mwayi pa kusazindikira kwa wogula, kugulitsa zabodza pamtengo woyamba.

Momwe mungayikitsire chosakanizira

Chithunzi chokhazikitsa chosakanizira chagalimoto ndichosavuta. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kukweza galimotoyo pa jack kapena kukweza. Gawo lotsatira ndikuphwanya gawo lakale. Ziwalo zonse za pulogalamu yotulutsa utsi zimalumikizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zolumikizira zapadera - ndolo (mphete yachitsulo yomwe imayikidwa pazolumikizira zinthu) ndi chitsulo chachitsulo.

Ndikofunika kuti m'mbali zonse za mapaipi zigwirizane mosagwirizana, apo ayi mpweya wotuluka udutsa dzenje. Izi zidzadziwika pomwe dalaivala akuyambitsa injini.

Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti panthawi yamagetsi, zinthu zake zimakhala zotentha kwambiri. Izi nthawi zambiri zimabweretsa kuphika kwamafundo. Poganizira izi, nthawi yodula, nthawi zina ndikofunikira kumasula chitoliro. Poterepa, muyenera kusamala kuti musawononge ziphuphu (ngati zilipo) kapena chitoliro chakutsogolo.

Kanema pa mutuwo

Nayi kanema watsatanetsatane wokhudza magwiridwe antchito amagetsi agalimoto:

Momwe makina otulutsa mpweya ndi ma muffler amagwirira ntchito. Chifukwa chiyani kutuluka kwa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya kumathamanga kwambiri kuposa kuthamanga kwa phokoso

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Chifukwa chiyani muffler m'magalimoto? Mbali imeneyi ya dongosolo utsi amapereka: kuchepetsa utsi phokoso mpweya, damping wa utsi liwiro, kuzirala wa mpweya utsi ndi kuchepetsa pulsation awo.

Kodi chotchingira galimotocho chili kuti? Ndi chotengera cha volumetric chokhala ndi mipata iwiri (kulowetsa ndi kutulutsa). Pali ma baffles angapo okhala ndi perforated ndi insulation mkati mwa muffler.

Kodi chowotchera galimoto chimagwira ntchito bwanji? Mpweya wotulutsa mpweya umalowa m'matumbo, umawonekera kuchokera ku baffle, lowetsani chitoliro pakati pa mapanga (chiwerengero cha zipinda zimadalira chitsanzo cha muffler), ndiyeno mu chitoliro chotulutsa mpweya.