Galimoto ya nitric oxide sensa: cholinga, chida, zovuta

Mndandanda wazida zamagalimoto amakono umaphatikizapo zida zina zambiri zomwe zimapereka chitonthozo kwa woyendetsa komanso okwera, komanso zimapangitsa kuti galimoto ikhale yotetezeka pama liwiro osiyanasiyana. Koma kukhwimitsa miyezo yazachilengedwe, makamaka yamagalimoto a dizilo, kukakamiza opanga kuti akonzekere mitundu yawo ndi zida zina zomwe zimapatsa mphamvu zoyatsira zotsukira.

Zina mwazida izi ndi jakisoni wa urea. Takambirana kale mwatsatanetsatane za izi. kubwereza kwina... Tsopano tiwunika pa sensa, popanda zomwe dongosololi siligwira ntchito, kapena lingagwire ntchito ndi zolakwika. Tiyeni tiwone chifukwa chake sensa ya NOx imafunika osati mu dizilo yokha, komanso m'galimoto yamafuta, momwe imagwirira ntchito, komanso momwe ingadziwire kusokonekera kwake.

Kodi Car Nitric oxide Sensor ndi chiyani?

Dzina lina la senitrojeni oxide sensa ndi wonenepa wosakaniza sensa. Wokonda magalimoto mwina sangadziwe kuti galimoto yake ikhoza kukhala ndi zida zotere. Chinthu chokha chomwe chingasonyeze kupezeka kwa chojambulira ichi ndi chizindikiro chofanana pa dashboard (Check Engine).

Chida ichi chimayikidwa pafupi ndi chothandizira. Kutengera kusinthidwa kwa chomera, pakhoza kukhala masensa awiri otere. Imodzi imayikidwa kumtunda kwa chowunikira chothandizira ndi ina kutsika. Mwachitsanzo, dongosolo la AdBlue nthawi zambiri limagwira ntchito ndi masensa awiri okha. Izi ndizofunikira kuti utsi ukhale ndi zocheperako za nitrojeni okusayidi. Ngati dongosololi silikugwira bwino ntchito, galimotoyo silingakwaniritse zomwe chilengedwe chimapangidwa ndi wopanga.

Mitengo yambiri yamafuta yomwe imagawidwa ndi jakisoni wamafuta (zosintha zina zamafuta amafotokozedwa kubwereza kwina) pezani sensa ina yomwe imalemba kuchuluka kwa mpweya mu utsi. Chifukwa cha kafukufuku wa lambda, gawo loyang'anira limayang'anira chisakanizo cha mafuta mlengalenga kutengera katundu wamagetsi. Werengani zambiri za cholinga ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka sensa yowerengedwa apa.

Cholinga cha chipangizocho

Poyamba, kokha dizilo anali okonzeka ndi jekeseni mwachindunji, koma galimoto amakono ndi injini mafuta, dongosolo mafuta sichilinso chodabwitsa. Kusintha kwa jakisoni uku kumalola kuti ukadaulo wambiri upangidwe mu injini. Chitsanzo cha ichi ndi njira yotsekera ma cylinders angapo pamitengo yocheperako. Umisiri woterewu sikuti umangolola kuti pakhale mafuta ochulukirapo, komanso kuti achotse magwiridwe antchito apamwamba.

Injini yokhala ndi jakisoni wamafuta wogwira ntchito yocheperako, makina amagetsi amapanga chisakanizo chochepa (osachepera mpweya woipa). Koma pakuyaka kwa VTS kotere, utsiwo umakhala ndi mpweya wochuluka wambiri, kuphatikiza nayitrogeni okusayidi ndi kaboni. Ponena za mankhwala a kaboni, samasinthidwa ndi chothandizira (momwe chimagwirira ntchito komanso momwe angadziwire zolakwika zake, werengani payokha). Komabe, mankhwala a nitrogenous ndi ovuta kwambiri kusiyanitsa.

Vuto la kuchuluka kwa zinthu za poizoni mwina limathetsedwa mwa kukhazikitsa chowonjezera china, chomwe ndi chosungira (nitrogen oxides imagwidwa mmenemo). Zida zoterezi zimakhala ndi malire osungira zinthu ndipo ZOLEMBEDWA siziyenera kulembedwa kuti mpweya wotuluka uwonongeke momwe ungathere. Ntchitoyi ndi yokometsera dzina lomwelo.

M'malo mwake, iyi ndi kafukufuku wofanana wa lambda, amangoyikidwa pokhapokha chothandizira posungira mafuta. Dongosolo lotulutsa utsi la dizilo limachepetsa kusintha kwa othandizira ndipo kumbuyo kwake kuli chida choyezera. Ngati chojambulira choyamba chikukonza kapangidwe ka BTC, ndiye kuti chachiwiri chimakhudza mpweya wamafuta. Masensawa amaphatikizidwa pamakonzedwe oyenera amachitidwe othandizira othandizira.

Sensulo ya NOx ikazindikira kuchuluka kwa mankhwala a nitrogenous, chipangizocho chimatumiza chizindikiritso ku gawo loyang'anira. Algorithm yofananira imayambitsidwa mu microprocessor, ndipo malamulo ofunikira amatumizidwa kwa oyambitsa mafuta, mothandizidwa ndi kukhathamiritsa kwa mafuta osakaniza mpweya kumakonzedwa.

Pankhani ya injini ya dizilo, chizindikiro chofanana kuchokera ku sensa chimayang'aniridwa ndi jekeseni wa urea. Zotsatira zake, mankhwala amapopera mumtsinje wa utsi kuti uwononge mpweya wakupha. Ma injini a petulo amangosintha kapangidwe ka MTC.

Chipangizo kachipangizo NOx

Masensa omwe amazindikira mankhwala omwe ali ndi mpweya woipa ndi zida zamagetsi zamagetsi. Mapangidwe awo akuphatikizapo:

• Chotenthetsera;
• Chipinda chopopera;
• Chipinda choyezera.

Muzosintha zina, zida zimakhala ndi kamera yowonjezera, yachitatu, kamera. Ntchito ya chipangizochi ndi iyi. Mpweya wotulutsa mpweya umachoka pagawo lamagetsi ndikudutsa chosinthira chothandizira kupita ku kafukufuku wachiwiri wa lambda. Zimaperekedwa pakadali pano, ndipo chotenthetsera chimabweretsa kutentha kwa chilengedwe kufika madigiri 650 kapena kupitilira apo.

Pansi pazikhalidwezi, zomwe O2 imatsika chifukwa chakukoka kwapompopompo, komwe kumapangidwa ndi ma elekitirodi. Polowa m'chipinda chachiwiri, mankhwala a nitrogen amawonongeka kukhala zinthu zotetezeka (mpweya ndi nayitrogeni). Kukwera kwa okusayidi, kulowerera kwamphamvu kwanthawi yayitali kudzakhala kwamphamvu.

Kamera yachitatu, yomwe ilipo pakusintha kwa sensa ina, imasintha kukhudzika kwa maselo enawo awiri. Pofuna kuthana ndi zinthu zapoizoni, kuphatikiza pakusintha kwanyengo komanso kutentha kwambiri, ma elekitirodi amapangidwa ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali, yomwe imapezekanso chothandizira.

Chojambulira chilichonse cha NOx chimakhalanso ndi mapampu osachepera awiri. Woyamba amatenga mpweya wokwanira mu utsi, ndipo wachiwiri amatenga gawo lowongolera mpweya kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe ukuyenda (umawonekera pamene nayitrogeni oxide imavunda). Komanso mita ili ndi zida zake zowongolera. Ntchito ya chinthuchi ndikutenga zizindikiritso za sensa, kuzikulitsa ndikumatumiza izi kuzolowera.

Kugwira ntchito kwa masensa a NOx a injini ya dizilo komanso yamafuta ndikosiyana. Choyamba, chipangizocho chimatsimikizira momwe chothandizira chochepetsera chimagwirira ntchito moyenera. Ngati chinthu ichi cha utsi chitha kuthana ndi ntchito yake, sensa imayamba kulembetsa kwambiri zinthu zakupha mumtsinje wamafuta. Chizindikiro chofananira chimatumizidwa ku ECU, ndipo chodetsa injini kapena zolemba za Check Injini zimawala pazowongolera.

Popeza uthenga womwewo umapezeka ndi zovuta zina zamagetsi, ndiye musanayese kukonza china, muyenera kuchita makina owunikira makompyuta pamalo achitetezo. M'magalimoto ena, ntchito yodziyesera yokha itha kuyitanidwa (momwe mungachitire izi, onani payokha) kuti mupeze nambala yolakwika. Izi sizothandiza kwenikweni kwa oyendetsa magalimoto ambiri. Ngati pali mndandanda wa mayina, mumitundu ina yamagalimoto oyang'anira amatulutsa nambala yofananira, koma mgalimoto zambiri zimangowonetsedwa pakompyuta pakompyuta. Pachifukwa ichi, ngati palibe chidziwitso pakuchita njira zodziwitsira, ndiye kuti kukonzanso kuyenera kuchitika pokhapokha mutapita kukacheza.

Pankhani ya injini zamafuta, sensa imatumiziranso gawo loyang'anira, koma tsopano ECU imatumiza lamulo kwa oyendetsa kuti akonze kukhathamiritsa kwa BTC. Chosinthira chothandizira chokha sichingathetse mankhwala a nitrogenous. Pachifukwa ichi, injini imangotulutsa mpweya wotsuka ngati jekeseni wa petroli wasinthidwa kuti uwotche bwino.

Chothandizira chimatha kuthana ndi pang'ono poizoni, koma zinthu zawo zikangowonjezeka, sensa imayambitsa kuyatsa kwabwino kwa mafuta osakanikirana ndi mpweya kotero kuti gawo la utsi limatha "kupezanso" pang'ono.

Vuto lina lokhudza sensa iyi ndi mawaya ake. Popeza ili ndi chida chovuta, kulumikizana kwake kumakhalanso ndi mawaya ambiri. Mu masensa apamwamba kwambiri, zingwe zimatha kukhala ndi zingwe zisanu ndi chimodzi. Aliyense wa iwo ali ndi zolemba zake (zosanjikiza zotchingira ndizotulutsa mtundu wake), chifukwa chake, polumikiza chipangizocho, m'pofunika kusunga pinout kuti sensa igwire bwino ntchito.

Nayi cholinga cha waya aliyense wa awa:

• Yellow - opanda chotenthetsera;
• Buluu - zabwino zotenthetsera;
• White - pompani waya wamagetsi (LP I +);
• Chomera chobiriwira - chopopera chamakono (LP II +);
• Chingwe chakuda - chizindikiro cha chipinda choyezera (VS +);
• Mdima ndi chingwe cholumikizira pakati pa makamera.

Mabaibulo ena ali ndi chingwe cha lalanje mu waya. Nthawi zambiri imapezeka mu pinout of sensors of American car models. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa ogwira ntchito pamagalimoto, ndipo kwa oyendetsa galimoto wamba, ndikwanira kudziwa kuti zingwe sizinawonongeke ndipo tchipisi tomwe timalumikizana ndizolumikizidwa bwino ndi omwe amalumikizana nawo.

Zoyipa ndi zotsatira zake

Chogwiritsira ntchito nitric oxide sensa sichimangopereka zowononga zowononga chilengedwe, komanso zimachepetsanso kususuka kwa magetsi. Chipangizochi chimakuthandizani kuti muwonetsetse momwe injini zoyaka zamkati zimagwirira ntchito pamitengo yotsika. Chifukwa cha izi, injini imagwiritsa ntchito mafuta osachepera, koma nthawi yomweyo mafuta osakanikirana ndi mpweya adzawotcha momwe angathere.

Ngati sensa ikulephera, ndiye kuti imatumiza chizindikirocho pang'onopang'ono kapena kugunda kumeneku kudzakhala kofooka kwambiri, ngakhale potuluka pagawo loyang'anira zida. ECU ikapanda kulembetsa chizindikiritso kuchokera ku sensa iyi kapena kukhudzidwa kumeneku kumakhala kofooka kwambiri, zamagetsi zimalowa munjira zadzidzidzi. Malinga ndi fakitale fimuweya, ndi aligorivimu ndi adamulowetsa, malinga ndi amene amaperekedwa kwa zonenepa osakaniza zonenepa. Chisankho chofananacho chimatengedwa pomwe makina ogogoda alephera, omwe tidakambirana. kubwereza kwina.

Mumayendedwe azidzidzidzi, ndizosatheka kukwaniritsa magwiridwe antchito a mota. Nthawi zambiri, kuwonjezeka kwa mafuta kumawonedwa mu 15-20%, komanso makamaka m'matawuni.

Ngati sensa yasweka, ndiye kuti chothandizira chosungira chimayamba kugwira ntchito molakwika chifukwa choti kupuma kwakutha. Ngati galimoto ikuyesedwa kuti ikutsatira miyezo yachilengedwe, ndiye kuti kusintha kwa sensa iyi ndikofunikira, popeza chifukwa cha kusalongosoka kwa dongosolo la neutralization, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zakupha kumatulutsidwa m'deralo, ndipo galimotoyo silingadutse kulamulira.

Ponena za matendawa, sikuti nthawi zonse zimakhala zotheka kuzindikira kuwonongeka kwa kachipangizo kamene kali ndi vuto linalake lolakwika. Ngati mungoyang'ana pa parameter iyi, ndiye kuti muyenera kusintha ma probes onse. Kutsimikiza kolondola kwambiri kwa kulephera kumatheka pokhapokha pakatikati pa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito makina apakompyuta. Pachifukwa ichi, oscilloscope imagwiritsidwa ntchito (ikufotokozedwa apa).

Kusankha kachipangizo chatsopano

Msika wamagalimoto, nthawi zambiri mumatha kupeza magawo a bajeti. Komabe, pankhani ya masensa a nitrogen oxide, izi sizingachitike - katundu woyambirira amagulitsidwa m'masitolo. Chifukwa cha ichi ndikuti chipangizocho chimagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zokwera mtengo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mankhwala azigwira ntchito. Mtengo wa masensa otsika mtengo sudzasiyana kwambiri ndi mtengo wapachiyambi.

Komabe, izi sizilepheretsa opanga osayesayesa kuyesera kupanga zida zotsika mtengo chotere (mtengo wa sensa ukhoza kukhala wofanana ndi ziwalo zonse zagalimoto, mwachitsanzo, gulu lamagetsi kapena galasi lazoyimira zamagalimoto ena).

Kunja, chonamizira sichimasiyana ndi choyambirira. Ngakhale zolemba zamagetsi zitha kukhala zoyenera. Chokhacho chomwe chingakuthandizeni kuzindikira chonamizira ndichabwino kutchinjiriza chingwe ndi tchipisi tothandizira. Bolodi lomwe gawo loyang'anira ndi chip cholumikizira chakhazikikiranso lidzakhala labwino kwambiri. Pachigawo ichi, zabodza sizidzakhalanso ndi matenthedwe, chinyezi komanso kutchinjiriza.

Ndikofunika kugula zinthu kuchokera kwa opanga odziwika bwino, mwachitsanzo, Denso ndi NTK (opanga aku Japan), Bosch (Zogulitsa zaku Germany). Ngati kusankha kumachitika malinga ndi katalogu wamagetsi, ndiye kuti ndi bwino kuchita izi kudzera pa VIN-code. Iyi ndiyo njira yosavuta yopezera chida choyambirira. Muthanso kufunafuna zogulitsa ndi kachidindo ka kachipangizo, koma nthawi zambiri izi sizodziwika kwa woyendetsa wamba.

Ngati sizotheka kupeza katundu wa omwe atchulidwawa, muyenera kumvetsera zomwe zalembedwazo. Itha kuwonetsa kuti wogula ali ndi zinthu za OEM zogulitsidwa ndi kampani yolongedza. Nthawi zambiri ma CD amakhala ndi katundu wa omwe adatchulidwa.

Oyendetsa magalimoto ambiri amafunsa funso ili: bwanji sensa iyi ndiyokwera mtengo kwambiri? Cholinga chake ndichakuti miyala yamtengo wapatali imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga, ndipo ntchito yake imagwirizanitsidwa ndi muyeso wolondola kwambiri komanso chida chachikulu chogwirira ntchito.

Pomaliza

Chifukwa chake, senitrogen oxide sensor ndi imodzi mwazida zamagetsi zambiri zomwe popanda galimoto yamakono samagwira ntchito. Zida zotere zikalephera, woyendetsa galimoto amayenera kuwononga ndalama kwambiri. Si malo onse othandizira omwe angakwanitse kuzindikira zovuta zake.

Ngakhale kukwera mtengo kwa ma diagnostics, zovuta za chipangizocho komanso chinyengo cha ntchito, sensa ya NOx ili ndi chida chachitali. Pachifukwa ichi, oyendetsa magalimoto nthawi zambiri samakumana ndi kufunika kokonzanso zida izi. Koma ngati sensa yasweka, ndiye kuti muyenera kuyisaka pakati pazopangidwa zoyambirira.

Kuphatikiza apo, timapereka kanema wamfupi wonena za momwe sensa ikufotokozedwera pamwambapa:

22/34: Kuzindikira komwe kumayendera injini yamafuta. NOX kachipangizo. Chiphunzitso.

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Kodi sensor ya NOx imachita chiyani? Sensa iyi imazindikira ma nitrogen oxide mumipweya yotulutsa magalimoto. Imayikidwa pamagalimoto onse amakono kuti zoyendera zigwirizane ndi chilengedwe.

Kodi sensor ya NOx ili kuti? Imayikidwa pafupi ndi chothandizira kuti gawo lowongolera lizitha kusintha magwiridwe antchito a injini kuti azitha kuyaka bwino komanso kuphatikizika kwa zinthu zovulaza mu utsi.

Chifukwa chiyani NOx ndiyowopsa? Kukoka mpweya umenewu ndi kovulaza thanzi la munthu. Kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zili pamwamba pa 60 ppm kumayambitsa kumverera koyaka m'mapapo. Kuyika kwazing'ono kumayambitsa mutu, mavuto a m'mapapo. M'malo ambiri, zimakhala zakupha.

Kodi NOX ndi chiyani? Ili ndi dzina lophatikizana la ma nitrogen oxides (NO ndi NO2), omwe amawoneka chifukwa cha zochita zamankhwala zomwe zimatsagana ndi kuyaka. NO2 imapangidwa ikakumana ndi mpweya wozizira.