Makina oyimitsira injini. Cholinga, mfundo yogwirira ntchito, ntchito

Palibe ICE yomwe imatha kugwira ntchito popanda makina oyatsira injini. Kuwunikira uku kukufotokoza cholinga cha dongosololi, zovuta zake ndi malingaliro ake pazokonzanso.

Cholinga cha mafuta kondomu dongosolo

Injini yamagalimoto ndiye gawo lalikulu lomwe limayendetsa galimoto. Amakhala ndi magawo mazana angapo olumikizirana. Pafupifupi zinthu zake zonse zimakumana ndi kutentha kwakukulu ndi mikangano.

Popanda mafuta oyenera, galimoto iliyonse imatha msanga. Cholinga chake ndi kuphatikiza zinthu zingapo:

• Mafuta magawo kuchepetsa kuvala pamwamba pa mikangano;
• Mbali zotentha;
• Sambani malo omwe mwapanganso tchipisi ting'onoting'ono ndi ma kaboni;
• Pewani makutidwe ndi okosijeni azitsulo pokhudzana ndi mpweya;
• Muzinthu zina zosinthidwa, mafuta ndimadzimadzi ogwira ntchito pakusintha ma hayidiroliki, ma tensioners a lamba ndi machitidwe ena.

Kutentha ndi kuchotsa kwa ma tinthu tina zakunja pazinthu zamagalimoto kumachitika chifukwa chakumazungulira kwamadzimadzi kudzera mumzera wamafuta. Werengani za momwe mafuta amathandizira pamafuta oyaka mkati, komanso kusankha kwa zinthu zofunikira kwambiri. m'nkhani yapadera.

Mitundu ya kondomu

Izi ndi mitundu ya kondomu:

• Ndikupanikizika. Pachifukwa ichi, pampu yamafuta imayikidwa. Zimapangitsa kupanikizika mu mzere wamafuta.
• Utsi kapena centrifugal. Nthawi zambiri, mphamvu ya centrifuge imapangidwa - ziwalo zimazungulira ndikupopera mafuta m'mbali yonse ya makinawo. Utsi wamafuta umakhazikika padera. Mafuta amadzimadzi amayenda mobwerezabwereza mu dziwe;
• Kuphatikiza. Mafuta oterewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu injini zamagalimoto amakono. Mafuta amaperekedwa kuzinthu zina za injini yoyaka mkati mopanikizika, ndipo ena amapopera mankhwala. Kuphatikiza apo, njira yoyamba imakakamiza kuthira mafuta pazinthu zofunikira kwambiri, mosasamala kanthu momwe magwiridwe antchito agwirira ntchito. Njirayi imalola kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mafuta amafuta.

Ndiponso, machitidwe onse amagawika m'magulu awiri ofunikira:

• Sump yonyowa. M'mabaibulo awa, mafuta amatengedwa mu sump. Pampu yamafuta imayamwa ndipo imapopera kupyola ngalande kupita ku gawo lomwe mukufuna;
• Sump youma. Njirayi ili ndi mapampu awiri: mapampu amodzi, ndipo inayo imayamwa mafuta oyenda mu sump. Mafuta onse amatengedwa mosungira.

Mwachidule za zabwino ndi zoyipa zamitundu iyi:

Dongosolo kondomu:	ulemu	zolakwa
Sump youma	Wopanga magalimoto atha kugwiritsa ntchito mota wokhala ndi kutalika kotsika; Mukamayendetsa kutsetsereka, mota umapitilizabe kulandira gawo loyenera la mafuta ozizira; Kukhalapo kwa radiator yozizira kumapereka kuziziritsa kwabwino kwa magawo amkati oyaka amkati.	Mtengo wamagalimoto okhala ndi makina otere ndiokwera mtengo nthawi zambiri; Zambiri zomwe zitha kuwonongeka.
Sump yonyowa	Oyendetsa ochepa: fyuluta imodzi ndi mpope umodzi	Chifukwa cha kugwirira ntchito kwa injini, mafuta amatha thovu; Mafuta amafewetsa kwambiri, chifukwa chake injini imatha kufa ndi njala yamafuta pang'ono; Ngakhale sump ili kumapeto kwa injini, mafuta alibe nthawi yozizira chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwakukulu; Mukamayendetsa pamtunda wotsetsereka pang'ono, pampu sichiyamwa mafuta okwanira, omwe angachititse kuti motowo utenthe kwambiri.

Chipangizo, njira yogwiritsira ntchito kondomu

Makina achikale ali ndi mawonekedwe awa:

• Dzenje pamwamba pa mota pakubwezeretsanso voliyumu yamafuta;
• Sitimayi yothirira mafuta momwe amasonkhanitsira mafuta onse. Pansi pake pali pulagi, yomwe imapangidwira kukhetsa mafuta nthawi ina ikakonzedwa kapena kukonzedwa;
• Mpope umapangitsa kupanikizika mu mzere wamafuta;
• Katemera yemwe amakulolani kudziwa kuchuluka kwa mafuta ndi momwe zilili;
• Kudya mafuta, komwe kumapangidwa ngati chitoliro, kuvala kulumikizana kwa pampu. Nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi thumba laling'ono loyeretsera mafuta;
• Chosefacho chimachotsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kuchokera pamafuta. Chifukwa cha izi, makina oyaka amkati amalandila mafuta apamwamba kwambiri;
• Zizindikiro (kutentha ndi kuthamanga);
• Redieta. Amapezeka m'motors ambiri amakono owuma. Amagwiritsa ntchito kuziziritsa mafuta omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera. M'magalimoto ochuluka kwambiri, poto yamafuta imagwira ntchitoyi;
• Ma valve odutsa. Imaletsa mafuta kuti asabwerere mosungiramo osamaliza mafuta;
• Msewu waukulu. Nthawi zambiri, amapangidwa ngati ma grooves mu crankcase ndi magawo ena (mwachitsanzo, mabowo mu crankshaft).

Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ndi iyi. Injini ikayamba, mpope wamafuta umangoyamba kugwira ntchito. Amapereka mafuta kudzera mu fyuluta kudzera mumayendedwe amutu wamphamvu kupita ku mayunitsi omwe ali ndi katundu wambiri - kuzitsulo za crankshaft ndi camshaft.

Zinthu zina zakanthawi zimalandira kondomu kudzera pamakina olowera pachimake. Mafuta amayenda ndi mphamvu yokoka kulowa mu sump m'mbali mwa ma grooves mumutu wamphamvu. Izi zimatseka dera.

Mofananamo ndi kudzoza kwamagawo ofunikira, mafuta amalowa m'mabowo am'mitengo yolumikizira kenako ndikuwaza pisitoni ndi khoma lamphamvu. Chifukwa cha njirayi, kutentha kumachotsedwa pamapisitoni, ndipo mikangano ya O-mphete pamphamvu imachepetsedwanso.

Komabe, magalimoto ambiri ali ndi mfundo zosiyana pang'ono zopaka tizigawo ting'onoting'ono. Mwa iwo, makina opunthira amathyola madontho kukhala fumbi lamafuta, lomwe limakhazikika m'malo ovuta kufikira. Mwanjira imeneyi, amalandira mafuta oyenera chifukwa cha tizinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapangidwa.

Dizilo kondomu dongosolo kondomu Komanso ali payipi kwa turbocharger lapansi. Njirayi ikamagwira ntchito, imakhala yotentha kwambiri chifukwa cha mpweya wotulutsa utsi, womwe umazungulira mtunda, motero ziwalo zake zimafunikiranso kuzirala. Makina opanga mafuta a Turbo ali ndi mapangidwe ofanana.

Kuphatikiza apo, onerani kanemayo pakufunika kwamphamvu zamafuta:

Mafuta dongosolo injini, kodi ntchito?

Momwe makina osungunulira sump ophatikizira amagwirira ntchito

Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito dera lino ili ndi zotsatirazi. Injini ikayamba, mpope umakoka mafuta mu mzere wamafuta a injini. Phukusi lokoka limakhala ndi mauna omwe amachotsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta mafuta.

Mafuta amayenda kudzera pazosefera zamafuta amafuta. Kenako mzerewo umagawidwa kumagulu onse a unit. Kutengera kusinthidwa kwa injini yoyaka yamkati, itha kukhala ndi mipweya yazitsulo kapena ma grooves m'magawo akuluakulu.

1. Chitoliro chodzaza mafuta
2. Mafuta mpope
3. Chitoliro chamafuta
4. Chitoliro chamafuta
5. Centrifugal mafuta fyuluta
6. Fyuluta yamafuta
7. Chizindikiro chamafuta
8. Mafuta fyuluta kulambalala valavu
9. Mpopi wa Redieta
10. Ma Radiator
11. Valavu yosiyanitsa
12. Valavu yachitetezo pagawo la rediyeta
13. Mafuta sump
14. Chitoliro chokoka ndikudya
15. Gawo lamagetsi la pampu yamafuta
16. Gawo lowonjezera la mpope wamafuta
17. Kuchepetsa valavu yamagawo operekera
18. Cavity ya mafuta owonjezera a centrifugal

Mafuta onse osagwiritsidwa ntchito omwe amapita ku KShM ndi nthawi, chifukwa chake, mu injini yothamanga, mafuta amapopera mbali zina za chipindacho. Madzi onse ogwira ntchito amabwerera ndi mphamvu yokoka ku dziwe (sump kapena tank). Pakadali pano, mafuta amayeretsa pamwamba pazipindazo kuchokera pazitsulo zachitsulo ndi mafuta owotcha. Pakadali pano, kuzungulira kutsekedwa.

Mulingo wamafuta ndi tanthauzo lake

Makamaka ayenera kulipidwa kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe ali mu injini. Mumitundu yokhala ndi sump yonyowa, mulingo womwe ukuwonetsedwa ndi notches pa dipstick sayenera kuloledwa kukwera kapena kugwa. Mtengo ukakhala wochepa, magalimoto sangapeze mafuta okwanira (makamaka mukamayendetsa kutsikira). Ngakhale ziwalozo zikafewetsedwa, ma pistoni oyaka moto ndi zonenepa siziziziritsa, zomwe zingayambitse kutentha kwa mota.

Mulingo wamafuta m'galimoto amayang'aniridwa ndi injini ikangotha ​​kutentha pang'ono. Choyamba, pukutani chikwatu ndi chiguduli. Kenako amaikanso m'malo mwake. Mwa kuchotsa izo, dalaivala amatha kudziwa kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe ali pachimake. Ngati ndizosafunikira, muyenera kuwonjezera voliyumu.

Ngati mtengo wololedwa udapitilira, mafuta owonjezerawo amatuluka thovu ndikuwotcha, zomwe zingasokoneze magwiridwe antchito amkati oyaka. Poterepa, ndikofunikira kukhetsa madziwo kudzera mu pulagi yomwe ili pansi pa sump. Komanso, ndi mtundu wa mafutawo, mutha kudziwa kufunika kosintha.

Galimoto iliyonse ili ndi kusuntha kwake kwamafuta. Izi zimapezeka muzolemba zagalimoto. Pali ma injini omwe amafunikira malita 3,5 a mafuta, ndipo pali ena omwe amafunika voliyumu yopitilira 7 malita.

Kusiyana pakati pamafuta a mafuta ndi mafuta a dizilo

Mu Motors amenewa kondomu dongosolo ntchito pafupifupi chimodzimodzi, chifukwa ali ndi dongosolo ofanana. Kusiyana kokha ndiko mtundu wamafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mgawo ili. Injini ya dizilo imatentha kwambiri, motero mafuta ake ayenera kukwaniritsa izi:

• Kupirira kutentha kwakukulu;
• Ndi bwino kutsuka mwaye, chifukwa umakhala wambiri mu injini za dizilo;
• Ziyenera kukhala zosagonjetsedwa ndi mankhwala chifukwa chokhudzana ndi mpweya wotulutsa mpweya. M'magetsi a dizilo, mpweya wotulutsa mpweya umatha kulowa mu crankcase chifukwa chothina kwambiri. Izi zitha kuchepetsa kwambiri moyo wamafuta a injini.

Pali mitundu itatu yamafuta:

• Zojambula;
• Theka-kupanga;
• Madzi amchere.

Iliyonse mwa iwo ili ndi maziko amodzi, koma pali zowonjezera zake, zomwe zimadalira mafuta. Chizindikiro Izi zimakhudza pafupipafupi m'malo. Zopanga zimakhala ndi nthawi yayitali, ma semi-synthetics ali m'malo achiwiri, ndi mafuta amchere kumapeto kwa mndandandandawo.

Komabe, si mota zonse zomwe zimayendetsa zopanga (mwachitsanzo, ma motors okalamba amafunikira zinthu zochepa zamadzimadzi pafilimu yamafuta yokulirapo). Malangizo amtundu wa mafuta ndi malamulo osinthira akuwonetsedwa ndiopanga mayendedwe.

Koma awiri sitiroko injini, mu zosintha ngati palibe crankcase, ndi mafuta wothira mafuta. Lubrication yazinthu zonse zimachitika chifukwa cha kukhudzana kwa mafuta ochulukirapo omwe amakhala mnyumba yamagalimoto. Palibe magawidwe amafuta mu injini zamkati zamkati, motero mafuta oterewa ndi okwanira.

Palinso osiyana dongosolo kondomu kwa injini ziwiri sitiroko. Ili ndi akasinja awiri osiyana. Imodzi ili ndi mafuta ndipo inayo ili ndi mafuta. Madzi awiriwa amasakanikirana ndi mpweya wambiri wamagalimoto. Palinso kusinthidwa kwina, komwe mafuta amaperekedwa kuzotengera kuchokera pagombe lina.

Njirayi imakuthandizani kuti musinthe mafuta mumafuta malinga ndi makina ogwirira ntchito. Ziribe kanthu momwe mafuta amaperekera, pakadutsa kawiri imasakanikirana ndi mafuta. Ndicho chifukwa chake mphamvu yake iyenera kuwonjezeredwa nthawi zonse.

Malangizo pakuyendetsa ndi kukonza dongosolo lamafuta

Kuchita bwino kwa mafuta pamakina kumadalira kukhazikika kwake. Pachifukwa ichi, amafunika kumusamalira nthawi zonse. Njirayi imachitika pagawo lililonse lokonza galimoto iliyonse. Ngati magawo ndi misonkhano ingaperekedwe chisamaliro chochepa (ngakhale chitetezo ndi kudalirika kwa mayendedwe kumafunikira chidwi pamakina onse), ndiye kuti kunyalanyaza kusintha mafuta ndi fyuluta kumabweretsa kukonzanso mtengo. Pankhani ya makina ena, zimakhala zotsika mtengo kugula yatsopano kuposa kuyambitsa injini yokonzanso.

Kuphatikiza pakusintha kwakanthawi kwakanthawi kwa ogula, woyendetsa galimoto akuyembekezeka kuti azigwiritsa ntchito bwino magetsi. Poyambitsa injini patapita nthawi yayitali (maola 5-8 ndikwanira), mafuta onse ali mu sump, ndipo pali gawo laling'ono la kanema wamafuta.

Ngati pakadali pano muwapatsa magalimoto (yambani kuyendetsa), popanda mafuta oyenera, ziwalozo zimalephera msanga. Chowonadi ndichakuti pampu imatenga nthawi kuti ikankhire mafuta owonjezera (chifukwa ndi ozizira) pamzere wonse.

Pachifukwa ichi, ngakhale injini yamakono imafunikira kutentha pang'ono kuti mafuta afike kumagawo onse a unit. Izi sizitenganso nthawi yozizira kuposa momwe dalaivala amakhala ndi nthawi yochotsa matalala onse mgalimoto (kuphatikiza padenga). Magalimoto okhala ndi LPG amathandizira kuti njirayi ikhale yosavuta. Zamagetsi sizingasinthe kukhala gasi mpaka injini yatentha.

Makamaka ayenera kulipidwa ku injini zosintha mafuta. Anthu ambiri amadalira mileage, koma chizindikirochi sichimawonetsa kuchuluka kwa njirayi. Chowonadi ndichakuti ngakhale galimoto yothamanga ikakakamira mumsewu wamagalimoto kapena kulowa mu kupanikizana, mafutawo amatayabe pang'onopang'ono katundu wake, ngakhale galimotoyo imatha kuyendetsa pang'ono.

Kumbali ina, dalaivala nthawi zambiri akamayendetsa maulendo ataliatali pamsewu waukulu, mwa njirayi mafuta amawononga chuma chake kwanthawi yayitali, ngakhale milage yayitali kale. Werengani momwe mungawerengere maola a injini pano.

Ndipo ndi mafuta amtundu wanji omwe kuthira mu injini yagalimoto yanu akufotokozedwa muvidiyo yotsatirayi:

Mafuta dongosolo injini, kodi ntchito?

Zoyipa zina za kondomu

Nthawi zambiri, dongosololi silikhala ndi zolakwika zambiri, koma zimawonetsedwa makamaka ndi kuchuluka kwa mafuta kapena kuthamanga kwake. Nazi zolakwika zazikulu ndi momwe mungazikonzere:

Kulephera chizindikiro:	Zovuta zomwe zingachitike:	Zosankha zothetsera:
Kuchuluka kwa mafuta	Kukhazikika kwa fyuluta ndikuthyoka (sikumenyedwa bwino); Kutayikira ma gaskets (mwachitsanzo, gasket ya crankcase); Kuwonongeka kwa mphasa; Mpweya wabwino wa crankcase watsekedwa; Kusintha kwa nthawi kapena KShM.	Sinthanitsani ma gaskets, onetsetsani kuyika kolondola kwa fyuluta yamafuta (akanatha kuyiyika mosagwirizana, pomwe sinapotoze kwathunthu), kuti mukonze nthawi, KShM kapena kuyeretsa mpweya wabwino, muyenera kulumikizana ndi katswiri
Kupanikizika kwadongosolo	Chosefacho chatsekedwa kwambiri; Pampu yathyoledwa; Ma valve ochepetsa kuthamanga asweka; Mulingo wamafuta ndiwotsika; Chojambulira chapanikizika chasweka.	Sefani m'malo, kukonza ziwalo zolakwika.

Zolakwitsa zambiri zimapezeka powunika ndi magetsi. Ngati pali ma smudges amafuta, gawoli liyenera kukonzedwa. Nthawi zambiri, pakatuluka kwambiri, banga limapangika pansi pa makinawo.

Ntchito zina zokonzanso zimafunikira kuyimitsidwa pang'ono kwa galimoto, motero zikakhala bwino kudalira katswiri. Makamaka ngati vuto la KShM kapena nthawi yake yapezeka. Komabe, pokonza bwino, zovuta ngati izi ndizosowa kwambiri.

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Kodi mafuta a injini ndi chiyani? Dongosolo lopaka mafuta limachepetsa kukangana pakati pa magawo a injini, kuonetsetsa kuchotsedwa kwa ma depositi a kaboni ndi chindapusa, komanso kuziziritsa mbalizi ndikuziteteza kuti zisawonongeke.

Kodi thanki yamafuta a injini ili kuti? M'makina onyowa a sump, iyi ndiye sump (pansi pa cylinder block). M'makina owuma a sump, iyi ndi nkhokwe yosiyana (mafuta amatha kukokedwa pa chivindikiro).

Ndi mitundu yanji yamafuta opaka mafuta? Supuni 1 yonyowa (mafuta mu poto); 2 sump youma (mafuta amasonkhanitsidwa m'malo osiyana). Mafuta amatha kuyendetsedwa ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, jekeseni wamagetsi kapena kuphatikiza.