Mfuti zodziyendetsa zokha za ku Italy za Nkhondo Yadziko II
Zida zankhondo

Mfuti zodziyendetsa zokha za ku Italy za Nkhondo Yadziko II

Mfuti zodziyendetsa zokha za ku Italy za Nkhondo Yadziko II

Mfuti zodziyendetsa zokha za ku Italy za Nkhondo Yadziko II

M'zaka za m'ma 30 ndi 40, makampani aku Italy, kupatulapo osowa, adapanga akasinja osakhala apamwamba kwambiri komanso opanda malire. Komabe, nthawi yomweyo, opanga ku Italy adakwanitsa kupanga mapangidwe angapo opambana kwambiri a ACS pa chassis yawo, zomwe zidzakambidwe m'nkhaniyi.

Panali zifukwa zingapo zochitira zimenezi. Chimodzi mwa izo chinali chiphuphu chakumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 30, pamene FIAT ndi Ansaldo adalandira ufulu wopereka magalimoto ankhondo kwa asilikali a ku Italy, momwe akuluakulu akuluakulu (kuphatikizapo Marshal Hugo Cavaliero) nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi magawo awo. Zachidziwikire, panali zovuta zambiri, kuphatikiza kubwerera m'mbuyo kwa nthambi zina zamakampani aku Italiya, ndipo pamapeto pake, zovuta pakukhazikitsa njira yolumikizana yopititsa patsogolo magulu ankhondo.

Pachifukwa ichi, asilikali a ku Italy adatsalira kwambiri kwa atsogoleri a dziko lapansi, ndipo zochitikazo zinakhazikitsidwa ndi British, French ndi America, ndipo kuyambira cha m'ma 1935 ndi Ajeremani ndi Soviets. Anthu aku Italiya adapanga tanki yopepuka ya FIAT 3000 m'masiku oyambilira a zida zankhondo, koma zomwe adachita pambuyo pake zidapatuka kwambiri pamlingo uwu. Pambuyo pake, chitsanzocho, mogwirizana ndi chitsanzo chomwe chinaperekedwa ndi kampani ya British Vickers, chinadziwika mu gulu lankhondo la Italy ndi tankettes CV.33 ndi CV.35 (Carro Veloce, thanki yofulumira), ndipo patapita nthawi, L6 / 40. thanki lowala, lomwe silinachite bwino kwambiri ndipo lidachedwa zaka zingapo (kutumizidwa ku 1940).

Magulu ankhondo aku Italiya, omwe adapangidwa kuyambira 1938, adayenera kulandira zida zankhondo (monga gawo la gulu lankhondo) zomwe zimatha kuthandizira akasinja ndi oyenda pamagalimoto, zomwe zimafunikiranso kuyendetsa galimoto. Komabe, asilikali a ku Italy akhala akutsatira kwambiri ntchito zomwe zakhala zikuchitika kuyambira m'ma 20 poyambitsa zida zankhondo zokhala ndi malo okwera komanso kukana moto wa adani, wokhoza kuyambitsa nkhondo pamodzi ndi akasinja. Motero kunabadwa lingaliro la mfuti zodziwombera zokha kwa gulu lankhondo la Italy. Tiyeni tibwerere mmbuyo pang'ono ndikusintha malo...

Mfuti zodzipangira okha nkhondo isanayambe

Magwero a mfuti zodzipangira okha amayambira nthawi yomwe akasinja oyamba adalowa m'bwalo lankhondo. Mu 1916, ku Great Britain, makina adapangidwa ku Great Britain, adatcha Gun Carrier Mark I, ndipo m'chilimwe cha chaka chotsatira adapangidwa poyankha kusowa kwa zida zokokedwa, zomwe sizimatha ngakhale kupitiliza pang'onopang'ono koyamba. -mfuti zoyenda. kuyenda kwa akasinja pa malo ovuta. Kapangidwe kake kanatengera makina osinthidwa kwambiri a Mark I. Anali ndi chida cholemera mamilimita 60 kapena mainchesi 127 ndi masenti 6 (26 mm). Ma cranes 152 adalamulidwa, awiri mwa iwo anali ndi zida zam'manja. Mfuti zoyambirira zodzipangira zokha zidayamba kumenya nkhondo pa Nkhondo Yachitatu ya Ypres (Julayi-Oktoba 50), koma sizinapambane. Anaonedwa kuti sanapambane ndipo mwamsanga anasandulika kukhala onyamula zida zonyamula zida. Komabe, mbiri ya zida zodzipangira okha imayamba ndi iwo.

Nkhondo Yaikulu itatha, nyumba zosiyanasiyana zinasefukira. Kugawidwa kwa mfuti zodzipangira okha m'magulu osiyanasiyana kunapangidwa pang'onopang'ono, zomwe, ndi kusintha kwina, zakhalapo mpaka lero. Zodziwika kwambiri zinali mfuti zakumunda zodzipangira zokha (mifuti, ma howwitzers, gun-howitzers) ndi matope. Mfuti zodziyendetsa zokha zolimbana ndi akasinja zidadziwika kuti owononga akasinja. Pofuna kuteteza mizati ya zida zankhondo, zamakina ndi magalimoto kuti asawukidwe ndi ndege, zida zodziyendetsa zokha (monga Mark I wa 1924, wokhala ndi mfuti ya 76,2-mm 3-pounder) zidayamba kumangidwa. Mu theka lachiwiri la zaka za m'ma 30, ku Germany kunapangidwa ma prototypes oyambirira a mfuti (Sturmeschütz, StuG III), zomwe kwenikweni zinali m'malo mwa akasinja oyendetsa makanda omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwina kulikonse, koma mumtundu wa turretless. M'malo mwake, akasinja operekera ku Britain ndi United States, ndi akasinja ankhondo ku USSR, anali otsutsana ndi lingaliro ili, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zida zokulirapo kuposa milingo ya tanki yamtunduwu ndikuwonetsetsa kuwonongedwa kwa mdani. mipanda ndi mfundo zotsutsa.

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