Kuchuluka kwa misa ndi kuchuluka kwamadzimadzi kumatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa mafuta a injini. Pamodzi ndi mamasukidwe akayendedwe, chizindikirocho chimadalira mwachindunji kutentha, chimakhudza magwiridwe antchito a injini ndipo chimapereka mphamvu yolengezedwa panthawi yotumizira ma hydraulic. Mafuta agalimoto osawoneka bwino amakhala ndi zowonjezera zoyipa, ndipo mafuta amagalimoto ogwiritsidwa ntchito amakhala ndi zonyansa zomwe zimawonjezera kachulukidwe magawo. Tikuwuzeni momwe mafuta opangira okwera komanso otsika amakhudzira magwiridwe antchito a piston kapena injini zamagalimoto zama rotary. Mafuta Apamwamba Akuluakulu Kachulukidwe ka mafuta agalimoto amasiyanasiyana pakati pa 0,68 ndi 0,95 kg/l. Mafuta odzola okhala ndi chizindikiro choposa 0,95 kg / l amawerengedwa ngati osalimba kwambiri. Mafutawa amachepetsa kupsinjika kwamakina pama hydraulic transmission popanda kutayika kwa magwiridwe antchito. Komabe, chifukwa chakuchulukirachulukirako, mafutawo samalowa m'malo ovuta kufika a ma silinda a pistoni. Chifukwa chake, katundu pa ...

Mafuta osiyanasiyana omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale amagetsi ndi ochuluka kwambiri, koma onsewa amadziwika ndi kuyeretsedwa kwakukulu ndipo amapangidwa kuchokera ku mafuta a sulfure otsika. Zina mwazofala kwambiri ndi mafuta a thiransifoma GK (chizindikirocho chimayimira: G - chisonyezero cha njira yoyeretsera: hydrocracking, K - kukhalapo kwa mankhwala a asidi muzolemba). Zolemba ndi katundu wa GK grade transformer mafuta amatsimikiziridwa ndi GOST 982-80. Miyezo iyi imatanthawuza: Kuchita bwino kwamagetsi kwamagetsi, kuphatikiza pa kutentha kokwera. Kukhalapo kwa antioxidant zowonjezera (ionol), kupatula dzimbiri pansi pa voteji. Kusowa kwa alkalis osungunuka m'madzi ndi zonyansa zamakina. Kukhazikika kwa zizindikiro za viscosity mumtundu wina wa kutentha. Zochepa zomwe zili ndi ayoni a asidi aulere. Miyezo yakuthupi ndi yamankhwala pazamankhwala omwe akufotokozedwayo ndi awa: Kachulukidwe, kg/m3, kutentha kwachipinda —…

Chodabwitsa, koma chowona: m'zaka za kupezeka kwa chidziwitso, oyendetsa galimoto ambiri samadziwa kuti ndikofunikira kusinthira madzimadzi nthawi ndi nthawi. Komanso, kuzindikira sikubwera ngakhale mwadzidzidzi pedal pansi pa phazi lamanja akulephera, ndiyeno, patapita mphindi, amadzuka kachiwiri - ndi ntchito dongosolo kubwezeretsedwa. Chilichonse chimalembedwa ngati "system glitch" kapena zina zotero. Za kangati mukufunika kusintha madzimadzi m'galimoto ndi chifukwa chake ichi ndi chinthu chofunikira chokonzekera - werengani nkhaniyi. Bwanji musinthe brake fluid? Tiyeni tiyambe ndi zoyambira. Brake fluid imagwira ntchito ngati chopatsira mphamvu kuchokera ku master brake cylinder (GTE) kupita kwa ogwira ntchito. Dalaivala akukankhira pedal, GTE (pistoni yosavuta kwambiri m'nyumba yokhala ndi valve) imatumiza kuthamanga kwamadzi kudzera ...

Kulumikizana kwa liwiro kosalekeza (kapena kuphatikizika kwa CV mwachidule) kumakhudzidwa ndi kutumiza kwa torque kuchokera ku gearbox kupita ku gudumu loyendetsa. Ndiko kuti, node iyi ndi priori yodzaza kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, zolumikizira za CV zimafunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta apadera omwe angapereke chitetezo chodalirika pamagawo omwe akugwira ntchito atalemedwa kwambiri. Za mtundu wanji wamafuta omwe uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pamalumikizidwe a CV ndipo tikambirana pansipa. Mfundo yosankha mafuta olowa m'malo olumikizirana CV Mafuta ophatikizira othamanga nthawi zonse amasankhidwa molingana ndi mfundo yosavuta: kutengera mtundu wa msonkhano womwe umapereka kufalitsa kozungulira pamakona. Magulu onse a CV amagawidwa m'magulu awiri: mtundu wa mpira; maulendo atatu. Komanso, mahinji amtundu wa mpira amatha kukhala ndi mitundu iwiri: ndi kuthekera kwa kayendedwe ka axial komanso popanda kuthekera kotere. ...

Zotchingira zoteteza ku tizirombo totengera ma macromolecular compounds zikuchulukirachulukira pakati pa oyendetsa galimoto. Mpaka posachedwa, pakuyika nyimbo zotere pamwamba, kunali koyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zochokera kunja kokha. Koma posachedwapa, wapakhomo wawonekera pamsika wa mbiri, kuchokera ku kampani ya Rubber Paint, ndi dzina lochititsa chidwi "Hammer". Mawonekedwe ake ndi katundu Utoto wa mphira umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo osiyanasiyana ndipo ungagwiritsidwe ntchito pamitengo, zitsulo, konkire, fiberglass ndi pulasitiki. Utoto umapezeka mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ndipo ungagwiritsidwe ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana - ndi burashi, roller kapena spray (njira yoyamba yokhayo imagwiritsidwa ntchito pojambula magalimoto). Monga nyimbo zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana ndi polyurethane - zokutira zotchuka kwambiri ndi Titaniyamu, Bronekor ndi Raptor - utoto womwe ukufunsidwa umapangidwa pamaziko a polyurethane.

Ndi chitukuko chaukadaulo, kupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu zochokera pa silicone kwakhala kotsika mtengo komanso kotsika mtengo. Chifukwa cha katundu wake, silikoni yapeza ntchito m'munda wa chemistry yamagalimoto. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe mafuta a silicone ndi osindikizira mphira, komanso tipeze zomwe zili bwino kugula pachifukwa ichi. Mapangidwe ndi mfundo ya ntchito Silicones ndi organosilicon mankhwala okhala ndi mpweya. Kutengera ndi mtundu wa organic gulu, zinthu izi zimakhala ndi katundu wosiyanasiyana. Mapangidwe a mafuta a silicone osindikizira mphira nthawi zambiri amaphatikizapo chimodzi mwa zinthu zitatu (kapena zingapo): madzi a silicone (mafuta), elastomers kapena resins. Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito silicone smear ndiyosavuta. Mukapaka, mafuta opaka bwino amaphimba pamwamba kuti ayeretsedwe. Samazizira...

Pakati pa mitundu yamafuta amagetsi opangidwa ku Russia ndi mayiko a CIS, mafuta amtundu wa Tad-17 mwina ndiwokwera kwambiri. Mafutawa amaonedwa kuti ndiapadziko lonse lapansi, amateteza mbali zotsutsana za shafts ndi magiya amakina bwino, ndipo ali ndi antioxidant katundu. Kupanga ndi chizindikiro Kufala mafuta Tad-17, opangidwa mogwirizana ndi zofunikira luso GOST 23652-79 (komanso analogue wake wapafupi - Tad-17i mafuta), anafuna kuti ntchito m'galimoto zoweta anthu. Oyenera kutumiza pamanja (makamaka hypoid), ma axles oyendetsa, machitidwe ena owongolera magalimoto onyamula okhala ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba akumbuyo. Malinga ndi gulu la mayiko, ndi GL-5 class mafuta. Simagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza magalimoto ndi zida zapadera zolemetsa, chifukwa zimakhala ndi kukhuthala koyambirira, zomwe zimawonjezera kuyendetsa galimoto (zikakhala zotere, zambiri ...

Chizindikiro ngati kachulukidwe ka antifreeze ndichofunika kwambiri pakuwunika momwe zoziziritsira zamakono zilili. Kuchulukana kumawonetsa kuchuluka kwa ethylene glycol (propylene glycol) ndi madzi. Ndipo ichi ndi chizindikiro chachikulu cha kuthekera kwa antifreeze kupirira kutentha kochepa. Kachulukidwe wa antifreezes Pafupifupi mankhwala onse amakono oletsa kuzizira amachokera ku mowa (umodzi mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya glycol) ndi madzi osungunuka. Chiŵerengero cha glycol ndi madzi chimatsimikizira kukana kwa kutentha kochepa. Pali chododometsa apa chomwe chili chofunikira kumvetsetsa. Kwa ethylene glycol antifreezes, lamulo siligwira ntchito: kukweza kwa glycol, chisanu chosakanizacho chikhoza kupirira. Ethylene glycol yoyera imakhala ndi kuzizira kwa -13 ° C basi. Ndipo kuzizira kotereku kwa koziziritsira kumatheka mwa kusakaniza ndi madzi. Kufikira kuchuluka kwa glycol mu…

Patsamba lotsitsa la Google mukalowa mawu oti "antifreeze", mawu oti "Felix antifreeze" ali pamalo achiwiri olemekezeka. Izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa wopanga zoziziritsa kukhosi izi, kampani ya Nizhny Novgorod Tosol-Sintez, mwa zina, ili ndi thandizo la boma. Zambiri za Felix antifreezes Mbali ya nyimbo zomwe zikukambidwa ndizosiyanasiyana zomwe zimaperekedwa. Popanga mitundu ingapo yazinthu izi, Tosol-sintez imamanga mwamphamvu wogwiritsa ntchito pakufunika kogula zinthu zawo. Ma antifreeze onse a Felix ndi amchere, ndipo maziko awo ogwira ntchito ndi monoethylene glycol. Malinga ndi gulu lomwe lidapangidwa ndi Volkswagen nkhawa, zogulitsa ndi zamagulu G11 ndi G12. Maguluwa amadziwika ndi kukhazikika kwapangidwe ...

Mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zoziziritsa kukhosi, malo apadera ndi a Tosol 65, ndipo, makamaka, mitundu yake ya Tosol A-65M. Kalata yowonjezera pamatchulidwe azinthu imalumikizidwa ndi kufunikira kogwiritsa ntchito chisanu, makamaka kutentha kozungulira. Makhalidwe Ozizira omwe akufunsidwa adapangidwa ndi ogwira ntchito ku dipatimenti ya Organic Synthesis Technology ya imodzi mwa mabungwe ofufuza aku Soviet pokhudzana ndi zitsanzo zamagalimoto a VAZ, zomwe zidapangidwa panthawiyo. Mapeto -ol adawonjezedwa ku zilembo zitatu zoyambirira za dzinalo, zomwe zimayimira kutanthauzira kwazinthu zambiri zamamolekyu apamwamba. Nambala 65 pakujambula kwa mtunduwo ikuwonetsa kuzizira kocheperako. Chifukwa chake, pafupifupi theka lazaka zapitazo, kupanga banja la zoziziritsa kukhosi zomwe zili ndi mayina ofanana (OJ Tosol, Tosol A-40, etc.) zidayamba, zopangidwira kuti zizigwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyumba ...

Matayala agalimoto, omwe amagulidwa m'malo ogulitsa magalimoto apadera, amakhala ndi mtundu wakuda wolemekezeka, kutsindika zachilendo komanso mwatsopano. Komabe, m'kupita kwa nthawi, mtundu wa matayala a galimoto umasintha, kupeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya imvi. Njira yosavuta yofotokozera izi ndi kukalamba pang'onopang'ono kwa labala. Kodi kukalamba kwa matayala ndi chiyani? Kusintha kwamtundu kumangochitika chifukwa cha zinthu zogwirira ntchito - kusintha kwadzidzidzi kutentha, kukangana, kupsinjika - komanso ndi okosijeni. Ngakhale mphira "wopanda kukwera" umawala pang'onopang'ono, chifukwa pakugwira ntchito nthawi zonse imakhala ndi okosijeni. Zotsatira zake, brittle oxide wosanjikiza wa mphamvu yowonjezera imapangidwa pamwamba pa tayala. Palibe phindu kuchokera ku wosanjikiza wotero, chifukwa nthawi imodzi ndi mphamvu imapeza brittleness yowonjezera, chifukwa mankhwala a sulfide alipo. Mukuyendetsa misewu yoyipa, pamwamba…

Kodi madzi mu thanki ya gasi ndi owopsa bwanji, amachokera kuti komanso momwe angathanirane nawo? Pansipa tikambirana za njira yosavuta yochotsera chinyezi mu thanki yamafuta - zowumitsa mafuta. Njira zopangira chinyezi mu thanki ya gasi ndi zotsatira za chodabwitsa ichi Pali njira ziwiri zazikulu zolowera madzi mu thanki yamafuta. Normal condensation kuchokera mlengalenga. Nthunzi yamadzi nthawi zonse imakhalapo mumlengalenga kumlingo wina wake. Mukakumana ndi malo olimba (makamaka pa kutentha kochepa), chinyezi chimakhazikika kukhala madontho. Chophimba cha tanki cha gasi chosavuta kwambiri chimakhala ndi dzenje lomwe mpweya wochokera ku chilengedwe umalowamo pamene mulingo wamafuta utsika (kupanikizika kwakukulu kumatulukanso kudzera mu valavu iyi). Izi zimalepheretsa kupanga vacuum. M'mapangidwe apamwamba kwambiri a tanki ya gasi ...

Kuchotsa zinyalala zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku bodywork ndi sitepe yoyamba mu ntchito iliyonse yoyeretsa galimoto. Pankhaniyi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito siponji yachikhalidwe kapena mitt, koma ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wotsuka, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito shampu yapadera yamagalimoto pakutsuka popanda kulumikizana. Mapangidwe a shampoo yamagalimoto yotsuka osalumikizana ndi ma surfactants, opangira zinthu zovuta, opangira thovu, zowongolera acidity, obalalitsa, ma pH owongolera, odinizer, ndi zina zingapo. Koma si ma shampoos onse omwe amagwira ntchito mofananamo. Mulingo wa shamposi zamagalimoto zabwino kwambiri zotsuka popanda kulumikizana zidapangidwira gawo la msika mu 2018. Shampoo ya Bilt Hamber Surfex HD moyenerera imatenga malo oyamba pamlingo chifukwa cha kuthekera kwake kochotsa mafuta. Monga kukhazikitsidwa ndi maphunziro ambiri, mukamayendetsa galimoto m'misewu yamzindawu ...

Pakati mafuta onse kufala Buku ndi zigawo zina kufala mafuta 80W90 mwina mtsogoleri kutchuka. Izi ndi ngati tiganizira dera lapakati la Russia. Pansipa tiwona mawonekedwe ndi kuchuluka kwamafuta amagetsi okhala ndi mamasukidwe a 80W90. Kufotokozera 80W90 gear mafuta Tiyeni tikambirane mwachidule makhalidwe akuluakulu omwe magiya mafuta ndi mamasukidwe akayendedwe a 80W90. Muyezo wa SAE J300 umanena izi. Kuthira kusanatayike mafuta ndi zoteteza katundu ndi -26 ° C. Kuzizira pansi pa kutenthaku, kukhuthala kwamafuta kumadutsa malire ovomerezeka a 150000 csp omwe amavomerezedwa ndi akatswiri a SAE. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti mafutawo adzasanduka ayezi. Koma mosasinthasintha, adzakhala ngati uchi wokhuthala. Ndipo chotero…

Fungo la mpweya wotulutsa mpweya m'chipinda chokwera anthu kapena phokoso losasangalatsa, "lodula" la utsi wophulika umasonyeza kusweka kwa thirakiti la utsi. Njira imodzi yofulumira komanso yotsika mtengo yothetsera vutoli ndi muffler sealant. Za zomwe zisindikizo zamakina otulutsa mpweya ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito - werengani pansipa. Kodi muffler sealant imagwira ntchito bwanji ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito pati? Zosindikizira zotulutsa magalimoto nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa "simenti". Komanso, mawu akuti "simenti" amatchulidwa osati oyendetsa galimoto monga slang. Ena opanga makina osindikizira a muffler amagwiritsa ntchito mawuwa pakupanga kwawo, osati chifukwa cha malonda. Kufanana kwa zosindikizira ndi simenti kuli ndi tanthauzo lenileni, logwiritsidwa ntchito, ndi mankhwala. Pafupifupi zosindikizira zamagalimoto ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma polima.…

Oyendetsa galimoto ena akasintha kapena kuwonjezera zoziziritsa kukhosi, amagwiritsa ntchito antifreeze yomwe yapangidwa kale. Eni magalimoto ena amakonda kuyang'ana kwambiri. Tiyeni tiyese kupeza chomwe chiri bwino: antifreeze kapena antifreeze concentrate. Kodi antifreeze concentrate imakhala ndi chiyani ndipo imasiyana bwanji ndi zomwe zamalizidwa? Antifreeze yokonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito imakhala ndi zigawo zinayi zazikulu: ethylene glycol; madzi osungunuka; phukusi zowonjezera; dye. The maganizo akusowa chimodzi chokha cha zigawo zikuluzikulu: madzi osungunuka. Zigawo zotsala muzolemba zonse zili m'mitundu yambiri ya zoziziritsa kukhosi. Nthawi zina opanga, kuti achepetse ndikupewa mafunso osafunika, amangolemba "Glycol" kapena "Ethandiol" pamapaketi, omwe, kwenikweni, ndi dzina lina la ethylene glycol. Zowonjezera ndi utoto nthawi zambiri sizimatchulidwa. Komabe, zida zonse zowonjezera ndi utoto wambiri ...