Vani ndi chiyani
Zamkatimu
Mu 1896, apainiya awiri ogulitsa magalimoto adayamba mutu wofunika kwambiri m'mbiri yamagalimoto. Chaka chino, galimoto yoyamba yapadziko lonse yochokera ku Daimler, Motoren-Gesellschaft, idaperekedwa kwa kasitomala ku London.
Galimotoyi inali ndi injini yamagetsi yamagetsi awiri a Phoenix yomwe idapanga liwiro lalikulu la ma 7 mamailosi pa ola limodzi ndipo inali ndi malipiro a 1500 kg. Pali mafunso ambiri okhudza ngati galimotoyo inali galimoto kapena galimoto, koma malinga ndi miyezo yathu masiku ano, ndiye kuti galimoto ingathe kunyamula.
Chaka chomwecho, Karl Benz adapanga galimoto yofanana ndi van yomwe idamangidwa pa chassis cha chonyamula chake chomwe adapanga. Ankagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka katundu ku sitolo ina ku Paris.
M'malo mwake, munali m'ma 1950 ndi 60 okha pomwe opanga zazikuluzikulu adayamba kupanga, kupanga ndikupanga ma vane omwe tikudziwa masiku ano, ambiri omwe akupangidwabe.
Mwachitsanzo, Volkswagen Type 2 (T1), yomwe idatulutsidwa mu 1950, inali m'badwo woyamba wamaveni a VW Transporter. Mtundu wamagalimotowu ukupangidwabe mpaka pano ndipo tsopano wafika poti iwuzenso T6.
Panthawiyi, Ford yoyamba kuvala baji yotchuka ya "Transit" inali galimoto yomangidwa pafakitale ya Cologne mu 1953. Komabe, van iyi sinatumizidwe kunja kwambiri ndipo tag ya "Mark 1" idagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku British Ford Transit van yomwe idapangidwa pakati pa 1965 ndi 1978.
Vani ndi mtundu wagalimoto womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kunyamula katundu kapena anthu. Nthawi zambiri imakhala yofanana ndi ma kiyubiki, yayitali komanso yayitali kuposa magalimoto koma yaying'ono kuposa magalimoto. Zotchingira zonyamula katundu nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa kuseri kwa mipando yakutsogolo ya ma vani ambiri kuti apewe kuvulala komwe kumachitika chifukwa chakuthamanga kwadzidzidzi kapena kutsika kwa katundu. Nthawi zina zitseko zimakhala ndi zotchingira katundu zomwe zimalola madalaivala kudutsa malo onyamula katundu. Mawu akuti van otanthauza magalimoto adawoneka ngati kutsutsana ndi mawu oti caravan. Malinga ndi tanthauzo loyambirira la ngolo, ndi ngolo yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ponyamula katundu.
Magalimoto amenewa si akale. Komabe, anthu ambiri amakonda kugula ma vani chifukwa amapereka malo ambiri, amapangitsa kuyenda momasuka komanso njira yotetezeka. Iyi ndi galimoto yabwino kwa mabanja akuluakulu. Kutengera zosowa za ogula, pali ma vani ambiri omwe amapezeka pamsika: ma van, okwera, minibus ndi ena ambiri. Mavans ena otchuka omwe amatha kuwoneka m'misewu tsopano ndi Nissan Quest LE, Toyota Sienna XLE, Subaru 360 van.
Van: mawonekedwe apadera
Ngati munthu sadziwa zambiri zamagalimoto, koma akufuna kumvetsetsa galimoto pafupi ndi iye kapena galimoto wamba, ndikwanira kuti mumvetse momwe kapangidwe kake ndi mawonekedwe amtunduwu wamagalimoto amachokera.
Galimoto
Ngati galimoto yabanja lanu ndi sedan yokhazikika, station wagon, kapena hatchback, ndiye kuti ndi galimoto yonyamula anthu.
Magalimoto ali ndi mipando yokhazikika kapena yopinda kumapeto, mawindo ndi zitseko zonyamula anthu, ndi ziboda zomwe zimakwera kuchokera pansi.
Van
Galimoto imawerengedwa ngati galimoto ngati ili ndi imodzi kapena zingapo mwa izi:
1. Malo opitilira asanu ndi atatu
2. Malo agalimoto awiri (malo osiyana oyendetsa ndi okwera kumbuyo kwa galimoto)
3. Katundu wonyamula kumbuyo, wopangidwira kunyamula katundu (wopanda kapena denga)
4. Ngati makina alibe mawindo kumbuyo kwake
5. Ngati galimoto itanyamula zonse kuposa 1000 kg
6. Ngati cholinga chake choyambirira chinali malonda komanso zoweta
Kulemba
Ma Vans tsopano akutchuka kwambiri mdziko lamakono. Makamaka, amafunidwa pakati pa anthu omwe amakhala kutali ndi mzindawo kuti agule katundu wambiri pazosowa zawo, kapena kuchokera kwa amalonda kuti athandizire kutumiza katundu. Vans itha kugawidwa m'mitundu ingapo:
Kutumiza maveni
Magalimoto oterewa amapangidwa motengera magalimoto a "station wagon". Amasiyana poti nyumba yapadera imayikidwa pamakina otere, omwe amakhala kuseli kwa kasitomala.
Zitsulo zonse zachitsulo
Mwa kapangidwe kameneka, malo omwe dalaivala amapezeka komanso chipinda chonyamula katundu sichinagawike m'magawo osiyana. Mitundu yambiri yazonyamula katundu imatha kukhala chifukwa cha kalasi iyi.
Ma veni a mabokosi
Poterepa, pomwe katundu adasiyanitsidwa ndi kanyumba woyendetsa. Izi zimalola mabokosi osiyanasiyana kuti akhazikitsidwe pamakina pamafelemu omwe adakonzedweratu. Kwenikweni, maveni amtunduwu amapezeka pagalimoto zamalonda.
Magwiridwe a galimoto amasiyana malinga ndi momwe thupi limapangidwira. Ponena za mitundu yamapangidwe a van, zotsatirazi zitha kusiyanitsidwa:
Chingwe
Kapangidwe ka van yamtunduwu ndi chimango cholimba kwambiri chachitsulo. Zipangizo zodumulira zimaphatikizidwanso pamenepo. Izi zitha kukhala awnings, chitsulo chosanjikiza, plywood yamitundu yosiyanasiyana, mapanelo a thovu, etc.
Opanda malire
Kupanga koteroko kwa maveni kumakhazikika pamapangidwe a sangweji, okhala ndi mapanelo awiri akunja ndi othandizira okhala ndi zigawo zingapo zamkati ndi zakunja. Zonsezi zimapereka chisindikizo chabwino komanso kutsika pang'ono kwamagalimoto. Kuti mupange dongosolo lotere, chimango sichifunika.
Mitundu
Ndi mitundu yanji yamaveni yomwe ilipo?
Tiyeni tiwone mitundu ina yotchuka kwambiri ndi mafotokozedwe a maveni, ophatikizidwa ndi kukula ndi mtundu:
Maveni ang'onoang'ono
Kukula ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri pagalimoto, kotero kuti chitha kukhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kuposa mtundu wa vani. Maveni ang'onoang'ono ngati Citroen Berlingo ali ndi njinga yayifupi komanso kuyendetsa bwino, koma mwachidziwikire amapereka zochepa zolipira.
Ma voti apakatikati
Kulimbitsa bwino kusiyana pakati pa ma vani ang'onoang'ono ndi akulu, ma voti apakatikati amapereka malo ambiri osungira komanso maulendo abwino omwe sali osiyana ndi galimoto yonyamula wamba. Ma voti oyenda pamisasa komanso ma voya apakatikati monga Ford Transit Custom amadziwika kuti ndi ma vans apakatikati.
Maveni akulu
Kupereka kulipira kokwanira, maveni akulu amakhala ndi njinga yayitali ndipo amayendetsa bwino chifukwa chokhala ndi malo ambiri pakati pama axles. Maveni akulu ngati ma Luton / maveni, ma Mercedes-Benz Sprinter ndiwo maveni akulu kwambiri.
Bokosi / 4 × 4
Zithunzi ndizodziwika mosavuta chifukwa ali ndi chipinda chotsegula kumbuyo kumbuyo kwa kanyumba, ngati Mitsubishi L200. Imawonanso ngati galimoto, mtundu wamtunduwu nthawi zambiri umabwera pagalimoto kapena mawilo anayi ndipo ndiwotchuka pakati pa anthu omwe amakonda kugula kamodzi.
Ma vombi a Combi
Amatha kunyamula bwino anthu ndi / kapena katundu, ma combo kapena ma carbo okwera ambiri amaphatikizira mipando yopindira kuti iwonjezere malo okwera. Zitsanzo zamaveni ophatikizira ndi Renault Trafic.
Minibus
Zabwino kwambiri m'mabanja akulu, ma minibus ndi magalimoto osiyanasiyana amakhala ndi mipando yokwanira isanu ndi iwiri, iwiri yomwe iyenera kupindana pansi. Galimoto yamtunduwu iyenera kupereka chitonthozo ndikutambalala, monga momwe Volkswagen Caravelle imathandizira.
Luton / bokosi van
Galimoto yamtunduwu imaphatikizapo thupi lotsekedwa - lalitali, malo onyamula katundu - okhala ndi kabati yosiyana ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala okulirapo kuposa vani yamapaneli. Chitsanzo cha galimoto ya Luton ndi Peugeot Boxer. Mtundu uwu wa van umakonda kwambiri ndi otumiza ndi oyendetsa katundu, chifukwa mawonekedwe a square amapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kupereka phukusi lalikulu kapena katundu wambiri. Ma vaniwa nthawi zambiri amangofikirika kuchokera kuzitseko zakumbuyo ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zokweza kuti azitha kunyamula mosavuta, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amakhala okwera kuchokera pansi.
Kutayira galimoto / van
Kunena zowona, magalimoto otayira kapena ma vans otsika ndi kagulu kakang'ono kagalimoto, koma ndi nsanja yomwe imakwera kutsogolo kuti "ikuwongolera" zomwe zili kumbuyo. Magalimoto ena otayira amakulolani kupendekera mbali zonse, komanso kumbuyo, ngati Ford Transit Dropside.
Mafunso ndi Mayankho:
Ndi magalimoto onyamula katundu otani? Pali ma vani okhala ndi awning, mafiriji, isothermal, "agulugufe" (mbali zimakwera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kutsegula / kutsitsa galimoto).
Ndi ma vani amtundu wanji omwe alipo? Mtundu wa van umadalira cholinga chake. Pali mkate, isothermal, "sangweji", zinthu zopangidwa, firiji, awning, vani (otembenuzidwa magalimoto), zitsulo zonse, mabokosi (zochokera pa galimoto).
Kodi transport yonyamula katundu ndi chiyani? Awa ndi magalimoto omwe ali ndi chipinda chonyamula katundu, ndipo kutalika kwa galimoto kumaposa mamita 6. Gululi limaphatikizanso magalimoto opitilira 14 metres.
