Cholinga ndi magwiridwe antchito a shafts shaft ya injini

Mawu ena omwe angapezeke mu encyclopedia yaukadaulo wa woyendetsa ndi shaft yoyeserera. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe chodziwika ndi gawo ili la injini, momwe imagwirira ntchito, komanso zovuta zina zomwe zilipo.

Kodi zotetezera ndi chiyani?

Pogwiritsira ntchito injini yoyaka mkati, makina opangira mawonekedwe amapangitsa kugwedezeka mkati mwazitsulo. Kamangidwe crankshafts muyezo zikuphatikizapo zinthu zapadera - counterweights. Cholinga chawo ndi kuzimitsa mphamvu inertial, amene amabwera chifukwa cha kasinthasintha wa crankshaft lapansi.

Sikuti magalimoto onse ali ndi magawo okwanira kuti athe kuchepetsa mphamvu za inertia, chifukwa chake mayendedwe ndi zinthu zina zofunikira zamagetsi zimalephera mwachangu. Mizere yokhazikika imayikidwa ngati chinthu chowonjezera.

Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, gawolo lakonzedwa kuti lithandizire kuyendetsa bwino magalimoto. Amayamwa inertia yochulukirapo komanso kugwedera. Shafuti akhala ofunika kwambiri kuyambira kubwera kwa Motors wamphamvu kwambiri ndi buku la malita awiri kapena kuposa.

Kutengera ndi kusinthaku, shaft sha balancer yake imafunika. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya shaft imagwiritsidwa ntchito mozungulira, zotsutsana ndi V-motors. Ngakhale mtundu uliwonse wamagalimoto uli ndi maubwino ake, palibe amene angathetsere kugwedera konse.

Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito shafts ya injini

Mizere yosanjikiza ndimitengo yolimba yazitsulo. Amaikidwa awiriawiri mbali imodzi ya crankshaft. Amalumikizidwa wina ndi mnzake pogwiritsa ntchito magiya. Pamene crankshaft imazungulira, shafts imazunguliranso, kokha molowera mbali komanso kuthamanga kwambiri.

Migodi moyenera ndi eccentrics, ndi magiya pagalimoto ndi akasupe. Zinthu izi zidapangidwa kuti zithetsere inertia yomwe imapezeka pazowongolera. Balancers amayendetsedwa ndi crankshaft. Zitsulo ziwiri zimasinthasintha mosiyana ndi mnzake.

Mbali izi zimayikidwa mu crankcase ya injini kuti zikhale bwino. Amasinthasintha pazitsulo (singano kapena kutsetsereka). Ndiyamika ntchito njirayi, mbali za injini sizimavala kwambiri chifukwa cha zowonjezera zowonjezera kuchokera ku kugwedera.

Mitundu yamagalimoto

Popeza mipiringidzo yolinganiza idapangidwa kuti izitha kuyendetsa bwino crankshaft, ntchito yawo iyenera kulumikizidwa ndi gawo ili. Pachifukwa ichi, amalumikizidwa ndi kuyendetsa nthawi.

Pochepetsa kugwedeza kozungulira, zida zama balancer shaft zili ndi akasupe. Amalola kuyendetsa kuti izizungulira pang'ono mozungulira, ndikupereka poyambira kuyenda kwa chipangizocho.

Nthawi zambiri, lamba wamba woyendetsa kapena unyolo wokwera pamagalimoto amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zoyendetsa magiya sizodziwika kwenikweni. Palinso zosintha kuphatikiza. Mwa iwo, shafts imayendetsedwa ndi lamba wokhala ndi toothed ndi gearbox.

Pama injini omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera

Kwa nthawi yoyamba, Mitsubishi idayamba kukhazikitsa shafts pamakina. Kuyambira 1976 lusoli limatchedwa Chete Shaft. Kukula uku kumakhala ndi zida zamagetsi zamagetsi (zosintha zina za 4-cylinder zimatha kutengeka ndi magulu ankhondo).

Magalimoto othamanga kwambiri okhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu amafunikanso zinthu ngati izi. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu injini zoyaka zamkati zamagetsi.

Ngati opanga ku Japan kale adagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo uwu, pakadali pano magalimoto aku Europe omwe ali ndi makina amtendere amapezeka.

Kusamala kutsinde kukonza

Monga makina ena aliwonse ovuta, oyendetsa shaft oyendetsa amathanso kulephera. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika chifukwa chovala zachilengedwe za mayendedwe ndi zida zamagalimoto, chifukwa akukumana ndi katundu wolemetsa.

Shaft block ikakhala yosagwiritsika ntchito, imatsagana ndi mawonekedwe akunjenjemera ndi phokoso. Nthawi zina zida zamagalimoto zimatsekedwa chifukwa chonyamula ndikuphwanya lamba (kapena unyolo). Ngati kutayika kwa shafts kuli koyipa, pali njira imodzi yokha yochotsera - m'malo mwa zinthu zomwe zawonongeka.

Makinawa ali ndi kapangidwe kovuta, chifukwa chake muyenera kulipira ndalama zabwino kuti akonzeke (ntchito iyenera kuchitidwa kokha pamalo opezera anthu, ngakhale ikungolowa gawo lotha ndi yatsopano). Pachifukwa ichi, shaft block ikalephera, imangochotsedwa pagalimoto ndipo mabowo amatsekedwa ndi mapulagi oyenera.

Izi, zachidziwikire, ziyenera kukhala zoyeserera kwambiri, popeza kupezeka kwa olipiritsa omwe amabweretsa kugwedeza kumabweretsa kusalinganika pagalimoto. Monga momwe oyendetsa magalimoto ena omwe agwiritsa ntchito njirayi akutsimikizira, kugwedezeka kopanda shaft sikuli kovuta kwambiri kotero kuti angavomereze kukonzanso mtengo. Ngakhale izi, mphamvu zamagetsi zikuchepa pang'ono (mphamvu imatha kutsikira ku 15 ndiyamphamvu).

Poganiza zokhometsa gawolo, woyendetsa galimotoyo ayenera kumvetsetsa kuti kusokonekera kwakukulu pamapangidwe a mota kumatha kukhudza magwiridwe ake. Ndipo izi zitha kubweretsa kusintha kwakukulu kwa injini yoyaka yamkati.

Kusamala Shaft Opaleshoni

Monga tanenera kale, chomwe chimayambitsa kusalimba kwa balancer ndikumangika kwanthawi zonse. Koma woyendetsa galimotoyo atha kuchita zingapo zomwe zingakulitse moyo wa njirayi.

1. Choyamba sichiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito kalembedwe koyendetsa bwino. Kukula kwa magetsi kumagwira ntchito, magiya a shaft amafulumira. Mwa njira, izi zimagwiranso ntchito pakuchuluka kwa magawo ena amgalimoto.
2. Gawo lachiwiri ndi ntchito yanthawi yake. Kusintha fyuluta yamafuta ndi yamafuta kumapereka kufewetsa kwapamwamba kwa zinthu zonse zolumikizana, ndikukhazikitsa lamba watsopano wamagalimoto (kapena unyolo) kumalola magiya kuzungulira popanda zinthu zina zowonjezera.

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Kodi Balance Shaft ndi chiyani? Izi ndi ndodo zachitsulo zacylindrical zomwe zimayikidwa mbali zonse za crankshaft ndipo zimalumikizidwa ndi magiya. Amazungulira mbali ina ndi kuzungulira kwa crankshaft.

Kodi kuchotsa bwino kutsinde? Lamba wanthawiyo amachotsedwa - lamba wa balancer. Ndiye ma pulleys onse amachotsedwa - pallet imachotsedwa - mpope wamafuta. Pambuyo pake, mabalancers amachotsedwa.

Kodi shaft ndi chiyani? Imayamwa inertia yochulukirapo mu crankshaft. Izi zimachepetsa kugwedezeka kwa injini. Izi zimayikidwa pamayunitsi amphamvu okhala ndi malita awiri kapena kupitilira apo.