Kodi kudya ndikuchulukiranji m'galimoto

Pokonzekera komanso kuyaka kwamphamvu kwamafuta osakanikirana ndi mpweya, komanso kuchotseratu zinthu zoyaka, magalimoto amakhala ndi dongosolo lowonera ndi kutulutsa. Tiyeni tiwone chifukwa chomwe mukufunira kuchuluka kambiri, ndi chiyani, komanso zosankha zomwe mungakonze.

Cholinga chodya mobwerezabwereza

Gawoli lakonzedwa kuti lithandizire kupezeka kwa mpweya ndi VTS kuzipangizo zamagalimoto pomwe ikuyenda. M'magawo amakono amagetsi, zowonjezera zimaikidwa pagawo ili:

• Valavu wopumira (valavu yamlengalenga);
• Mpweya wothandizira;
• Carburetor (mu kusintha kwa carburetor);
• Majekeseni (mu injini zamkati zoyaka);
• Turbocharger yomwe yoyendetsa imayendetsedwa ndi zochuluka za utsi.

Timapereka kanema wamfupi wonena za izi:

Kulowetsa kambiri: mafunso omwe amafunsidwa kawirikawiri

Kapangidwe kapangidwe kazambiri ndi zomangamanga

Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimakhudza kuyendetsa bwino magalimoto ndi mawonekedwe a wokhometsa. Amaperekedwa ngati mapaipi angapo olumikizidwa ndi chitoliro cha nthambi imodzi. Fyuluta yamlengalenga imayikidwa kumapeto kwa chitoliro.

Chiwerengero cha matepi kumapeto ena chimadalira kuchuluka kwa zonenepa zamagalimoto. Kuchulukitsa komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi makina ogawira gasi m'dera lamagetsi olowera. Chimodzi mwazovuta za VC ndikumangirira mafuta pamakoma ake. Pofuna kupewa izi pamagetsi, mainjiniya apanga chitoliro chomwe chimapangitsa kusokonekera mkati mwa mzere. Pachifukwa ichi, mkatikati mwa mapaipi amangosiyidwa mwadala.

Maonekedwe a mapaipi ochulukirapo ayenera kukhala ndi magawo ake enieni. Choyamba, thirakitilo siliyenera kukhala ndi ngodya zakuthwa. Chifukwa cha ichi, mafuta amakhalabe pamwamba pa mapaipi, omwe adzatsekeka pamalopo ndikusintha magawo amlengalenga.

Chachiwiri, vuto lofala kwambiri lomwe mainjiniya amapitilizabe kulimbana nalo ndi zotsatira za Helmholtz. Valavu yakudya ikatseguka, mpweya umathamangira kulinga. Pambuyo pake, kutsegulaku kumangoyendabe ndi inertia, kenako ndikubwerera mwadzidzidzi. Chifukwa cha ichi, kukana kwamphamvu kumapangidwa, komwe kumalepheretsa kuyenda kwa gawo lotsatira mu chitoliro chachiwiri.

Zifukwa ziwirizi zikukakamiza opanga magalimoto kuti apange njira zochulukirapo zomwe zimapereka njira yosavuta yodyera.

Momwe ntchito

Zobwezedwa zambiri zimagwira ntchito m'njira yosavuta. Injini ikayamba, valavu yampweya imatseguka. Pakusunthira pisitoniyo mpaka pakatikati pomwalira pa sitiroko, chotupa chimapangidwa m'mimbamo. Valavu yolowera ikangotseguka, gawo lina la mpweya limayenda mwachangu kulowa mchimbamo.

Pakukoka, njira zosiyanasiyana zimachitika kutengera mtundu wamafuta:

• Mono jakisoni - gawo lotsatira la mpweya limaperekedwa kuchokera mu fyuluta. Imadutsa pa carburetor kapena m'mimbamo momwe imayikapo jekeseni wamafuta (ngati injini ili ndi galimoto ya jakisoni). M'mimbamo, mpweya umasakanikirana ndi mafuta. Chifukwa cha kutuluka kwa silinda, gawo ili limayamwa kudzera mu valavu yomwe idakwezedwa;
• Jekeseni wama point angapo - Ma jakisoni wamafuta amtundu uliwonse amapezeka mu chitoliro chilichonse. Valavu yofananira ikatsegulidwa, mpweya umaperekedwa kudzera pa chitoliro choyenera. Pa nthawi yomweyo, mafuta ndi atomized.
• Jekeseni mwachindunji - mpweya wokha umayamwa. Valavu imatsitsidwa, pisitoni imapanikiza mpweya mu silinda. Pamapeto pa kupsinjika, mafuta amaperekedwa mopanikizika kwa sing'anga wopanikizika kudzera mu injector. Mu injini zoyaka zamkati za dizilo, zimachitika chimodzimodzi, ndi mpweya wokha womwe umapanikizika kwambiri.

Ma injini onse amakono ali ndi zida zamagetsi zomwe zimayang'anira kupezeka kwa mpweya ndi mafuta. Izi zimapangitsa kuti galimotoyo ikhale yolimba. Makulidwe a ma nozzles amafanana ndi magawo a mota ngakhale panthawi yopanga magetsi.

Maonekedwe angapo

Ichi ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri, chomwe chimaperekedwa kufunikira kofunikira pakapangidwe kazakudya kosinthira kosiyana kwa injini. Mapaipi amayenera kukhala ndi gawo, kutalika ndi mawonekedwe. Kupezeka kwa ngodya zakuthwa, komanso kupindika kovuta, sikuloledwa.

Nazi zifukwa zina zomwe zimasamaliridwa kwambiri ku mapaipi ochulukirapo:

1. Mafuta amatha kukhazikika pamakoma a kapangidwe kake;
2. Pogwira ntchito yamagetsi, kumveka kwa Helmholtz kumawoneka;
3. Kuti dongosololi lizigwira ntchito moyenera, machitidwe achilengedwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, monga kukakamizidwa komwe kumachitika ndi mpweya kudzera pakudya kangapo.

Ngati mafuta amakhalabe pamakoma a mapaipi, izi zimatha kuyambitsa kuchepa kwa thirakiti, komanso kutseka kwake, komwe kungasokoneze magwiridwe antchito a magetsi.

Ponena za phokoso la Helmholtz, uwu ndi mutu wokalamba kwa okonza omwe amapanga zida zamagetsi zamakono. Chofunika cha izi ndikuti pamene chovala chotseka chatsekedwa, kupsyinjika kwamphamvu kumapangidwa, komwe kumatulutsa mpweya mosiyanasiyana. Valavu yolowera ikatsegulidwanso, kuthamanga kwakumbuyo kumapangitsa kuti madziwo agundane ndi kuthamanga kwa counter. Chifukwa cha izi, mawonekedwe amtundu wamagalimoto amachepetsedwa, komanso kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo kumawonjezekanso.

Kulowetsa kusintha kosintha kambiri

Makina achikulire ali ndi zobwezedwa zambiri. Komabe, ili ndi vuto limodzi - kuyendetsa bwino kwake kumangopezedwa pokhapokha pogwiritsa ntchito makina ochepa. Kukulitsa mtunduwo, njira yatsopano yapangidwa - Variable Header Geometry. Pali zosintha ziwiri - kutalika kwa njira kapena gawo lake lasinthidwa.

Kutalika kwakanthawi kosiyanasiyana

Kusinthidwa kumeneku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mlengalenga. Pa liwiro lochepa la crankshaft, njira yolowera iyenera kukhala yayitali. Izi zimawonjezera kuyankha kwamphamvu ndi makokedwe. Vuto likangowonjezeka, kutalika kwake kuyenera kuchepetsedwa kuti kuwulule kuthekera konse kwa mtima wa galimotoyo.

Kuti akwaniritse izi, valavu yapadera imagwiritsidwa ntchito yomwe imadula malaya akulu akulu kuyambira ang'onoang'ono mosemphanitsa. Njirayi imayendetsedwa ndi malamulo achilengedwe. Valavu ikadzatsekedwa, kutengera kuchuluka kwa kutuluka kwa mpweya (izi zimakhudzidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa kusinthasintha kwa crankshaft), kupsyinjika kumapangidwa, komwe kumayendetsa kaye.

Dongosololi limagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina amlengalenga, popeza mpweya umakakamizidwa kukhala mayunitsi turbocharged. Dongosolo mwa iwo limayendetsedwa ndi zamagetsi zamagawo olamulira.

Wopanga aliyense amayitanitsa dongosololi mwanjira yake: BMW ili nayo DIVA, Ford ili ndi DSI, Mazda ili ndi VRIS.

Zakudya zosiyanasiyana

Ponena za kusinthaku, itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu injini za mumlengalenga ndi ma turbocharged. Gawo la chitoliro cha nthambi likuchepa, kuthamanga kwamlengalenga kumawonjezeka. M'malo otakasuka, izi zimapangitsa mphamvu ya turbocharger, ndipo pamakakamizo amlengalenga, chitukuko chimapangitsa kuti turbocharger ikhale yosavuta.

Chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwambiri, kusakanikirana kwa mafuta ndi mpweya kumakhala kosakanikirana bwino, komwe kumapangitsa kuyaka kwake kwapamwamba kwambiri muzitsulo.

Osonkhanitsa a mtundu uwu ali ndi mawonekedwe apachiyambi. Pakhomo la silinda pali njira zopitilira imodzi, koma imagawika magawo awiri - gawo limodzi la valavu iliyonse. Mmodzi mwa ma valve ali ndi damper yomwe imayang'aniridwa ndi zamagetsi zamagalimoto pogwiritsa ntchito mota (kapena chotsitsira chotsukira chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwake).

Pa liwiro lochepa la crankshaft, BTC imadyetsedwa kudzera pa dzenje limodzi - valavu imodzi imagwira ntchito. Izi zimapanga malo amphepo yamkuntho, yomwe imathandizira kusakanikirana kwa mafuta ndi mpweya, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, kuyaka kwake kwapamwamba kwambiri.

Injini ikangothamanga, njira yachiwiri imatseguka. Izi zimabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu ya unit. Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi kuchuluka kwa kutalika kosiyanasiyana, opanga makinawa amatchula dzina lawo. Ford imafotokoza IMRC ndi CMCV, Opel - Twin Port, Toyota - VIS.

Kuti mumve zambiri za momwe otolerawa amakhudzira magetsi, onani kanema:

Wonjezerani mphamvu zamagetsi popanda chopangira mphamvu! Chilichonse chokhudza wokhometsa wa geometry wosintha.

Kudya zovuta zambiri

Zolakwitsa zomwe zimachitika pakudya ndi:

• Kuphwanya zolimba pamalo opangira ma gaskets;
• Kapangidwe ka mwaye ndi phula pamakoma amkati;
• Kupanga sitepe pamalumikizidwe (chopinga cha 2 mm ndikokwanira kuti mphamvu yamagetsi igwere pafupifupi XNUMX%, koma izi ndizochepa kwambiri);
• Kutentha kwambiri kuchokera kufupi ndi kuchuluka kwa utsi.

Nthawi zambiri, ma gaskets amataya katundu wawo mota zikatentha kwambiri kapena zikhomo zitamasulidwa.

Tiyeni tiwone momwe zovuta zina zazakudya zambiri zimapezeka komanso momwe zimakhudzira magwiridwe antchito.

Kutulutsa kozizira

Woyendetsa akawona kuti kuchuluka kwa antifreeze kumachepa pang'onopang'ono, poyendetsa, kumveka fungo losasangalatsa la chozizira, ndipo madontho a antifreeze atsopano amakhalabe pansi pa galimoto, ichi chitha kukhala chisonyezero cha kuchuluka kwa zolakwika. Kunena zowona, osati wokhometsa yekha, koma gasket loyikidwa pakati pa mapaipi ake ndi mutu wamphamvu.

Pama injini ena, ma gasket amagwiritsidwanso ntchito omwe amatsimikiziranso kukanika kwa jekete yozizira ya injini. Zovuta zotere sizinganyalanyazidwe, chifukwa pambuyo pake zimabweretsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa chipangizocho.

Kutulutsa kwa mpweya

Ichi ndi chisonyezo china cha gasket wambiri wambiri wodya. Ikhoza kupezeka motere. Injini imayamba, chitoliro chanthambi yamagetsi chimatsekedwa ndi pafupifupi 5-10%. Ngati kusinthaku sikukugwa, zikutanthauza kuti zochulukazo zikuyamwa mpweya kudzera mu gasket.

Kuwonongeka kwa zingalowe mu makina oyendetsa injini kumayambitsa liwiro losakhazikika kapena kulephera kwathunthu kwa mphamvu yamagetsi kuti igwire ntchito. Njira yokhayo yothetsera kusokonekera koteroko ndikubwezeretsa gasket.

Nthawi zambiri, kutulutsa mpweya kumatha kuchitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mapaipi (ma) ambiri omwe amadyetsa. Mwachitsanzo, kungakhale kung'ambika. Zofananazo zimachitika pakapangidwe kazitsulo mu payipi yopumira. Pankhaniyi, mbali izi m'malo ndi zatsopano.

Ngakhale kangapo, kutulutsa mpweya kumatha kuchitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa kudya. Gawoli liyenera kusinthidwa. Nthawi zina, kutuluka kovundikira kudzera pazambiri zopunduka kumadziwika ndi kutsokomera kochokera pansi pa nyumbayo pomwe injini ikuyenda.

Madipoziti a kaboni

Nthawi zambiri, kulephera koteroko kumachitika m'mayunitsi ama turbocharged. Madipoziti a kaboni amatha kuyambitsa injini kutaya mphamvu, kuwotcha ndikuwonjezera mafuta.

Chizindikiro china cha kusokonekera uku ndikutayika kwa samatha. Zimatengera kukula kwa mapaipi olowera. Amachotsedwa pochotsa ndikuyeretsa wokhometsa. Koma kutengera mtundu wa wokhometsa, ndikosavuta kumusintha m'malo moyeretsa. Izi ndichifukwa choti, nthawi zina, mawonekedwe a mphutsi samalola kuti kuchotsedwa koyenera kwa ma kaboni.

Mavuto ndi ma geometry omwe amadyetsa kusintha

Zowuluka mumlengalenga zamagalimoto ena zimayendetsedwa ndi chopukusira, pomwe zina zimayendetsedwa ndi magetsi. Mosasamala mtundu wa ma dampers omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, zinthu za mphira mkati mwake zimawonongeka, pomwe zidazo zimasiya kuthana ndi ntchito yawo.

Ngati damper drive ili ndi zingalowe, ndiye kuti mutha kuwona momwe imagwirira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito pampu yopumira. Ngati chida ichi palibe, syringe yanthawi zonse imachita. Pomwe chovalacho chikupezeka chikusowa, chiyenera kusinthidwa.

Kulephera kwina kwa damper drive ndikulephera kwa ma vacuum control solenoids (ma solenoid valves). Mu injini zokhala ndi zobwezedwa zochulukirapo zojambulidwa mosiyanasiyana, valavu imatha kuthyoka, yomwe imayendetsa posintha mawonekedwe a thirakitilo. Mwachitsanzo, imatha kupunduka kapena imatha kumamatira chifukwa chakumanga kaboni. Pakakhala kulephera koteroko, zochulukitsa zonse ziyenera kusinthidwa.

Kukonza zobwezedwa zambiri

Pakukonzanso kwa wokhometsa, kuwerengetsa kwa sensa komwe kumayikidwa kumatengedwa koyamba. Chifukwa chake mutha kutsimikiza kuti cholakwikacho chili munkhokwe iyi. Ngati kuwonongeka kuli kochulukirachulukira, ndiye kuti sikudalumikizidwe ndi mota. Njirayi imachitika m'magawo angapo:

• Dongosolo mafuta ndi sakukhudzidwa;
• Malo amachotsedwa pa batri;
• Chosefera mpweya chikuwonongedwa;
• Valavu yakukhotakhota yagwetsedwa;
• Ma bolt okwera azambiri samasulidwa ndipo gawolo limachotsedwa.

Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti zolakwika zina sizingakonzedwe. Mavavu ndi ma dampers ali mgululi. Ngati zaphwanyidwa kapena zikugwira ntchito kwakanthawi, ndiye kuti muyenera kuzisintha. Ngati sensa yawonongeka, kusokoneza msonkhano sikuyenera kutero. Poterepa, ECU ilandila kuwerengera kolakwika, komwe kungapangitse kukonzekera kosayenera kwa BTC ndikusokoneza magwiridwe antchito a mota. Matendawa amatha kuzindikira kusokonekera kumeneku.

Pakukonzanso, chisamaliro choyenera chimayenera kulipidwa kuzisindikizo zolumikizana. Gasket lomwe lang'ambika limayambitsa mavuto. Zowonjezerazo zikachotsedwa, mkati mwake mwazinthu zambiri muyenera kutsukidwa ndikuwatsuka.

Kutola kosonkhanitsa

Mwa kusintha mapangidwe azakudya zambiri, ndizotheka kukonza mawonekedwe amagetsi. Nthawi zambiri, wokhometsa amayang'aniridwa pazifukwa ziwiri:

1. Chotsani zovuta zoyambitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe ndi kutalika kwa mapaipi;
2. Kusintha zamkati, zomwe zithandizira kuyenda kwa mpweya / mafuta osakanikirana muzipilala.

Ngati zobwezazo zili ndi mawonekedwe osakanikirana, ndiye kuti kuyenda kwa mpweya kapena mafuta opangira mafuta kudzagawidwa mosagwirizana pazipilala. Ma voliyumu ambiri amapita ku silinda yoyamba, ndipo kwa aliyense wotsatira - yaying'ono.

Koma osonkhanitsa ofanana ali ndi zovuta zawo. Mukupanga uku, voliyumu yayikulu imalowa mkati mwazisilamu zapakati, ndi yaying'ono kulowa yakunja. Popeza mafuta osakaniza ndi mpweya ndi osiyana mosiyanasiyana, zonenepa zamagetsi zimayamba kugwira ntchito mosagwirizana. izi zimapangitsa mota kutaya mphamvu.

Pakukonzekera, zobwezedwa zambiri zimasinthidwa kukhala dongosolo lokhala ndi ma throttle angapo. Pachifukwa ichi, silinda iliyonse imakhala ndi valavu yapadera. Chifukwa cha ichi, kuyenda konse kwa mpweya kulowa mgalimoto sikuyenda pawokha.

Ngati kulibe ndalama zakusinthaku, mutha kuzichita nokha popanda ndalama zilizonse. Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwazinthu zambiri kumakhala ndi zolakwika zamkati mwamavuto kapena zosakhazikika. Amapanga chipwirikiti chomwe chimayambitsa chipwirikiti chosafunikira m'njira.

Chifukwa cha izi, zonenepa zimatha kudzaza bwino kapena mopanda kufanana. Izi nthawi zambiri sizimadziwika kwenikweni pang'onopang'ono. Koma dalaivala akayembekezera kuti ayankha pompopompo poyikapo petulo, mu injini zotere sizimakhutiritsa (zimatengera mawonekedwe amisonkho).

Pofuna kuthana ndi zotsatirazi, thirakiti limadyetsedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, simuyenera kubweretsa mawonekedwe ake kukhala abwino (ngati magalasi). Ndikokwanira kuchotsa kukhathamira. Kupanda kutero, mafuta amadzimadzi amadzipangira pamakoma amkati mwa magalasi.

Ndipo wochenjera kwambiri. Mukamakulitsa kuphatikiza kambiri, munthu sayenera kuiwala za malo omwe adakhazikitsira injini. Gasket imayikidwa pamalo pomwe mapaipi amalumikizidwa pamutu wamphamvu. Izi siziyenera kupanga sitepe, chifukwa chomwe mtsinjewo ukubwera udzawombana ndi chopinga.

Mapeto + VIDEO

Kotero, kufanana kwa kayendetsedwe ka mphamvu yamagetsi kumadalira gawo looneka ngati losavuta la injini, kuchuluka kodyetsa. Ngakhale kuti wokhometsa sali m'gulu la makina, koma kunja kwake ndi gawo losavuta, kuyendetsa injini kumadalira mawonekedwe, kutalika ndi mawonekedwe amkati amipope yake.

Monga mukuwonera, kuchuluka kwa mavutowa ndi gawo losavuta, koma zovuta zake zimatha kudetsa nkhawa mwini wa galimotoyo. Koma musanayambe kukonza, muyenera kuyang'ana machitidwe ena onse omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zofananira.

Nayi kanema wamfupi momwe mawonekedwe azakudya zambiri amakhudzira magwiridwe antchito a mphamvu:

Madyedwe ndi utsi zobwezedwa - ndi chiyani? Pafupifupi zovuta.

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Kodi kuchuluka kwa zakudya kumapezeka kuti? Ndi gawo la cholumikizira magalimoto. M'magawo a carburetor, chinthu ichi chazakudya chimakhala pakati pa carburetor ndi mutu wamphamvu. Ngati galimotoyo ili ndi jekeseni, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwake kumangolumikiza fyuluta ya mpweya ndi mabowo ofanana pamutu wamphamvu. Ma jakisoni wamafuta, kutengera mtundu wamafuta, adzaikidwa m'mipope yambiri kapena molunjika pamutu wamphamvu.

Kodi chimaphatikizidwa ndikudya kangati? Kuchulukitsa kumakhala ndi mapaipi angapo (kuchuluka kwawo kumadalira kuchuluka kwa zonenepa mu injini), zolumikizidwa mu chitoliro chimodzi. Mulinso chitoliro chochokera pagawo losefera. M'makina ena amafuta (jekeseni), ma jakisoni wamafuta amaikidwa m'mipope yoyenera injini. Ngati galimoto imagwiritsa ntchito carburetor kapena jakisoni wa mono, ndiye kuti chinthu ichi chidzaikidwa pamalo omwe mapaipi onse azakudya amalumikizidwa.

Kodi kudya mobwerezabwereza ndi chiyani? M'magalimoto akale, mpweya umaperekedwa ndikusakanikirana ndi mafuta munthawi zambiri. Ngati makina ali ndi jekeseni wachindunji, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwake kumangotulutsa mpweya wabwino.

Kodi njira zambiri zogulitsira zimagwira ntchito bwanji? Injini ikayamba, mpweya wabwino wochokera ku fyuluta ya mpweya umayenda kudzera muzolowera. Izi zimachitika mwina chifukwa cha kukakamiza kwachilengedwe kapena chifukwa cha machitidwe a turbine.