Injini ya mafuta: chipangizo, njira yogwirira ntchito, zabwino ndi zovuta

Kuti galimoto izitha kuyenda palokha, iyenera kukhala ndi chida chamagetsi chomwe chimapanga makokedwe ndikusunthira mphamvu iyi kuma mawilo oyendetsa. Pachifukwa ichi, opanga zida zamakina apanga injini yoyaka yamkati kapena injini yoyaka mkati.

Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito chipangizochi ndikuti chisakanizo cha mafuta ndi mpweya chimayaka pakupanga kwake. Galimotoyo idapangidwa kuti igwiritse ntchito mphamvu yomwe imatulutsidwa munjira iyi kuti izungulira magudumu.

Pansi pa nyumba yamakonoyi mutha kuyika mafuta, dizilo kapena magetsi. M'mbuyomuyi, tiona kusintha kwa mafuta: chipangizochi chimagwira ntchito yanji, ndi chida chiti komanso malingaliro ena amomwe angapangitsire zowonjezera zamagetsi zamkati.

Kodi injini yamagalimoto yamafuta ndi chiyani?

Tiyeni tiyambe ndi mawu. Injini ya mafuta ndi pini yamagetsi yamagetsi yomwe imagwira ntchito poyatsa mpweya wosakaniza ndi mafuta m'makina osankhidwa mwapadera. Galimoto itha kudzazidwa ndi mafuta ndi manambala angapo a octane (A92, A95, A98, ndi zina zambiri). Kuti mumve zambiri za nambala ya octane, onani m'nkhani ina... Ikufotokozanso chifukwa chake mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamafuta imatha kudalira ma injini osiyanasiyana, ngakhale atakhala mafuta.

Kutengera ndi cholinga chomwe automaker amakwaniritsa, magalimoto obwera kuchokera pamzere amatha kukhala ndi mitundu yamagetsi yamagetsi. Mndandanda wa zifukwa ndi kutsatsa kwa kampaniyo (galimoto iliyonse yatsopano iyenera kulandira zosintha zina, ndipo ogula nthawi zambiri amasamala za mtundu wa powertrain), komanso zosowa za omvera.

Chifukwa chake, mtundu womwewo wamagalimoto, koma ndi ma injini osiyanasiyana, amatha kutuluka mufakitole yamagalimoto. Mwachitsanzo, itha kukhala mtundu wachuma womwe ungadziwike ndi omwe amalandira ndalama zochepa. Kapenanso, wopanga atha kupereka zosintha zina zambiri zomwe zimakwaniritsa zosowa za mafani oyendetsa mwachangu.

Komanso, magalimoto ena amayenera kunyamula katundu wabwino, monga kujambula (ndikudziwikiratu kotani kwa thupi ili, werengani payokha). Mitundu ina yamagalimoto imafunikanso pagalimotozi. Nthawi zambiri, makina otere amakhala ndi voliyumu yochititsa chidwi yama unit (momwe gawo ili limawerengedwera osiyana review).

Chifukwa chake, injini zamafuta zimathandizira ma auto kupanga mitundu yamagalimoto okhala ndi maluso osiyanasiyana kuti azisintha mogwirizana ndi zosowa zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira magalimoto ang'onoang'ono amtauni mpaka magalimoto akuluakulu.

Mitundu ya injini mafuta

Zambiri zamtunduwu zimawonetsedwa m'mabuku amitundu yatsopano yamagalimoto. Pakati pawo, mtundu wa gawo lamagetsi wafotokozedwa. Ngati m'galimoto zoyambirira zinali zokwanira kuwonetsa mtundu wamafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito (dizilo kapena mafuta), ndiye kuti masiku ano pali mitundu yambiri yamafuta amafuta.

Pali magulu angapo omwe magulu azinthu zamagetsi amagawidwa motere:

1. Chiwerengero cha zonenepa. Mu Baibulo tingachipeze powerenga makina ali okonzeka ndi injini zinayi yamphamvu. Zopindulitsa kwambiri, ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimakhala zowononga kwambiri, zimakhala ndi masilinda 6, 8 kapena 18. Komabe, palinso mayunitsi okhala ndi miphika yochepa. Mwachitsanzo, Toyota Aygo okonzeka ndi 1.0-lita mafuta injini ndi 3 masilindala. Peugeot 107 idalandiranso gawo lofananira.
2. Kapangidwe kamiyala yamphamvu. Mu mtundu wakale (kusinthidwa kwa 4-yamphamvu), injini ili ndi dongosolo lazitsulo zamagetsi. Makamaka amaikidwa mozungulira, koma nthawi zina amaphatikizira anzawo. Kamangidwe lotsatira kuti anapambana kudalira ziziyenda ambiri ndi V-yamphamvu wagawo. Mukusintha koteroko, nthawi zonse pamakhala miphika yambiri, yomwe ili pambali inayake. Nthawi zambiri kapangidwe kameneka kamagwiritsidwa ntchito kupulumutsa malo m'chipinda cha injini, makamaka ngati ndi injini yayikulu (mwachitsanzo, ili ndi masilindala 8, koma imatenga malo ngati 4-cylinder analogue). Opanga ena amapanga ma powertrain owoneka ngati W m'galimoto zawo. Kusinthaku kumasiyana ndi mawonekedwe ofananirako a V ndi chipinda china cha cylinder, chomwe m'chigawochi chili ndi mawonekedwe a kalata W. Mtundu wina wamajini omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mgalimoto zamakono ndi womenya nkhonya kapena womenya nkhonya. Zambiri za momwe injini zoterezi zimapangidwira komanso momwe zimagwirira ntchito zafotokozedwa kubwereza kwina... Chitsanzo cha zitsanzo zomwe zili ndi gawo lofanana - Subaru Forester, Subaru WRX, Porsche Cayman, etc.
3. Mafuta dongosolo. Malinga ndi muyezo uwu, magalimoto agawika m'magulu awiri: carburetor ndi jakisoni. Pachiyambi choyamba, mafuta amaponyedwa m'chipinda cha mafuta, chomwe chimayamwa muzowonjezera kudzera mumphika. Jakisoni ndi makina omwe amaponyera mafuta mokakamiza mu jekeseni. Ntchito ya chipangizochi yafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane. apa... Majekeseni ndi amitundu ingapo, omwe amasiyana mosiyana ndi kupezeka kwa ma nozzles. M'magalimoto okwera mtengo kwambiri, opopera mankhwala amaikidwa mwachindunji pamutu wamphamvu.
4. Mtundu wa kondomu. ICE iliyonse imagwira ntchito yochulukirapo, ndichifukwa chake imafunikira mafuta abwino kwambiri. Pali kusinthidwa ndi yonyowa (tingachipeze powerenga view, amene ali mafuta mu sump) kapena youma (crankcase kusungitsa mosungira mosiyana). Zambiri za mitundu iyi zafotokozedwa payokha.
5. Wozizilitsa mtundu. Makina ambiri amakono agalimoto amakhazikika m'madzi. Mumapangidwe apamwamba, makina oterewa amakhala ndi radiator, mapaipi ndi jekete lozizira mozungulira silinda. Ntchito ya dongosololi yafotokozedwa apa... Zosintha zina zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi amathanso kutenthedwa ndi mpweya.
6. Mtundu wamaulendo. Pali zosintha zonse pamodzi: ziwiri-stroke kapena mtundu wa stroke. Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito kusintha kwa sitiroko ikufotokozedwa m'nkhani ina... Tiyeni tiwone momwe mtundu wa 4-stroke umagwirira ntchito pang'ono pambuyo pake.
7. Mtundu wodya mpweya. Mpweya wokonzekera chisakanizo cha mafuta-mpweya ungalowe munjira yolowera m'njira ziwiri. Mitundu yambiri yoyambirira ya ICE imakhala ndimadongosolo azakudya zakuthambo. Mmenemo, mpweya umalowamo chifukwa cha zingalowe zopangidwa ndi pisitoni, ndikusunthira kumalo otsika pansi. Kutengera ndi jakisoni, gawo la mafuta limapopera mumtsinjewo kutsogolo kwa valavu yolowera, kapena pang'ono pang'ono, koma m'njira yolingana ndi silinda winawake. Mu jekeseni wa mono, monga kusintha kwa carburetor, mphuno imodzi imayikidwa pazambiri, ndipo BTC imayamwa ndi silinda winawake. Zambiri pamagwiridwe antchito amachitidwe amafotokozedwa apa... M'magawo okwera mtengo kwambiri, mafuta amatha kupopera molunjika mu silinda momwemo. Kuphatikiza pa injini yoyeserera mwachilengedwe, palinso mtundu wa turbocharged. Mmenemo, mpweya wokonzekera MTC umabayidwa pogwiritsa ntchito chopangira chopangira chapadera. Itha kuyendetsedwa ndimayendedwe amafuta otulutsa utsi kapena mota yamagetsi.

Ponena za kapangidwe kake, mbiri imadziwa mayunitsi angapo achilengedwe. Zina mwa izo ndi injini ya Wankel ndi mtundu wopanda valavu. Tsatanetsatane wa mitundu ingapo yamagalimoto ogwiritsa ntchito modabwitsa amafotokozedwa apa.

Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito injini ya mafuta

Makina ambiri oyaka mkati omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mgalimoto zamasiku ano amayenda maulendo anayi. Zimakhazikitsidwa mofanana ndi ICE iliyonse. Kuti unit izitha kupanga mphamvu zochulukirapo poyendetsa magudumu, silinda iliyonse imayenera kudzazidwa ndi mpweya ndi mafuta. Gawo ili liyenera kukanikizidwa, pambuyo pake limayatsidwa ndi moto womwe umatulutsa kuthetheka pulagi.

Kuti mphamvu yomwe imatulutsidwa panthawi yoyaka isanduke mphamvu yamagetsi, VTS iyenera kuwotchedwa pamalo otsekedwa. Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimachotsa mphamvu zotulutsidwa ndi pisitoni. Imasunthika mu silinda, ndikukhazikika pamakina a crankshaft.

Pamene mpweya / mafuta osakaniza ayatsa, zimayambitsa mpweya mu silinda. Chifukwa cha izi, pisitoni imapanikizika kwambiri, kupitirira kuthamanga kwakumlengalenga, ndipo imayamba kusunthira pansi pakati, kutembenuzira chopingasa. Chombocho chimalumikizidwa ndi tayala, lomwe bokosi lolumikizira limalumikizidwa. Kuchokera pa iyo, makokedwewo amapatsira mawilo oyendetsa (kutsogolo, kumbuyo, kapena ngati kuli magalimoto onse - onse 4).

Paulendo umodzi wamagalimoto, zikwapu 4 zimachitidwa mosakanikirana. Izi ndi zomwe amachita.

Lowetsani

Kumayambiriro kwa sitiroko, pisitoniyo ili pamwamba pakufa (chipinda chapamwamba pake pakadali pano chilibe kanthu). Chifukwa cha ntchito yamiyala yoyandikana nayo, chopingasa chimatembenuka ndikukoka ndodo yolumikizira, yomwe imasunthira pisitoni pansi. Pakadali pano, makina ogawira gasi amatsegula valavu yolowera (pakhoza kukhala m'modzi kapena awiri).

Kudzera pabowo lotseguka, silindayo imayamba kudzaza ndi gawo latsopano lamafuta osakanikirana ndi mpweya. Poterepa, mpweya umasakanikirana ndi mafuta pamagawo olowerera (injini ya carburetor kapena mitundu yambiri ya jakisoni). Gawo ili la injini limatha kukhala la mapangidwe osiyanasiyana. Palinso zosankha zina zomwe zingasinthe masanjidwe ake, omwe amakupatsani mwayi wowonjezera kuyendetsa kwa liwiro mosiyanasiyana. Zambiri pazadongosolo lino zafotokozedwa apa.

M'masinthidwe okhala ndi jekeseni wachindunji, mpweya wokha ndi womwe umalowetsa cholembacho panthawi yopumira. Mafuta amapopera pamene kuponderezana kumalizika mu silinda.

Pisitoniyo ikafika pansi pamunsi pake, makina oyendetsa nthawi amatseka valavu yolowera. Muyeso wotsatira uyamba.

Kupanikizika

Komanso crankshaft akutembenukira (komanso pansi pa pisitoni ntchito pa zonenepa pafupi), ndi pisitoni akuyamba kukweza mwa ndodo kulumikiza. Mavavu onse pamutu wamphamvu amatsekedwa. Mafuta osakaniza alibe kopita ndipo amaponderezedwa.

Pisitoni ikamapita ku TDC, kusakanikirana kwa mafuta ndi mpweya kumatentha (kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kumayambitsa kupsinjika kwamphamvu, komwe kumatchedwanso kupanikizika). Mphamvu yamagulu a BTC imakhudza magwiridwe antchito. Kupanikizika kumatha kusiyanasiyana pamoto kupita pagalimoto. Kuphatikiza apo, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mudzidziwe bwino nkhanizi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa kupsinjika ndi kupanikizika.

Pisitoni ikafika pachimake pamwamba, pulagi yamoto imatuluka, chifukwa chophatikizira mafuta chimayatsa. Kutengera kuthamanga kwa injini, izi zimatha kuyamba pisitoni isanakwere, nthawi yomweyo kapena pambuyo pake.

Pogwiritsa ntchito injini ya jekeseni wamafuta, ndi mpweya wokha womwe umafinyidwa. Poterepa, mafuta amapopera mu silinda pisitoni isanatuluke. Pambuyo pake, kutulutsa kumapangidwa ndipo mafuta amayamba kutentha. Kenako muyeso wachitatu uyamba.

Ntchito sitiroko

VTS ikayatsidwa, zinthu zoyaka zimakulitsa mumlengalenga pamwamba pa pisitoni. Pakadali pano, kuwonjezera pa mphamvu yosagwira, kupanikizika kwa mpweya kumayamba kugwira ntchito pisitoniyo, ndipo imatsikiranso pansi. Mosiyana ndi kupwetekedwa mtima, mphamvu zamagetsi sizimasamutsidwanso kuchokera pa crankshaft kupita ku pisitoni, koma m'malo mwake - pisitoni imakankhira ndodo yolumikizira ndikusintha crankshaft.

Ena mwa mphamvuzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita zikwapu zina mozungulira pafupi. Makina otsalawo amachotsedwa ndi bokosi lamagetsi ndikusamutsa mawilo oyendetsa.

Pakati pa sitiroko, ma valve onse amatsekedwa kuti mpweya wokulitsa ugwire pisitoni yokha. Kuzungulira kumeneku kumatha pamene chinthu chomwe chimasunthira mu silinda chafika pansi pakufa. Kenako muyeso womaliza wazungulilo umayamba.

Tulutsani

Potembenuza crankshaft, pisitoni imasunthiranso mmwamba. Pakadali pano, valavu yotulutsa imatsegula (imodzi kapena ziwiri, kutengera mtundu wa nthawi). Mpweya wonyansa uyenera kuchotsedwa.

Pisitoniyo ikamakwera m'mwamba, mpweya wotulutsa utsi umafinyidwa kuthengo. Kuphatikiza apo, ntchito yake imafotokozedwa apa... Sitiroko imatha pisitoni ali pamalo apamwamba. Izi zimamaliza kuyendetsa njinga ndikuyambitsa yatsopano ndi sitiroko yakudya.

Kukwaniritsa sitiroko sikumakhala limodzi ndi kutseka kwathunthu kwa valavu inayake. Izi zimachitika kuti mavavu olowera ndi kutulutsa amakhala otseguka kwakanthawi. Izi ndizofunikira kukonza kuyendetsa bwino kwa mpweya ndikudzaza zonenepa.

Chifukwa chake, kayendedwe ka pistil kamene kamasinthidwa kukhala kasinthasintha chifukwa chakapangidwe kake ka crankshaft. Ma mota onse achikale a piston amatengera izi.

Ngati dizilo imagwira ntchito kokha pamafuta a dizilo, ndiye kuti mtundu wamafuta ungagwire ntchito osati pamafuta okha, komanso gasi (propane-butane). Zambiri pazomwe kukhazikitsa koteroko kudzafotokozedwere apa.

Zinthu zazikuluzikulu za injini ya mafuta

Kuti zikwapu zonse mu injini zizichitika munthawi yake komanso moyenera, gulu lamagetsi liyenera kukhala ndi magawo apamwamba okha. Zipangizo zonse injini pisitoni kuyaka mkati zikuphatikizapo mbali zotsatirazi.

Cylinder chipika

M'malo mwake, ili ndiye thupi la injini yamafuta, momwe njira zama jekete zozizira, malo olumikizira ma Stud ndi masilindala omwe amapangidwira. Pali zosintha ndi zonenepa payokha anaika.

Kwenikweni, gawoli limapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosungunuka, koma kuti asunge kulemera kwamitundu ina yamagalimoto, opanga amatha kupanga zotchinga za aluminium. Zimakhala zosalimba poyerekeza ndi analogue yakale.

pisitoni

Gawoli, lomwe ndi gawo la silinda-pisitoni gulu, limagwira ntchito pakukula kwa mpweya ndikupereka mphamvu pazomwe zimayambira. Pogwiritsa ntchito kukwapula, kupanikizika ndi kutulutsa utsi, gawoli limapanga zingalowe m'malo osungira, limakanikiza mafuta ndi mpweya, komanso limachotsa zoyaka m'mimbamo.

Kapangidwe, mitundu ndi magwiridwe antchito a chinthuchi amafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane. kubwereza kwina... Mwachidule, mbali ya mavavu, imatha kukhala yosalala kapena yopumira. Kuchokera panja, chimalumikizidwa ndi pini yachitsulo mpaka ndodo yolumikizira.

Pofuna kupewa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya kuti usatulukire mkatikati mwa pistoni mukamakankhira utsi mukamagwira, gawo ili limakhala ndi mphete zingapo za O. Za ntchito yawo ndi mamangidwe awo alipo nkhani yosiyana.

Kulumikiza ndodo

Gawo ili limalumikiza pisitoni ndi crankhaft crank. Kapangidwe kazinthu kameneka kamadalira mtundu wa injini. Mwachitsanzo, pa injini yooneka ngati V, timitengo tiwiri tolumikizira timagulu tina tating'onoting'ono timaphatikizidwa ndi magazini imodzi.

Makamaka zitsulo zamphamvu kwambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga gawoli, koma nthawi zina zimapezekanso ndi zotayidwa.

Crankshaft

Ichi ndi shaft yomwe imakhala ndi zingwe. Zingwe zolumikizira zimalumikizidwa ndi iwo. Crankshaft ili ndi mayendedwe osachepera awiri ndi ma counterweights omwe amalipira kugwedezeka kwa mayunifolomu ozungulira a shaft axis ndi damping of inertia. Zambiri pazipangizo za gawoli zafotokozedwa payokha.

Kumbali imodzi, pulley ya nthawi imayikidwa pa iyo. Kumbali ina, flywheel imamangirizidwa ku crankshaft. Chifukwa cha chinthu ichi, ndizotheka kuyambitsa mota pogwiritsa ntchito sitata.

Mavavu

Kumtunda kwa injini mumutu wamphamvu kumayikidwa mavavu... Zinthu izi zimatsegula / kutseka madoko olowera ndi kubwerekera a sitiroko yomwe mukufuna.

Nthawi zambiri, magawo awa amakhala onyamula masika. Amayendetsedwa ndi camshaft yanyengo. Shaft iyi imagwirizanitsidwa ndi crankshaft pogwiritsa ntchito lamba kapena unyolo.

Kuthetheka pulagi

Oyendetsa magalimoto ambiri amadziwa kuti injini ya dizilo imagwira ntchito potenthetsa mpweya wopanikizika mu silinda. Mafuta a dizilo akajambulidwa mu sing'anga iyi, mafuta osakanikirana ndi mpweya amayatsidwa nthawi yomweyo ndi kutentha kwa mpweya. Zinthu sizili choncho ndi mafuta. Kuti chisakanizocho chiyatse, pamafunika magetsi.

Ngati kupanikizika kwa mafuta oyaka mkati kumawonjezeredwa kufika pamtengo wapafupifupi ndi womwe uli mu injini ya dizilo, ndiye kuti, pokhala ndi nambala yochulukirapo ya octane, mafuta omwe ali ndi kutentha kwakukulu amatha kuyatsa kale kuposa koyenera. Izi zingawononge unit.

Pulagi imayendetsedwa ndi dongosolo poyatsira. Kutengera mtundu wamagalimoto, makinawa akhoza kukhala ndi chida chosiyana. Zambiri za mitunduyo zafotokozedwa apa.

Makina opanga mafuta othandizira mafuta

Palibe injini yoyaka mkati yomwe ingagwire ntchito payokha popanda machitidwe othandizira. Kuti injini yamagalimoto iyambe konse, iyenera kulumikizidwa ndi makina awa:

1. Mafuta. Amapereka mafuta pamzere wopita kuma jakisoni (ngati ali jakisoni) kapena kwa carburetor. Njirayi imakhudzidwa ndikukonzekera mgwirizano wamagulu ankhondo. M'magalimoto amakono, kusakaniza kwa mpweya / mafuta kumayendetsedwa pakompyuta.
2. Poyatsira. Ndi gawo lamagetsi lomwe limapatsa mota kuthetheka kokhazikika pa silinda iliyonse. Pali mitundu itatu yayikulu yamachitidwe awa: kulumikizana, osalumikizana ndi mtundu wa microprocessor. Zonsezi zimadziwa nthawi yomwe pakufunika kuthetheka, kumatulutsa mphamvu yayikulu ndikugawana zomwe zimapangitsa kandulo yofananira. Palibe machitidwewa omwe adzagwire ntchito ngati ali olakwika kachipangizo kachipangizo.
3. Mafuta ndi kuzirala. Kuti mbali za injini zizitha kupirira katundu wolemera (mawotchi okhazikika komanso kutentha kwambiri, m'madipatimenti ena amafika mpaka madigiri opitilira 1000), amafunikira mafuta apamwamba komanso oziziritsa nthawi zonse. Awa ndi machitidwe awiri osiyana, koma mafuta omwe ali mgalimoto amalola kuti kutentha kuzichotse pazigawo zotentha kwambiri, monga ma pistoni.
4. Utsi. Kuti galimoto yokhala ndi injini yothamanga isawopsyeze ena ndi mawu akumva, imalandira makina otulutsa utsi wapamwamba kwambiri. Kuphatikiza pa kugwira ntchito mwakachetechete kwa makina, dongosololi limathandizira kuti zinthu zopanda pake zomwe zili mu utsi zitheke (izi, makina ayenera kukhalapo othandizira kusintha).
5. Kugawa gasi. Iyi ndi gawo la injini (nthawi yake ili pamutu wamphamvu). Camshaft imatsegula mavavu olowetsa / otulutsa mosiyanasiyana, kuti ma cylinders azichita sitiroko yoyenera munthawi yake.

Awa ndiwo machitidwe oyamika omwe chipangizocho chitha kugwira ntchito. Kuphatikiza pa iwo, gawo lamagetsi limatha kulandira njira zina zomwe zimawonjezera mphamvu yake. Chitsanzo cha izi ndikosintha gawo. Njirayi imakulolani kuti muchotse magwiridwe antchito pazithamanga zilizonse za injini. Imasintha kutalika ndi nthawi yotsegulira valavu, yomwe imakhudza mawonekedwe amakina. Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ndi mitundu ya njirazi zimaganiziridwa mwatsatanetsatane. payokha.

Momwe mungasungire magwiridwe antchito a mafuta atatha zaka zambiri akugwira ntchito?

Wogulitsa aliyense amaganiza za momwe angakulitsire moyo wogwira ntchito yamagetsi yamagalimoto ake. Tisanalingalire zomwe angachite pa izi, ndi bwino kuganizira chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimakhudza thanzi la mota. Uwu ndiye luso komanso luso lomwe opanga makina amagwiritsa ntchito popanga izi kapena zamagetsi.

Nazi njira zomwe woyendetsa galimoto aliyense ayenera kutsatira:

• Chitani zokonza za galimoto yanu molingana ndi malamulo okhazikitsidwa ndi wopanga;
• Thirani mafuta apamwamba kwambiri mu thanki, ndi mtundu woyenera wa injini;
• Gwiritsani mafuta amafuta opangira injini inayake yamkati;
• Osagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe oyendetsa galimoto, nthawi zambiri kubweretsa injini pazovuta kwambiri;
• Chitani zopewera kuwonongeka, mwachitsanzo, kusintha malo okhala ndi ma valve. Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pamgalimoto ndi lamba wake. Ngakhale zowoneka ngati zikuwonekabe kuti zikadali bwino, zikufunikirabe kuzichotsa nthawi ikangofika yowonetsedwa ndi wopanga. Katunduyu amafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane. payokha.

Popeza mota ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri m'galimoto, aliyense woyendetsa galimoto ayenera kumvetsera ntchito yake ndikuwonetsetsa kusintha kwakung'ono kogwirira ntchito kake. Nazi zomwe zitha kuwonetsa kusokonekera kwa mphamvu yamagetsi:

• Pogwira ntchito, phokoso lakunja lidawonekera kapena kunjenjemera kudakulirakulira;
• Injini yoyaka yamkati yatayika mwamphamvu ndikusintha mukamakankhira mafuta;
• Kuwonjezeka kwa kususuka (mafuta okwera ma mileage atha kuphatikizidwa ndi kufunika kotenthetsa injini m'nyengo yozizira kapena posintha mawonekedwe oyendetsa);
• Mulingo wamafuta umatsika pang'onopang'ono ndipo mafuta amafunika kuwonjezeredwa nthawi zonse;
• Wozizilitsa anayamba kusowa kwinakwake, koma pansi pa galimotoyo mulibe mathithi, ndipo thankiyo yatsekedwa mwamphamvu;
• Utsi wabuluu wochokera ku chitoliro cha utsi;
• Zosintha zoyandama - iwowo amadzuka ndi kugwa, kapena dalaivala amafunika kuti azipuma pafupipafupi kuti injini isazime (pakadali pano, makina oyatsira atha kukhala olakwika);
• Imayamba bwino kapena safuna kuyamba konse.

Galimoto iliyonse ili ndi zovuta zake zogwirira ntchito, choncho woyendetsa galimotoyo ayenera kudzidziwitsa yekha ma nuances onse ogwirira ntchito ndikusamalira. Ngati woyendetsa galimoto atha kusintha m'malo mwake / kukonza mbali zina kapena njira zina mgalimoto payekha, ndibwino kuti mupereke ukadaulo kwa katswiri.

Kuphatikiza apo, tikupangira kuwerengera za zomwe zimachepetsa ntchito ya injini ya mafuta.

Ubwino ndi Kuipa kwa Ma Injini A Mafuta Onse

Tikayerekezera wagawo dizilo ndi mafuta wagawo, ndiye ubwino wachiwiri monga:

1. Mphamvu zazikulu;
2. Khola pantchito zotentha;
3. Kugwira ntchito mwakachetechete ndikutuluka pang'ono (ngati chipangizocho chikukonzedwa molondola);
4. Kukonza zotsika mtengo (ngati sitikunena za ma motors okha, mwachitsanzo, ankhonya kapena dongosolo la EcoBoost);
5. Chida chachikulu chogwirira ntchito;
6. Palibe chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mafuta amwaka;
7. Kutsuka koyeretsa chifukwa chazinyalala zochepa zamafuta
8. Ndi mavoliyumu omwewo ngati injini ya dizilo, mtundu wamtundu woyaka wamkatiwu uli ndi mphamvu zambiri.

Popeza mphamvu zazikulu zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi, magalimoto ambiri amasewera ali ndi zida zamagetsi zotere.

Kumbali yokonza, zosinthazi zilinso ndi mwayi wawo. Zogwiritsira ntchito ndizotsika mtengo, ndipo kukonza komweko sikuyenera kuchitidwa pafupipafupi. Cholinga chake ndikuti magawo amafuta a petroli amakhala ndi nkhawa zochepa kuposa ma analog omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu injini za dizilo.

Ngakhale dalaivala ayenera kusamala ndi malo amafuta omwe amadzazira galimoto yake, kusankha mafuta sikuti kumafuna mafuta kwambiri poyerekeza ndi dizilo. Pazovuta kwambiri zomwe zingachitike, mphutsi zimatseka msanga.

Ngakhale maubwino awa, ma mota awa ali ndi zovuta zina, ndichifukwa chake oyendetsa magalimoto ambiri amakonda dizilo. Nazi zina mwa izo:

1. Ngakhale mwayi wamagetsi, chida chofanana chimakhala ndi makokedwe ochepa. Kwa magalimoto amalonda, ichi ndi gawo lofunikira.
2. Injini ya dizilo yomwe ili ndi kusamutsidwa kofananako imadya mafuta ochepa kuposa mtundu uwu.
3. Ponena za kayendedwe ka kutentha, gawo lamafuta limatha kutenthedwa kwambiri mumisewu yamagalimoto.
4. Mafuta amayatsa mosavuta chifukwa cha kutentha kwina. Chifukwa chake, galimoto yokhala ndi injini yoyaka yamkati ndiyowopsa pamoto.

Pofuna kuti zisakhale zosavuta kusankha galimoto yomwe iyenera kukhala, woyendetsa galimoto mtsogolo ayenera kusankha choyamba chomwe akufuna kuchokera pa kavalo wake wachitsulo. Ngati kutsindika kuli pa kupirira, makokedwe apamwamba ndi chuma, ndiye kuti mukuyenera kusankha injini ya dizilo. Koma chifukwa cha kuyendetsa mwamphamvu komanso kukonza mtengo, muyenera kumvetsera mnzake. Zachidziwikire, gawo lothandizira bajeti ndi lingaliro lotayirira, chifukwa zimatengera mwachindunji kalasi yamagalimoto ndi machitidwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kumapeto kwa kuwunikaku, tikupangira kuti tiwonere kanema kakang'ono poyerekeza mafuta ndi mafuta a dizilo:

PETROL KAPENA Dizilo? YANG'ANANI FANITSANI MITUNDU IWIRI YA ANJINI.

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Kodi injini ya petulo imagwira ntchito bwanji? Pampu yamafuta imapereka mafuta ku carburetor kapena injectors. Kumapeto kwa kuponderezedwa kwa petulo ndi mpweya, spark plug imatulutsa spark discharge yomwe imayatsa BTC, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mipweya yomwe ikukulirakulira ikakankhire pisitoni.

Kodi injini ya sitiroko inayi imagwira ntchito bwanji? Galimoto yotereyi imakhala ndi njira yogawa gasi (mutu wokhala ndi camshaft uli pamwamba pa ma cylinders, omwe amatsegula / kutseka ma valve olowa ndi kutulutsa mpweya - VTS imaperekedwa kudzera mwa iwo ndipo mpweya wotulutsa mpweya umachotsedwa).

Kodi injini ya sitiroko ziwiri imagwira ntchito bwanji? Mu injini yotere mulibe njira yogawa gasi. Pakusintha kumodzi kwa crankshaft, mikombero iwiri imachitika: kuponderezana ndi sitiroko yamphamvu. Kudzazidwa kwa silinda ndi kuchotsedwa kwa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya kumachitika nthawi imodzi.