Kodi hydrometer ndi chiyani? Momwe imagwirira ntchito komanso yopangira chiyani

Nthawi yokonza galimoto, nthawi ndi nthawi muyenera kuyeza kuchuluka kwa ma elekitirodi ndi ma antifreeze. Zowoneka, chizindikiro ichi sichingadziwike. Pazolinga ngati izi, pali hydrometer.

Kodi chipangizochi chimagwira ntchito bwanji, chimagwira ntchito bwanji, ndi mitundu yanji yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito? Mayankho a mafunso awa athandiza oyendetsa magalimoto oyambira kugwiritsa ntchito hydrometer molondola.

Kodi hydrometer ndi chiyani?

Kuchuluka kwa madzi ndikumangika kwa chinthu china pakatikati. Kudziwa za gawo ili kumathandizira kudziwa kuti ndi liti pomwe madzi amisili amafunika kusinthidwa kapena zimapangitsa kuti zitheke ngati ukadaulo wopanga umatsatiridwa pakupanga.

Oyendetsa galimoto amagwiritsa ntchito hydrometer kuti adziwe mtundu wa electrolyte ndi antifreeze. Kutsika kochepa kwa zinthu zowonjezera m'malo otsogola kumatha kubweretsa kuzizira kwamadzimadzi kuzizira kapena kutsika kwake chifukwa chamadzi amatuluka mwachangu nthawi yotentha.

Pankhani ya batri, izi zibweretsa zovuta kuyambitsa injini, kuchepa kwa moyo wautumiki, kapena kuwola kwa mbale zotsogola. Chozizira chotsika kwambiri chimatha kuwira kutentha pang'ono.

Pofuna kupewa mavuto, m'pofunika kuyeza zakumwa izi munthawi yake pogwiritsa ntchito hydrometer - kuyandama kwa galasi ndi sikelo. Ndiosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, koma pali zina zofunika kuziganizira.

Momwe ntchito

Malinga ndi nthano, wasayansi wakale wachi Greek Archimedes adalowa mu bafa lodzaza, lomwe lidapangitsa madzi kusefukira. Izi zidamupangitsa kuti aganize kuti momwemonso ndizotheka kuyeza kuchuluka kwa golide komwe korona wa Tsar Heron II adapangidwa (wopanga anali ndi udindo wodziwa ngati chodzikongoletsera chamtengo wapatali chinali chopangidwa ndi golide woyenga bwino).

Ma hydrometer aliwonse amagwira ntchito molingana ndi mfundo zosamutsidwa zomwe Archimedes adapeza. Malinga ndi lamulo la hydrostatic, chinthu chikamizidwa m'madzi, mphamvu yochita zinthu imachita. Mtengo wake ndi wofanana ndi kulemera kwa madzi osamuka. Popeza kapangidwe ka madzi ndi kosiyana, ndiye kuti mphamvu yolowerera idzakhala yosiyana.

Botolo losindikizidwa limayikidwa mu chidebe chachikulu ndi madzi. Popeza kulemera kwake kumakhala pansi pa chipangizocho, botolo silimatembenuka, koma limakhala lowongoka.

Pankhani ya kuyeza kwanuko, monga kudziwa kuchuluka kwa antifreeze kapena electrolyte, ma hydrometers amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi posungira komwe kuyandama. Pakulakalaka, madziwo amadzaza botolo lalikulu pamlingo winawake. Pakatikati botolo lachiwiri limapita, kutsika kwa madziwo. Kuti mudziwe malo oyesedwa, muyenera kudikirira mpaka "kuyandama" kutatsika.

Mitundu yazida

Popeza zinthu zamadzimadzi zimakhala ndi makulidwe ake, ma hydrometers amayang'aniridwa ndi aliyense wa iwo mwapadera. Ngati chipangizocho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zina, magwiridwe ake sangakhale olondola.

Kuphatikiza pa kulemera kwake, kofanana ndi madzi ofanana, chipangizocho chimatha kukhala ndi mitundu itatu ya masikelo:

• Kudziwa kuchuluka kwa chinthu;
• Kuyeza kuchuluka kwa zosafunika m'chilengedwe;
• Kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa chinthu chowonjezera chomwe chimasungunuka m'madzi (kapena maziko ena), mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa asidi wa sulfuric mu distillate pakukonzekera kwa electrolyte.

Kunja, ma hydrometers onse ndi ofanana ndipo amagwira ntchito mofananamo, komabe, iliyonse ya iwo imasinthidwa kukhala malo ake komanso magawo ake.

Zida zofananira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza zisonyezo:

• Peresenti ya zakumwa zoledzeretsa;
• Magawo a shuga kapena mchere;
• Kuchuluka kwa njira zothetsera asidi;
• Mafuta mkaka;
• Ubwino wazinthu zamafuta.

Kusintha kulikonse kwa hydrometer kuli ndi dzina lofananira.

Mita ya mowa

Limakupatsani kuyeza mphamvu ya chakumwa choledzeretsa. Poterepa, kuchuluka kwake kumawonetsa kuchuluka kwa zakumwa. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti zida zotere sizomwe zili ponseponse, komanso zimapangidwira magawo ena a zakumwa.

Mwachitsanzo, poyesa vodka, mowa wamadzimadzi ndi mizimu ina, amagwiritsa ntchito ma hydrometer, omwe amaliza maphunziro awo mkati mwa madigiri 40. Pankhani ya vinyo ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa zochepa, amagwiritsa ntchito mabotolo olondola kwambiri.

Hydrometer yazogulitsa mafuta

Gulu la zida izi limapangidwa kuti liziyeza kuchuluka kwa mafuta, palafini, mafuta a dizilo ndi mafuta ena. Chipangizocho chimakupatsani mwayi wodziwa kupezeka kwa zosafunika zomwe zimachepetsa mafuta.

Iwo ntchito osati zomera mafakitale. Woyendetsa galimoto wamba amathanso kugula chida choterocho kuti chikhale chosavuta kudziwa komwe kuli mafuta okwera mafuta m'galimoto yake.

Saccharometer

Refractometers amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakampani azakudya, makamaka popanga timadziti. Chipangizocho chimakuthandizani kuti muone kupsa kwa zipatso. Imayeza kuchuluka kwa shuga mumayeso oyeserera.

Magalimoto a hydrometer

Oyendetsa magalimoto amagwiritsa ntchito ma hydrometers kuti aone kuchuluka kwa antifreeze ndi electrolyte. Osagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuyerekezera madzi ndi mafuta. Pankhani ya mitundu yoyesera zamadzimadzi, chipangizocho chimasinthidwa pang'ono.

Kuphatikiza apo, ili ndi botolo lalikulu lopanda dzenje, mkati mwake muli galasi loyandama lofanana. Kumbali imodzi, chida choterocho chimachepetsedwa (kapena ndodo ya labala ngati pipette), ndipo mbali inayo, babu ya labala imayikidwapo kuti itenge gawo la electrolyte.

Kapangidwe kameneka ndiye kotetezeka kwambiri, chifukwa kulumikizana kwa zinthu acidic ndi poizoni pakhungu ndikosafunika. Mitundu yambiri yamagalimoto ndiyonse ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kuchuluka kwa zakumwa zosiyanasiyana.

Popeza kuti float imamizidwa munjira yosiyana mpaka kuya kwake, magawo omwe amafanana ndi madzimadzi ena amakonzedwa pamiyeso yosiyanasiyana.

Kuphatikiza pakusintha komwe kwatchulidwa pamwambapa, ma hydrometer amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati mankhwala (poyeza kuchuluka kwa zinthu zina zaumunthu), pophika, mafakitale azakudya (mwachitsanzo, lactometer imayeza mkaka, ndipo mita yamchere imathandizira kudziwa kuyenera kwa madzi pazakudya ndi kuuma kwake), komanso mabungwe ang'onoang'ono opanga mankhwala.

Kupanga ndi magawo a hydrometers

Chipangizocho ndi botolo losindikizidwa kumapeto onse awiri. Pali chowombera chachitsulo mkati mwake. Kuchuluka kwake kumatsimikizika ndi cholinga cha chipangizocho (madzi aliwonse amakhala ndi makulidwe ake). Botolo ili ndi sikelo yomwe imakupatsani mwayi wodziwira zomwe mukufuna. Ma hydrometers ena amawonjezeranso mu chubu chachikulu (monga mtundu wa electrolyte).

Botolo lowonjezera limagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza zakumwa zoopsa. Amapangidwa kuti atenge gawo (mwachitsanzo, ma hydrometer yamagalimoto amatha kutenga molondola voliyumu yaying'ono). Kapangidwe kameneka kamaletsa ma electrolyte kapena zinthu zina zapoizoni kulowa pakhungu.

Kutengera kapangidwe ndi cholinga chake, botolo lachiwiri limatha kupangidwa ngati botolo lokhala ndi khosi lalitali kapena mawonekedwe a chubu chokulirapo choyesa chomwe chikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi sikelo. Mitundu ina imapangidwa ndi pulasitiki wonyezimira wonyezimira wosagwirizana ndi asidi komanso njira zamchere.

Mnzake wamagalasi ali ndi maubwino angapo:

• Babu amakhalabe owonekera mosasamala kanthu kagwiritsidwe kake;
• Galasi imagonjetsedwa kwambiri ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi organic.

Chimodzi mwazovuta za ma hydrometers agalasi ndikuti ndiwosalimba, chifukwa chake mtundu wosawonekawo uyenera kusungidwa bwino (ngati pali maselo osiyana pachikopa chilichonse). Poterepa, float iyenera kuchotsedwa mu botolo lalikulu ndikusungidwa m'matumba apadera kuti isasweke.

Mukamagula hydrometer yamtundu womwewo, muyenera kumvetsera zolakwikazo (zikuwonetsedwa ngati kuchuluka). Nthawi zambiri, gawo ili ndilofunikira kwambiri pakupanga miyezo yolondola pakupanga.

Chofunikanso ndikumaliza sikelo. Kutalika kwake, kuyeza kudzakhala kolondola kwambiri. Ma hydrometers otsika mtengo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi pang'ono, motero kudziwa kuchuluka kwa electrolyte kapena antifreeze kumakhala kovuta kwambiri.

Kuti zikhale zosavuta kuti woyendetsa galimoto azindikire ngati chizindikirocho chikuyenda bwino, sikelo ili ndi zilembo zokhala ndi mtengo wololeza (red mark). Mtengo woyenera umadziwika ndi zobiriwira.

Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito hydrometer

Chipangizocho ndichosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Kuti mudziwe parameter wofunikira, float imayikidwa mu chidebe ndi yankho. Ayenera kukhazika mtima pansi, zomwe zidzakupatseni chizindikiro cholondola kwambiri.

Mukamagwira ntchito ndi madzi owopsa, njirayi iyenera kuchitidwa mwanjira yapadera. Popeza kuyendetsa bwino kwa batri kumadalira kachulukidwe ndi kuchuluka kwa asidi mu electrolyte, ndikofunikira kuti nthawi ndi nthawi muziyang'ana magawo awa pogwiritsa ntchito hydrometer (kuti mumve zambiri za momwe mungakulitsire moyo wa batri, werengani m'nkhani yapadera).

Kachulukidwe chizindikiro cha electrolyte mu mabatire ayenera kukhala osiyanasiyana 1,22-1,29 g / cm³ (zimadalira nyengo momwe galimoto imagwirira ntchito). Mitundu ina yama batri imakhala ndigalasi lowonera lokhala ndi chizindikiritso chonyamula. Zizindikiro zake:

• ofiira - mulingo wa electrolyte watsika, amafunika kubwezeretsanso voliyumu (pomwe chindapusa chikhoza kukhala chokwanira kuti oyambitsa ayambe kuwuluka);
• zoyera - batiri latulutsa pafupifupi 50%;
• wobiriwira - magetsi amalipiritsa mokwanira.

Zizindikirozi zidzakuthandizani kudziwa ngati gwero lamagetsi lingagwiritsidwe ntchito kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamagetsi, mwachitsanzo, makina amawu (momwe mungagwirizanitsire bwino choyikitsira galimoto apa).

Kusamalira mphamvu zamagetsi nthawi ndi nthawi kumathandizira kudziwa ngati distillate iyenera kuwonjezeredwa kapena batriyo imafunika kuyambiranso. Mumabatire omwe amatumizidwa, kuyeza kumapangidwa ndi hydrometer yamagalimoto. Nayi kalozera wachangu wamomwe mungagwiritsire ntchito molondola.

Gawo lirilonse ndi malangizo kuti mutenge miyezo

Musanayese madzi amadzimadzi, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti kutentha kuli koyenera panjirayi. Opanga amalimbikitsa kutenga miyezo pamatentha mkati mwa +20 madigiri (osati chilengedwe, koma malo oyesedwa). Kuchuluka kwa madzi omwewo kumasintha ndi kuwerengera kwama thermometer osiyanasiyana, chifukwa chake, kuti muchotse zolakwika, muyenera kutsatira izi.

Kuti muyese mosavuta, zosintha zina zamakono zili ndi thermometer yodziwitsa kutentha kwa madzi. kuti muthe kudziwa ngati madzi akukwaniritsa magawo omwe amafunikira, nthawi zina kuwongolera kumawonetsedwa pamiyeso (kapena pazolemba zaukadaulo za chipangizocho) poganizira kutentha kosakhala koyenera.

Njirayi imachitika motere:

1. muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti pafupifupi maola asanu ndi limodzi apita kuchokera pomwe amalipiritsa komaliza;
2. mapulagi onse a batri sanamasulidwe;
3. float (hydrometer) imalowetsedwa mu botolo lalikulu, peyala imayikidwa pamwamba, ndipo mbali inayo - kork wokhala ndi khosi locheperako;
4. musanatsitse nsonga ya labala mu electrolyte, peyala imapanikizika kwathunthu;
5. Pipette imamizidwa m'madzi, peyala imatsegulidwa;
6. voliyumu ya electrolyte iyenera kukhala yochulukirapo kotero kuti kuyandama mkati mwa botolo kumayandama momasuka ndipo sikumakhudza makoma a botolo;
7. mutatha kuwerenga zizindikirozo, electrolyte imabwerera bwino ku banki ya batri, mapulagi amapotoka.

Kuti muteteze bwino, ma hydrometer ayenera kutsukidwa ndi madzi. Izi zilepheretsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa zolembera mkati mwa botolo, zomwe zingakhudze kulondola kwa muyeso mtsogolo.

Chitetezo muyeso

Madzi amagetsi m'galimoto nthawi zambiri amakhala owopsa ndipo, akalumikizana ndi khungu nthawi yayitali, amatha kuwononga (makamaka ngati pali asidi), motero ndikofunikira kutsatira njira zachitetezo mukamagwira nawo ntchito. Nazi zomwe woyendetsa galimoto aliyense ayenera kukumbukira:

• kupewa asidi ndi khungu la manja, magolovesi agwiritsidwe ntchito;
• Pakugwira ntchito kwa batri, madzi omwe amatha kutuluka amatha kusandulika (amagwiranso ntchito zosinthidwa), chifukwa chake, mukamasula mapulagi, muyenera kusamala kuti musapume mpweya wa asidi;
• mukamagwira ntchito ndi batri, ndizoletsedwa kusuta komanso kugwiritsa ntchito gwero lililonse lamoto wotseguka;
• ndikofunikira kutenga miyezo pamalo opumira mpweya wabwino;
• kugwira ntchito ndi zakumwa zoopsa sikulekerera kufulumira (chifukwa chakusazindikira, ma electrolyte amatha kulowa pagalimoto ndikuwononga chitsulo).

Chidule cha mitundu yotchuka ya hydrometer

Kupeza ma hydrometer abwino sikovuta chifukwa ndichida chosavuta chomwe chingapezeke m'sitolo iliyonse yamagalimoto. Pali mitundu ingapo yazida zotere. Amasiyana wina ndi mzake ndi magawo omwe amafananira. Nawa ma hydrometer odziwika.

Kwa zoletsa kuwumakwa:	Mtengo woyerekeza, cu	ulemu	zolakwa
Nkhani Yamasewera Othamanga	8	Yaying'ono, multifunctional, yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, odalirika	Wokondedwa
Mtengo wa JTC1040	5	Opepuka komanso ophatikizika, amitundu yambiri (malo ozizira ndi malo otentha omwe amadziwika pamiyeso)	Zimayankha bwino chifukwa chokhudzana nthawi yayitali ndi zidulo
AV Zitsulo AV-920097	4	Mtengo wa bajeti, kugwiritsa ntchito mosavuta, wodalirika, wosunthika	Zolemba zazing'ono pamlingo
Kwa electrolyte:
Nkhani Yamasewera Othamanga	7	Zosunthika, zopepuka, zoyera mitundu, zolimba	Mtengo wokwera
Mayiko a Heyner 925 010	6	Mtengo wololera, mlandu wapulasitiki, voliyumu yaying'ono ya electrolyte yoyesedwa	Peyala ikhoza kusungidwa popanda chivundikiro
Autoprofi AKB BAT / TST-118	5	Yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, sikelo yamitundu, mtengo wotsika mtengo	Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pama batri otsogolera-asidi okha, zotsatira zake sizimawonetsa chizindikiritso chenicheni
Mtengo wa JTC1041	4	Njira yotsika mtengo, mphamvu ya botolo, yolimbana ndi mayankho a asidi, kuyeza kwayeso, yaying'ono	Kuyandama nthawi zambiri kumamatira kukhoma la botolo, palibe mlandu
Zolemba za Penant AR-02 5002	2	Opepuka, osindikizidwa, galasi, wotsika mtengo	Babu ya mabala amataya msanga, palibe chifukwa

Musanasankhe kusinthidwa, muyenera kufunsa akatswiri, popeza opanga chaka chilichonse amapanga mitundu yatsopano yokhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino. Zosintha zina zitha kukhala zopanda ntchito pakuyeza zakumwa zina.

M'masitolo, mutha kupeza mitundu ya chilengedwe chonse momwe mungayesere mtundu wa zonse zoziziritsa ndi zamagetsi. Ena mwa iwo amakhala ndi dial ndipo amakhala ndi madzi osungunuka amtundu uliwonse wamadzi. Kuyeserera kumawonetsa kuti zosintha zamtengo wapatalizi ndizoyenera kuchitira akatswiri malo kuposa ntchito zapakhomo.

Monga mukuwonera, ma hydrometer si chida chovuta kwambiri chomwe ngakhale oyamba kumene amatha kuyeza molondola mkhalidwe wa electrolyte kapena antifreeze. Chifukwa cha njira yosavuta imeneyi, woyendetsa galimotoyo azitha kukulitsa moyo wa batri ndikuwonetsetsa kuti makina aziziziritsa bwino.

Kanema pa mutuwo

Nayi kanema wachidule wamomwe mungagwiritsire ntchito hydrometer kuyeza kuchuluka kwa ma electrolyte mumabatire oyendetsedwa:

MMENE MUNGAGWIRITSE NTCHITO HEROMETER kuyeza kuchuluka kwa electrolyte mu batri

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Kodi mungayese bwanji ndi Hydrometer? Chipangizochi chimayesa kuchuluka kwa madzi aliwonse aukadaulo. Zimagwira ntchito pamaziko a lamulo la Archimedes. Chipangizo cha magalimoto chimapangidwira antifreeze ndi electrolyte.

Kodi hydrometer ndi chiyani komanso momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito? Ichi ndi botolo lomwe lili ndi chubu lotsekedwa lotsekedwa, mkati mwake muli kuwombera zitsulo. Peyala imatenga madzi. Mulingo wake pa sikelo ukuwonetsa kachulukidwe.

Momwe mungadziwire kachulukidwe ndi hydrometer? Kwa ichi, chubu chamkati chimakhala ndi sikelo yomaliza yamadzimadzi osiyanasiyana. Njira yosavuta ndi chubu losindikizidwa ndi sikelo. Amaviikidwa mumadzimadzi.