Kodi jakisoni ndi chiyani: chida, kuyeretsa ndi kuyendera

Majekeseni a injini zamagalimoto ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu za jekeseni ndi injini ya dizilo mphamvu. Panthawi yogwira ntchito, ma nozzles amatsekedwa, kutuluka, kulephera. Werengani kuti mudziwe zambiri.

Nozzle ndi chiyani

Nozzle ndi gawo lofunikira la dongosolo lamafuta a injini, lomwe limapereka mafuta ku ma silinda nthawi inayake pamlingo wina. Majekeseni amafuta amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu dizilo, jekeseni, komanso mayunitsi amagetsi a mono-injector. Mpaka pano, pali mitundu ingapo ya nozzles yomwe ili yosiyana kwambiri ndi mzake. 

Malo ndi mfundo zogwirira ntchito

Malinga ndi mtundu wamafuta, jakisoni akhoza kupezeka m'malo angapo, monga:

• jakisoni wapakati ndi mono-injector, kutanthauza kuti nozzle imodzi yokha imagwiritsidwa ntchito mumafuta, yomwe imayikidwa panjira yolowera, nthawi yomweyo isanachitike valavu yamagetsi. Ndilo mgwirizano wapakatikati pakati pa carburetor ndi jekeseni wathunthu;
• anagawira jekeseni - jekeseni. Mphunoyi imayikidwa muzobweza zambiri, zosakanikirana ndi mpweya wolowa mu silinda. Zimazindikirika ndi ntchito yokhazikika, chifukwa chakuti mafuta amatsuka valavu yowonongeka, imakhala yochepa kwambiri ku carbon fouling;
• jekeseni mwachindunji - nozzles wokwera mwachindunji yamphamvu mutu. M'mbuyomu, dongosololi linkagwiritsidwa ntchito pa injini za dizilo, ndipo pofika zaka za m'ma 90 m'zaka zapitazi, akatswiri oyendetsa galimoto anayamba kuyesa jekeseni mwachindunji pa jekeseni pogwiritsa ntchito mpope wothamanga kwambiri (pampu yamafuta apamwamba), zomwe zinapangitsa kuti ziwonjezeke. mphamvu ndi mphamvu poyerekeza ndi jekeseni wogawidwa. Masiku ano, jakisoni wachindunji amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, makamaka pamainjini a turbocharged.

Cholinga ndi mitundu yamabampu

Jekeseni ndi gawo lomwe limalowetsa mafuta mchipinda choyaka moto. Kapangidwe kake, ndi valavu yamagetsi yomwe imayang'aniridwa ndi makina oyang'anira zamagetsi. Pa mapu a mafuta a ECU, mitengo imayikidwa, kutengera kuchuluka kwa injini, nthawi yotsegulira, nthawi yomwe singano ya injector imakhala yotseguka, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mafuta obayidwa kumatsimikizika. 

Mawotchi amphuno

Majekeseni amakina amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa injini za dizilo, zomwe zidayamba ndi nthawi ya injini yoyaka moto yamkati ya dizilo. Mapangidwe a mphuno yotereyi ndi ophweka, monga momwe amachitira: pamene kupanikizika kwina kukufika, singano imatsegula.

"Mafuta a dizilo" amaperekedwa kuchokera mu thanki yamafuta kupita pampope wa jakisoni. Mu pampu yamafuta, kupanikizika kumapangika ndipo mafuta a dizilo amagawidwa pamzerewu, pambuyo pake gawo la "dizilo" lokakamizidwa limalowa mchipinda choyaka moto kudzera pamphuno, kukakamiza kwa singano ya buluyo kumachepa ndikutseka. 

Kamangidwe kameneka ndi kosavuta: thupi, lomwe mkati mwake mumakhala singano yokhala ndi kutsitsi, akasupe awiri.

Ma jakisoni wamagetsi

Majakisoni otere akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito mu injini za jakisoni kwa zaka zopitilira 30. Kutengera kusinthidwa kwa jekeseni wamafuta kumachitika mosavomerezeka kapena kugawidwa pamphamvu. Ntchito yomanga ndiyosavuta:

• nyumba yolumikizira cholumikizira magetsi;
• vavu malemeredwe kumulowetsa;
• nangula wamagetsi wamagetsi;
• potseka kasupe;
• singano, ndi spray ndi nozzle;
• kusindikiza mphete;
• sefa sefa.

Mfundo yogwirira ntchito: ECU imatumiza mphamvu pamakina oyendetsa injini, ndikupanga gawo lamagetsi lomwe limagwira pa singano. Pakadali pano, mphamvu ya kasupe yafooka, zida zimachotsedwa, singano ikukwera, kumasula mphuno. Valavu yolamulira imatseguka ndipo mafuta amalowa mu injini panthawi inayake. ECU imakhazikitsa nthawi yotsegulira, nthawi yomwe valavu imakhala yotseguka, komanso nthawi yomwe singano imatseka. Izi zimabwereza kugwiranso ntchito kwa injini yoyaka mkati, zosachepera 200 zimachitika pamphindi.

Zamagetsi-hayidiroliki nozzles

Kugwiritsa ntchito jakisoni wotere kumachitika mu injini za dizilo zokhala ndi makina apakompyuta (jekeseni pampu) ndi Common Rail. Pampu yamagetsi yamagetsi imakhala ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

• nozzle ndi singano yotseka;
• kasupe ndi pisitoni;
• chipinda cholamulira ndi kupopera chakudya;
• kuda kutsamwa
• chisangalalo kumulowetsa ndi cholumikizira;
• kulowetsa mafuta;
• kukhetsa njira (kubwerera).

Chiwembu cha ntchito: jekeseni wa jekeseni umayamba ndi valavu yotsekedwa. Pali pisitoni m'chipinda chowongolera, momwe mafuta amathandizira, pomwe singano yotseka "imakhala" mwamphamvu pampando. ECU imapereka magetsi kumunda kumulowetsa ndipo mafuta amaperekedwa kwa injector. 

Phulusa lamagetsi lamagetsi

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagulu a dizilo okha. Lero, kapangidwe kake kakupita patsogolo kwambiri, popeza kamwa ka piezo kamapereka dosing yolondola kwambiri, ngodya ya utsi, kuyankha mwachangu, komanso kupopera mbewu zingapo munthawi imodzi. Nozzle ili ndi magawo ofanana ndi zamagetsi zamagetsi, koma imangokhala ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

• piezoelectric amafotokozera;
• ma pistoni awiri (valavu yosintha ndi kasupe ndi pusher);
• valavu;
• mbale fulumizitsa.

Mfundo yogwirira ntchito imachitika posintha kutalika kwa chinthu chopangira ma piezo pamene magetsi agwiritsidwa ntchito. Pamene kugunda kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, chinthu chopangira ma piezoelectric, posintha kutalika kwake, chimagwira pisitoni ya pusher, valavu yosintha imatsegulidwa ndipo mafuta amaperekedwa kukhetsa. Kuchuluka kwa mafuta ojambulidwa ndi dizilo kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kutalika kwa magetsi kuchokera ku ECU.

Mavuto ndi kuwonongeka kwa majekeseni a injini        

Kuti injini igwire ntchito mokhazikika komanso pakapita nthawi kuti isatenge mafuta ochulukirapo ndi kuwonjezereka kwamphamvu, ndikofunikira kuyeretsa atomizer nthawi ndi nthawi. Akatswiri ambiri amalangiza kuchita zimenezi zodzitetezera pambuyo 20-30 makilomita zikwi. Ngakhale kuti lamuloli limakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa maola komanso mtundu wamafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

M'galimoto yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'matauni, imayenda motsatira ma tofi, ndi mafuta owonjezera kulikonse komwe imagunda, ma nozzles amafunika kutsukidwa nthawi zambiri - patatha pafupifupi makilomita 15.

Mosasamala mtundu wa nozzle, malo ake opweteka kwambiri ndi mapangidwe a plaque mkati mwa gawolo. Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri ngati mafuta otsika kwambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chifukwa cha chipilalachi, atomizer ya jekeseni imasiya kugawa mafuta mofanana mu silinda yonse. Nthawi zina zimachitika kuti mafuta amangophulika. Chifukwa cha ichi, sichimasakanikirana bwino ndi mpweya.

Chotsatira chake, mafuta ambiri samawotcha, koma amaponyedwa muzitsulo zotayira. Popeza kusakaniza kwamafuta a mpweya sikutulutsa mphamvu zokwanira pa kuyaka, injini imataya mphamvu yake. Pachifukwa ichi, dalaivala ayenera kukanikiza kwambiri gasi pedal, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafuta azigwiritsidwa ntchito mopitirira muyeso, ndipo kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake kakupitirizabe kugwa.

Nazi zizindikiro zingapo zomwe zingasonyeze mavuto a jekeseni:

1. Kuyamba kovuta kwa injini;
2. Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta kwawonjezeka;
3. Kutaya mphamvu;
4. Dongosolo la utsi limatulutsa utsi wakuda ndi fungo la mafuta osapsa;
5. Kuyandama kapena kusakhazikika kwachabechabe (nthawi zina, mota imayimilira pa XX).

Zifukwa za kutsekeka kwa nozzles

Zomwe zimayambitsa kutsekeka kwa ma jekeseni amafuta ndi:

• Mafuta osakhala bwino (zochuluka za sulfure);
• Kuwonongeka kwa makoma amkati a gawolo chifukwa cha dzimbiri;
• Kuvala kwachibadwa ndi kung'ambika kwa gawo;
• Kusinthidwa mosayembekezereka kwa fyuluta yamafuta (chifukwa cha chinthu chotsekedwa, chopukutira chikhoza kuchitika m'dongosolo lomwe limaswa chinthucho, ndipo mafuta amayamba kuyenda zonyansa);
• Kuphwanya mu unsembe wa nozzle;
• Kutentha kwambiri;
• Chinyezi chinalowa mumphuno (izi zikhoza kuchitika mu injini za dizilo ngati mwini galimotoyo sachotsa condensate pa sump ya mafuta).

Nkhani yamafuta otsika imafunikira chidwi chapadera. Mosiyana ndi zomwe anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti mchenga ting'onoting'ono ukhoza kutseka jekeseni wa jekeseni mu petulo, izi zimachitika kawirikawiri. Chifukwa chake ndikuti dothi lonse, ngakhale tizigawo tating'ono tating'ono, timasefedwa mosamala mumafuta amafuta pomwe mafuta amaperekedwa kumphuno.

Kwenikweni, mphunoyo imakutidwa ndi dothi lochokera kugawo lolemera la mafuta. Nthawi zambiri, zimapanga mkati mwa nozzle pambuyo dalaivala kuzimitsa injini. Pamene injini ikugwira ntchito, chotchinga cha silinda chimakhazikika ndi dongosolo lozizira, ndipo mphuno yokhayo imakhala itakhazikika chifukwa cha kudya mafuta ozizira.

Injini ikasiya kugwira ntchito, mumitundu yambiri yamagalimoto, choziziritsa chimasiya kuzungulira (pampu imalumikizidwa mwamphamvu ndi crankshaft kudzera pa lamba wanthawi). Pachifukwa ichi, kutentha kwakukulu kumakhalabe m'masilinda kwakanthawi, koma nthawi yomweyo sikufika pachimake poyatsira mafuta.

Pamene injini ikugwira ntchito, magawo onse a mafuta amawotchedwa. Koma ikasiya kugwira ntchito, tizigawo ting'onoting'ono timasungunuka chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri. Koma magawo olemera a mafuta kapena dizilo sangathe kusungunuka chifukwa cha kutentha kosakwanira, choncho amakhalabe pamakoma a mphuno.

Ngakhale kuti chipikachi sichili chokhuthala, ndikwanira kusintha gawo la valavu mumphuno. Sizingatseke bwino pakapita nthawi, ndipo zikachotsedwa, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe titha kulowa mu atomizer ndikusintha mawonekedwe opopera.

Zigawo zolemera za petulo nthawi zambiri zimapangidwira pamene zowonjezera zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, mwachitsanzo, zomwe zimawonjezera chiwerengero cha octane. Komanso, izi zikhoza kuchitika ngati malamulo oyendetsa kapena kusunga mafuta m'matangi akuluakulu akuphwanyidwa.

Zachidziwikire, kutsekeka kwa majekeseni amafuta kumachitika pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti dalaivala azindikire kuchulukira pang'ono kwa injini kapena kuchepa kwa mphamvu zamagalimoto. Nthawi zambiri, vuto la jekeseni limawonekera kwambiri ndi liwiro la injini yosakhazikika kapena zovuta zoyambira. Koma zizindikiro izi ndi khalidwe la malfunctions ena galimoto.

Koma asanayambe kuyeretsa jekeseni, mwiniwake wa galimoto ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti kusayenda bwino kwa injini sikukugwirizana ndi machitidwe ena, monga kuwonongeka kwa magetsi kapena mafuta. Chisamaliro chiyenera kuperekedwa kwa ma nozzles pokhapokha machitidwe ena atafufuzidwa, zowonongeka zomwe zimakhala ndi zizindikiro zofanana ndi za jekeseni wotsekedwa.

Njira zotsukira ma jakisoni

Ma jakisoni wamafuta amakhala otseka panthawi yogwira ntchito. Ichi ndi chifukwa mafuta otsika, komanso m'malo mwadzidzidzi wa sefa ndi coarse mafuta fyuluta. Pambuyo pake, magwiridwe antchito a mphuno amachepetsa, ndipo izi zimadzaza ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha m'chipinda choyaka moto, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti pisitoni ipsa posachedwa. 

Njira yosavuta yochotsera ma jekeseni a jekeseni wogawidwa, chifukwa ndikosavuta kuwatsuka kuti ayeretse kwambiri pamtondo, pomwe ndizotheka kugwirizanitsa matayala ndi kutsitsi. 

Kuyeretsa ndi mtundu wa Wynns kutsuka madzi pamtondo. Ma nozzles amaikidwa pachitetezo, madzi amatsanulira mu thanki, osachepera 0.5 malita, nozzle ya nozzle iliyonse imamizidwa m'mabotolo omwe amagawanika ml, zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wowongolera magwiridwe antchito. Pafupifupi, kuyeretsa kumatenga mphindi 30-45, pambuyo pake mphete za O paming'oma zimasinthidwa ndikuziyika m'malo mwake. Kuchuluka kwa kuyeretsa kumatengera mtundu wa mafuta komanso kusintha kwa fyuluta yamafuta, pafupifupi makilomita 50. 

Kuyeretsa zamadzimadzi osachotsa. Makina amadzi amalumikizidwa ndi njanji yamafuta. Payipi yomwe madzi amadzimadzi azithandizire amalumikizidwa ndi njanji yamafuta. Kusakaniza kumaperekedwa pansi pa mpweya wa 3-6, injini imayendetsa pa iyo kwa mphindi 30. Njirayi ndiyofunikanso, koma palibe kuthekera kosinthira mawonekedwe opopera ndi zokolola. 

Kukonza ndi zowonjezera mafuta. Njirayi nthawi zambiri imatsutsidwa ngati mphamvu yosakaniza chotsukira ndi mafuta ndi yokayikitsa. M'malo mwake, izi zimagwira ntchito ngati ma nozzles sanatseke, ngati njira yodzitetezera - chida chabwino kwambiri. Pamodzi ndi ma nozzles, pampu yamafuta imatsukidwa, tinthu tating'onoting'ono timakankhidwa kudzera mumzere wamafuta. 

Akupanga kuyeretsa. Njirayi imagwira ntchito pokhapokha kuchotsa ma jakisoni. Choyimira chapadera chimakhala ndi chida chopanga chomwe mphamvu yake idatsimikizika. Pambuyo pokonza, phula limachotsedwa, lomwe silimatsukidwa ndi madzi akuchapa. Chofunikira ndichakuti musaiwale kusintha sefa wa sefa yanu ngati ma nozzles anu ndi dizilo kapena jekeseni wachindunji. 

Kumbukirani kuti mutatsuka jakisoni, ndibwino kuti musinthe fyuluta yamafuta, komanso fyuluta yoyera yomwe imayikidwa pampu wamafuta. 

Akupanga nozzle kuyeretsa

Njirayi ndiyovuta kwambiri ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamilandu yonyalanyazidwa kwambiri. Pochita izi, ma nozzles onse amachotsedwa mu injini, amaikidwa pamalo apadera. Imayang'ana mawonekedwe opopera musanayeretse ndikufanizira zotsatira pambuyo poyeretsa.

Kuyimilira koteroko kumatsanzira ntchito ya jekeseni wa galimoto, koma m'malo mwa mafuta kapena dizilo, woyeretsa wapadera amadutsa mumphuno. Panthawi imeneyi, madzi akuthamanga amapanga thovu ting'onoting'ono (cavitation) chifukwa cha valavu oscillations mu nozzle. Amawononga chipika chomwe chimapangidwa mumsewu wachigawo. Pamalo omwewo, ntchito ya jekeseni imafufuzidwa ndipo imatsimikiziridwa ngati ndizomveka kuzigwiritsa ntchito mopitirira, kapena ngati kuli kofunikira m'malo mwa majekeseni amafuta.

Ngakhale kuyeretsa kwa ultrasonic ndi imodzi mwa njira zothandiza kwambiri, ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri. Wina kuipa akupanga kuyeretsa ndi kuti katswiri mwaluso kuchita zimenezi. Apo ayi, mwini galimotoyo amangotaya ndalama.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa jekeseni

Injini zonse zamakono zili ndi jekeseni wamafuta, chifukwa poyerekeza ndi carburetor, ili ndi zabwino zingapo:

1. Chifukwa cha atomization yabwino, kusakaniza kwamafuta a mpweya kumayaka kwathunthu. Izi zimafuna mafuta ochepa, ndipo mphamvu zambiri zimatulutsidwa kuposa pamene BTS imapangidwa ndi carburetor.
2. Ndi mafuta ochepa (ngati tiyerekeze injini zofanana ndi carburetor ndi jekeseni), mphamvu ya unit mphamvu ndi yaikulu kwambiri.
3. Ndi ntchito yoyenera ya jekeseni, injini imayamba mosavuta nyengo iliyonse.
4. Palibe chifukwa chothandizira ma jekeseni amafuta pafupipafupi.

Koma luso lililonse lamakono lili ndi zovuta zingapo zazikulu:

1. Kukhalapo kwa zigawo zambiri zamakina kumawonjezera madera omwe angathe kusweka.
2. Majekeseni amafuta amakhudzidwa ndi kutsika kwamafuta.
3. Kukanika kulephera kapena kufunikira koyeretsa, kubwezeretsa kapena kutulutsa jekeseni nthawi zambiri kumakhala kokwera mtengo.

Kanema pa mutuwo

Nayi kanema wachidule wamomwe mungayatsire majekeseni amafuta kunyumba:

Ma Nozzles otsika mtengo a Super Flushing DIY komanso Mwachangu

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Kodi majekeseni a injini ndi chiyani? Ndilo gawo la dongosolo lamafuta agalimoto lomwe limapereka ma metered amafuta kuzinthu zochulukirapo kapena mwachindunji kwa silinda.

Ndi mitundu yanji ya nozzles yomwe ilipo? Majekeseni, kutengera mtundu wa injini ndi makina apakompyuta, amatha kukhala makina, maginito, piezoelectric, hydraulic.

Kodi mphuno za galimoto zili kuti? Zimatengera mtundu wamafuta amafuta. M'magawo ogawa mafuta, amayikidwa muzolowera zambiri. Mu jekeseni mwachindunji, iwo anaika mu yamphamvu mutu.