Kutumiza galimoto
Chowongolera chamagudumu onse a Haldex
Opanga magalimoto akuwonjezera zida zamagetsi zamagetsi ku chipangizo chagalimoto yamakono. Kusinthika kotereku ndi kufalitsa kwagalimoto sikunadutse. Zamagetsi zimalola makina ndi machitidwe onse kuti azigwira ntchito molondola komanso kuyankha mwachangu pakusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito. Galimoto yokhala ndi magudumu onse imakhala ndi makina omwe amasamutsa gawo la torque kupita ku axle yachiwiri, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yotsogola. Kutengera mtundu wagalimoto komanso momwe mainjiniya amathetsera vuto lakulumikiza mawilo onse, kutumizira kumatha kukhala ndi kusiyana kocheperako (komwe kusiyanitsa kuli bwanji ndi momwe kumagwirira ntchito kumafotokozedwera mu ndemanga yosiyana) kapena clutch yamitundu yambiri. , zomwe mungawerenge padera. M'mafotokozedwe amtundu woyendetsa magudumu onse, lingaliro la kulumikizana kwa Haldex likhoza kukhalapo. Iye…
Kapangidwe ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito kosinthira makokedwe amakono
Wotembenuza makokedwe woyamba adawonekera zaka zoposa zana zapitazo. Popeza adasinthidwa ndikusintha zambiri, njira yabwino iyi yotumizira ma torque tsopano imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ambiri aukadaulo wamakina, ndipo makampani amagalimoto nawonso. Kuyendetsa galimoto kwakhala kosavuta komanso kosavuta, popeza tsopano palibe chifukwa chogwiritsira ntchito clutch pedal. Chipangizo ndi mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito torque converter, monga zonse zanzeru, ndizosavuta. Nkhani yoyambira Mfundo yopatsira torque pogwiritsa ntchito kubwereza kwamadzimadzi pakati pa ma impellers awiri popanda kulumikizana kolimba idaperekedwa koyamba ndi injiniya waku Germany Hermann Fettinger mu 1905. Zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito mfundoyi zimatchedwa kugwirizana kwamadzimadzi. Panthawiyo, chitukuko cha zomangamanga shipbuilding ankafuna okonza kupeza njira kusamutsa makokedwe pang'onopang'ono kuchokera injini nthunzi ku sitima yaikulu ...
Makinawa kapena makaniko: chabwino
Posankha galimoto yatsopano, mtundu wa gearbox womwe umayikidwapo umagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Mpaka pano, zotumizira zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zitha kugawidwa m'mawu odziwikiratu komanso otumizira. Kodi mtundu uliwonse wa gearbox ndi chiyani, zabwino ndi zoyipa ndi ziti? Ndi ziti mwa zotumizirazi zomwe zitha kukhala zabwinoko? Tidzapenda nkhani zimenezi m’nkhaniyo. Makina: odalirika komanso achuma Kutumiza kwamanja ndi imodzi mwamitundu yakale kwambiri yotumizira. Apa, dalaivala akukhudzidwa mwachindunji ndi kusankha kutumiza. Kusintha kwa zida kumachitika ndi dalaivala pogwiritsa ntchito makina osankhidwa a zida ndi ma synchronizer, chifukwa chake kufalikira kumatchedwa kufala kwamanja. Kusunthako nthawi zambiri kumayamba ndi zida zoyambira, ndipo magiya otsatira amasankhidwa potengera kuthamanga kwapano, kuthamanga kwa injini ndi msewu ...
Makina kapena makina ochitira zokha: ndi bokosi liti lomwe liri labwino
Ngati mpaka posachedwapa, oyendetsa, posankha galimoto, akanangodalira basi kapena zimango, lero osiyanasiyana kusankha kwakula kwambiri. Ndi chitukuko chamakampani opanga magalimoto, ma transmissions a m'badwo watsopano, monga bokosi la robotic ndi makina osinthira, ayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa bokosi la giya loboti ndi makina odziwikiratu, komanso kufalitsa komwe kuli bwino (kodziwikiratu kapena loboti) ndikofunikira kuti wogula aliyense adziwe. Kusankha komwe dalaivala apanga pamapeto pake kumadalira izi. Kutumiza kwachiwongolero Maziko a makina odziyimira pawokha ndi chosinthira ma torque, makina owongolera ndi bokosi la pulaneti lomwe lili ndi zida ndi magiya. Mapangidwe a makinawa amalola kuti azitha kusintha liwiro la injini, kuthamanga komanso kuyendetsa galimoto. Kutengapo gawo kwa dalaivala sikofunikira apa. Makinawa amaikidwa pamagalimoto ndi magalimoto ...
Mitundu yama transmissions zodziwikiratu
Makampani opanga magalimoto akuwongolera mwachangu kapangidwe ka zigawo zikuluzikulu ndi misonkhano ikuluikulu, kupangitsa moyo kukhala wosavuta kwa madalaivala ndikuwongolera luso la magalimoto. Magalimoto amakono ochulukirachulukira akusiya kutumiza kwamanja, kusiya zokonda zatsopano komanso zapamwamba kwambiri: automatic, robotic ndi CVT. M'nkhaniyi, tikambirana za mitundu ya gearbox, momwe amasiyana wina ndi mzake, momwe amagwirira ntchito, mfundo yoyendetsera ntchito ndi kudalirika. Hydraulic "automatic": yachikale mu mawonekedwe ake oyera kwambiri Ma hydraulic automatic transmission ndiye kholo ladziko lapansi lodziwikiratu, komanso zotumphukira zawo. Kutumiza koyamba zodziwikiratu anali hydromechanical, analibe "ubongo", analibe masitepe oposa anayi, koma iwo analibe kudalirika. Kenako, mainjiniya amayambitsa makina apamwamba kwambiri a hydraulic automatic transmission, omwe amadziwikanso chifukwa chodalirika, koma ntchito yake imachokera pakuwerenga zambiri ...
Kapangidwe ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka Multitronic gearbox
Kuti galimoto iliyonse iyambe kuyenda, ndikofunikira kusamutsa torque yomwe injini imapanga kumawilo oyendetsa galimoto. Pachifukwa ichi, pali kufala. Chipangizo chonse, komanso mfundo yoyendetsera makinawa, ikufotokozedwa m'nkhani ina. Zaka makumi angapo zapitazo, oyendetsa galimoto ambiri analibe chosankha chotere: opanga magalimoto ankawapatsa iwo mwina ndi manja kapena otomatiki. Masiku ano pali njira zambiri zotumizira mauthenga. Chinthu chofunika kwambiri mu dongosolo ndi gearbox. Chigawochi chimapereka mphamvu yoyenera kuchoka ku galimoto, ndikutumiza kusuntha kwa magudumu oyendetsa galimoto. Kutengera kusinthidwa kwa bokosi la gear, imatha kugwira ntchito popanda kusokoneza kuyenda kwamagetsi kapena kulumikizidwa nthawi ndi nthawi / kulumikizidwa kwa bokosi la gear ndi mota yosinthira zida. Kusintha kofala kwambiri...
Kapangidwe ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka kufalikira kwa Easytronic
Ndi kutulutsidwa kwa m'badwo watsopano uliwonse wa magalimoto, opanga akuyambitsa umisiri wowonjezereka muzinthu zawo. Ena amawonjezera kudalirika kwa machitidwe ena agalimoto, ena amapangidwa kuti awonjezere chitonthozo poyendetsa galimoto. Ndipo ena amawongoleredwa kuti apereke chitetezo chokhazikika komanso chokhazikika kwa aliyense amene ali mgalimoto akuyendetsa. Kufala kwa galimoto kumakhalanso ndi zosintha zonse. Opanga magalimoto akuyesera kukonza kusintha kwa zida, kudalirika kwa makinawo, komanso kuwonjezera moyo wake wogwira ntchito. Mwa zosintha zosiyanasiyana za gearbox, pali makina ndi zodziwikiratu (kusiyana kwa mitundu yodziwikiratu yotumizira ikufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane m'nkhani ina). Mtundu wodziwikiratu wa ma gearbox adapangidwa makamaka ngati gawo la chitonthozo, popeza mnzake wamakina amagwirabe ntchito yabwino kwambiri ndi ...
Chipangizo ndi mfundo yogwirira ntchito yolumikizira
Chipangizo cha makina ena agalimoto chimaphatikizapo clutch yodutsa. Makamaka, ndi gawo lofunikira la jenereta. Tsopano tiyeni tiyang'ane pa mtundu wa makina omwe ali, pa mfundo yomwe idzagwire ntchito, ndi mtundu wanji wa zowonongeka zomwe zimakhala nazo, komanso momwe mungasankhire clutch yatsopano. Kodi jenereta ya freewheel ndi chiyani Musanazindikire chifukwa chake gawo lotsalira ili mu jenereta, muyenera kufufuza pang'ono mu terminology. Monga momwe ntchito yodziwika bwino ya Wikipedia ikufotokozera, freewheel ndi makina omwe amakulolani kusamutsa torque kuchokera kutsinde lina kupita ku lina. Koma ngati shaft yoyendetsedwa iyamba kusinthasintha mwachangu kuposa kuyendetsa, mphamvuyo simayenda mbali ina. Kusintha kosavuta kwa njira zotere kumagwiritsidwa ntchito panjinga (zisanu zoyikidwa pamapangidwe a gudumu lakumbuyo kapena ...
Kapangidwe ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka kayendedwe ka Powershift
Kuti apititse patsogolo kuyendetsa bwino, opanga ma automaker akupanga machitidwe osiyanasiyana. Mwa zina, chidwi chimaperekedwa pakufalitsa. Masiku ano, nkhawa zosiyanasiyana zapanga ma transmission ambiri odziwikiratu. Mndandandawu umaphatikizapo chosinthira, loboti, ndi makina odziyimira pawokha (zambiri pazomwe kusinthidwa kungathe kufotokozedwa m'nkhani ina). Mu 2010, Ford anayambitsa gawo latsopano kufala kufala kwa msika, amene anatcha Powershift. Patangotha zaka ziwiri chiyambireni kupanga gearbox, ogula a mitundu yatsopano ya galimoto anayamba kudandaula za kusakwanira kwa makinawo. Popanda kulowa mwatsatanetsatane, malingaliro oyipa ochokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri anali akuti kachitidwe ka gearbox nthawi zambiri kamakhala ndi kutsetsereka, kusintha kwapang'onopang'ono kwa magiya, ma jerks, kutentha kwambiri komanso kuvala mwachangu kwa zinthu ...
Kodi kumbuyo kwa bokosi la gear ndi kuti, kuli kuti
Pamene galimoto ikuyenda, dalaivala amayendetsa ntchito ya injini ndi gearbox. Magalimoto okhala ndi njira yolumikizirana amagwiritsa ntchito ulalo womwe dalaivala amawongolera magiya. Kenako, ganizirani chipangizo chakumbuyo, mawonekedwe a kukonza ndi ntchito. Kodi rocker mu gearbox ndi chiyani? Kumbuyo kumatanthawuza njira yomwe, kupyolera muzitsulo za gearshift, imagwirizanitsa ndodo yomwe imayendetsa foloko ya gear. Ngati galimoto kutsogolo-gudumu pagalimoto, ndi rocker ili pansi pa nyumba, pamwamba kapena mbali ya gearbox. Ngati galimoto ndi kumbuyo-gudumu pagalimoto, ndiye backstage akhoza anafika kuchokera pansi. Makina osankhidwa amagiya amakhudzidwa nthawi zonse ndi katundu: kugwedezeka, kudzera pamafoloko osinthira zida ndi mphamvu yochokera ku dzanja ...
Kukonzekera kwa gearbox
Kuti galimoto iliyonse igwire bwino, mwiniwake wa galimoto sayenera kungoyang'ana maonekedwe a makina osokera, komanso kuwatumikira panthawi yake. Kuti athandizire ntchitoyo pozindikira nthawi ya njira iliyonse, wopanga makina amakhazikitsa dongosolo lokonzekera. Pakukonza kokonzekera, zigawo zonse ndi misonkhano imayang'aniridwa ngati zasokonekera. Njirayi idapangidwa kuti iteteze kuwonongeka mwadzidzidzi kwagalimoto pamsewu. Pankhani ya njira zina, izi zingayambitse ngozi. Ganizirani zochita zomwe zimagwirizana ndi kukonza ma gearbox. Nthawi zambiri, kukonza galimoto kumakhala m'magulu atatu: Kukonza koyamba. Panthawiyi, madzi ambiri aukadaulo ndi zosefera zimasinthidwa. Kumangika kwa zomangira pamakina onse omwe kugwedezeka kwamphamvu kumapangidwa kumafufuzidwa. Gululi lilinso ndi macheke.…
Cholinga ndi momwe magwiridwe antchito a masensa opitilira muyeso amathandizira
Kutumiza kwamotoko kumayendetsedwa ndi electro-hydraulic system. Njira yosinthira magiya mumayendedwe odziwikiratu imachitika chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwamadzi ogwirira ntchito, ndikuwongolera njira zogwirira ntchito komanso kuwongolera kuyenda kwamadzi ogwirira ntchito mothandizidwa ndi mavavu kumachitika ndi gawo lowongolera zamagetsi. Panthawi yogwira ntchito, wotsirizirayo amalandira chidziwitso chofunikira kuchokera ku masensa omwe amawerenga malamulo a dalaivala, kuthamanga kwa galimoto yamakono, ntchito ya injini, komanso kutentha ndi kupanikizika kwa madzi ogwira ntchito. Mitundu ndi mfundo ya magwiridwe antchito a masensa ophatikizira odziwikiratu Cholinga chachikulu cha makina owongolera kufala amatha kutchedwa kutsimikiza kwa mphindi yoyenera pomwe kusintha kwa zida kuyenera kuchitika. Kuti tichite izi, magawo ambiri ayenera kuganiziridwa. Zopanga zamakono zili ndi pulogalamu yowongolera yomwe imakupatsani mwayi wosankha njira yoyenera kutengera momwe amagwirira ntchito komanso momwe galimoto ikuyendetsera, yotsimikizika ...
Makina oyendetsa magudumu onse a 4Matic
Kusamalira magalimoto ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe chitetezo chamsewu chimadalira. Magalimoto ambiri amakono amakhala ndi ma transmission omwe amatumiza torque ku mawilo amodzi (kutsogolo kapena kumbuyo). Koma mphamvu yayikulu ya ma powertrains ena ikukakamiza opanga ma automaker kuti apange zosintha zonse. Mukasamutsa torque kuchokera pa injini yopangira zinthu kupita ku ekisi imodzi, mawilo oyendetsa amatha kuterera. Kuti mukhazikitse galimoto pamsewu ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yodalirika komanso yotetezeka mumayendedwe amasewera, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kugawa kwa torque kumawilo onse. Izi zimapangitsa kuti magalimoto azikhala okhazikika komanso okhazikika pamisewu yosakhazikika, monga ayezi, matope kapena mchenga. Ngati mugawa bwino mayendedwe pa gudumu lililonse, galimotoyo sichita mantha ...
Zomwe mungasankhe: loboti kapena chosinthira
CVT ndi loboti ndi ziwiri zatsopano komanso zopatsa chiyembekezo pazantchito zodziwikiratu. Imodzi ndi mtundu wamfuti wamakina, inayo ndi yamakaniko. Ndi chiyani chomwe chili chabwino chosinthira kapena loboti? Tidzafotokozera mofananiza zotumizira zonse, kudziwa zabwino ndi zovuta zake ndikupanga chisankho choyenera. Zonse za chipangizo cha variator The Variator ndi mtundu wamagetsi odziwikiratu. Amapangidwa kuti asamutse torque kuchokera ku injini kupita ku mawilo ndikusintha mopanda malire chiŵerengero cha magiya mumtundu wokhazikika. Nthawi zambiri mu zolembedwa luso galimoto mungapeze chidule CVT monga dzina la gearbox. Izi ndiye zosinthika, zotanthauziridwa kuchokera ku Chingerezi - "nthawi zonse variable transmission ratio" (Continuously Variable Transmission). Ntchito yayikulu ya chosinthira ndikuwonetsetsa kusintha kosalala kwa torque kuchokera ku injini, ...
Chipangizo ndi mfundo ntchito ya zowalamulira zowalamulira
Mbali yofunika ya galimoto okonzeka ndi kufala Buku ndi zowalamulira. Amakhala mwachindunji za clutch (dengu) zowalamulira ndi galimoto. Tiyeni tikhazikike mwatsatanetsatane pa chinthu monga clutch actuator, chomwe chimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pagulu lonse la clutch. Ndi pamene malfunctions kuti clutch amataya magwiridwe ake. Tidzasanthula chipangizo choyendetsa, mitundu yake, komanso ubwino ndi kuipa kwa chilichonse. Clutch drive ndi mitundu yake Dalaivala idapangidwa kuti iziwongolera kutali ndi clutch mwachindunji ndi dalaivala kuchokera kumalo okwera. Kutsitsa kwa clutch pedal kumachita mwachindunji pa mbale yokakamiza. Mitundu yotsatirayi yoyendetsa imadziwika: makina; hydraulic; electrohydraulic; pneumohydraulic. Mitundu iwiri yoyambirira ndiyo yofala kwambiri. Magalimoto ndi mabasi amagwiritsa ntchito pneumatic-hydraulic drive. Electrohydraulic imayikidwa m'makina omwe ali ndi gearbox ya robotic. M'magalimoto ena, kuwongolera ...
Kapangidwe ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka zowalamulira zama mbale angapo
Pofotokoza zaukadaulo wa ma SUV ambiri ndi magalimoto ena omwe ali ndi zosintha zosiyanasiyana zamagalimoto oyendetsa magudumu, lingaliro la multiplate clutch nthawi zambiri limapezeka. Izi zokangana ndi gawo la zomwe zimatchedwa plug-in all-wheel drive. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa chinthu ichi kumalola, ngati kuli kofunikira, kupanga nkhwangwa yosagwira kukhala yotsogolera. Kumanga uku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, mwachitsanzo, mu xDrive system, yomwe ikufotokozedwa m'nkhani ina. Kuphatikiza pa magalimoto, zingwe zamitundu yambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pazida zosiyanasiyana zamakina momwe mphamvu imatengedwa pakati pa njira ziwiri zosiyana. Chipangizochi chimayikidwa ngati chinthu chosinthira, kuwongolera ndi kulumikiza ma drive amitundu iwiri. Ganizirani mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito chipangizochi, mitundu yake ndi yotani, komanso ubwino ndi kuipa kwawo. Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito clutch Multi-plate friction clutches ndi zida zomwe ...