Magalimoto
Engine piston - ndi chiyani ndipo ndi chiyani
Ma injini amakono oyaka mkati ndi ovuta kupanga poyerekeza ndi anzawo omwe adapangidwa m'masiku oyambilira amakampani opanga magalimoto. Izi ndichifukwa choti opanga amayika zida zowonjezera zamagetsi pagawo lamagetsi kuti atsimikizire kukhazikika, chuma ndi magwiridwe antchito. Ngakhale kuti machitidwe amagetsi ndi ochenjera, mapangidwe a injini yoyaka mkati sanasinthe kwambiri. Mfundo zazikuluzikulu za unit ndi: Crank mechanism; gulu la cylinder piston; kudya ndi kutulutsa zambiri; Njira yogawa gasi; Makina opangira mafuta. Njira monga crank ndi kugawa gasi ziyenera kulumikizidwa. Izi zimatheka kudzera pagalimoto. Itha kukhala lamba kapena unyolo. Node iliyonse ya injini imagwira ntchito yofunika, popanda kugwira ntchito kokhazikika (kapena ngakhale kugwira ntchito) kwa mphamvu yamagetsi sikutheka. Ganizirani zomwe pistoni imagwira ntchito mu injini, komanso kapangidwe kake. Kodi piston ya injini ndi chiyani? Izi…
Kodi odometer ndi chiyani?
Kodi padakali mtunda wautali? Funso limeneli nthawi zambiri limabwera kuchokera kwa dalaivala pamene akuyendetsa galimoto kumalo osadziwika. Zimakhala zovuta kudziwa nthawi yeniyeni yoyendetsa galimotoyi - sizidziwika kuti msewu uli wotani komanso ngati pali magalimoto ambiri. Koma mtunda wotsalawo ungadziwike. Pachifukwa ichi, odometer imayikidwa m'galimoto. Kodi chipangizochi ndi chiyani? Kodi imalemba bwanji mtunda womwe wayenda komanso chiopsezo cha kuwonongeka kwake ndi chiyani? Tiyeni tikambirane mafunso amenewa ndi ena mwadongosolo. Kodi odometer ndi chiyani? Odometer ndi mita yomwe imayesa mtunda womwe galimoto yayenda. Imayikidwa mu dashboard mu dipatimenti ya speedometer (zenera pamlingo wake kuti muwone bwino). Chipangizo chomwe chili pagawo chikuwoneka ngati zenera lomwe lili ndi manambala. Mu classic…
- Magalimoto, Kukonza magalimoto, Malangizo kwa oyendetsa, nkhani, Chipangizo chagalimoto, Kugwiritsa ntchito makina
Kodi ma hubs ndi chiyani?
Malo opangira magalimoto ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la chassis. Pa ntchito, amatenga katundu wolemera, komanso amapereka kugwirizana odalirika gudumu ndi kuyimitsidwa ndi ananyema mbali. Tiyeni tiwone mwatsatanetsatane zomwe ma hubs ali, zida zawo ndi zovuta. Kodi hub A hub ndi mfundo yomwe imagwirizanitsa gawo lonyamula ndi kuyimitsidwa, kwa kuzungulira kwaulere kwa gudumu. Mfundo ya ntchito ikuchitika ndi kunyamula odzigudubuza kuti amalola gudumu ndi ananyema chimbale kuti azungulire. Chifukwa cha kunyamula, gudumu limatha kuzungulira. Kutengera kusinthidwa, likulu limatha kuphatikizidwa ndi brake disc ndi ng'oma. Komanso, likulu lingaphatikizepo sensor ya ABS, ma wheel studs, zisa za ABS. Zosintha zosavuta za hub zimapangidwa mosiyana ndi kunyamula. Chifukwa chiyani…
Ma injini a GDI: zabwino ndi zoyipa zama injini a GDI
Pofuna kukonza magwiridwe antchito amagetsi, opanga apanga njira zatsopano zojambulira mafuta. Chimodzi mwazinthu zatsopano kwambiri ndi jakisoni wa gdi. Ndi chiyani, ubwino wake ndi chiyani ndipo pali zovuta zilizonse? Kodi jekeseni wa GDI pagalimoto ndi chiyani Chidulechi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi injini zamakampani ena, mwachitsanzo, KIA kapena Mitsubishi. Kwa mitundu ina, makinawa amatchedwa 4D (magalimoto aku Japan a Toyota), Ford Ecoboost yodziwika bwino komanso yotsika kwambiri, FSI - kwa oimira vuto la WAG. Galimoto, pa injini yomwe imodzi mwa zilembozi idzayime, imakhala ndi jekeseni wolunjika. Ukadaulo uwu umapezeka ku mayunitsi a petulo, chifukwa injini ya dizilo imakhala ndi mafuta okhazikika pamasilinda mwachisawawa. Apo ayi, sizingagwire ntchito. Injini yojambulira mwachindunji...
Flywheel: ngakhale ntchito yodalirika ya injini
Injini yoyatsira mkati imakhalabe yoyendetsa bwino kwambiri pamagalimoto masiku ano. Ndi chipangizochi, mutha kuyenda mtunda uliwonse ndikusangalala ndi ulendowu osataya nthawi yambiri mukuwonjezera mafuta pa tanki yamafuta. Komabe, kuti muyambitse injini ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ikuyenda bwino, iyenera kukhala ndi gawo lapadera. Ichi ndi ntchentche. Ganizirani chifukwa chake ndikofunikira mu injini, ndi mitundu yanji ya ma flywheels omwe alipo, komanso momwe angagwiritsire ntchito moyenera kuti asalephere pasadakhale. Kodi flywheel ya injini yagalimoto ndi chiyani? Mwachidule, injini ya flywheel ndi disk yokhala ndi mphete. Imakhazikika kumapeto kwa crankshaft. Gawo ili likugwirizana injini ndi kufala kwa galimoto. Kuti torque iperekedwe bwino ku liwiro lofananira la gearbox, pakati pa makina ...
Kodi cholinga ndi chiyani. Tiyeni tlekanitse chingwe chakutsogolo m'galimoto
Kuyimitsidwa m'galimoto kumafunika osati kuwonjezera chitonthozo pamene mukuyendetsa galimoto, komanso kusunga mbali zofunika ndi misonkhano yomwe ingawonongeke mwamsanga ndi kugwedezeka kosalekeza. Kuyimitsidwa kwagalimoto kumatengera ndikutsitsa mabampu onse pamsewu. Komabe, kuti kugwedezeka kuphatikizidwe pang'ono m'thupi, ma dampers amafunikira. Pachifukwa ichi, chipangizo cha makina chimapereka kukhalapo kwa mayendedwe oponderezedwa. Tiwona chifukwa chake akufunika, momwe angadziwire kuti ndi olakwika, komanso momwe angawalowetse m'malo. Kodi chothandizira ndi chiyani Gawo ili limatanthawuza chinthu chomwe chimayikidwa pamwamba pa chotsitsa chododometsa. Ndodo imamangiriridwa pabowo lapakati, ndipo kasupe amatsamira mbale yoyikidwa m'mbale. Gawo ili lili ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wokhala ndi chinthu chonyowa chomwe chimapereka zowonjezera zowonjezera ...
Ma ceramic pads: zabwino ndi zoyipa, ndemanga
Kuyambira kupangidwa kwa magalimoto odziyendetsa okha, pakhala kofunika kupanga njira yomwe ingalole dalaivala kuyimitsa galimotoyo panthawi yake. M'mayendedwe amakono, izi sizilinso makina, koma dongosolo lonse lopangidwa ndi zinthu zambiri zosiyana zomwe zimapereka kuchepetsa mofulumira kwambiri pa liwiro la galimoto kapena njinga yamoto. Chitetezo chogwira ntchito komanso chopanda pake chimaphatikizapo zigawo zambiri, kuphatikizapo brake. Chipangizo chawo chimaphatikizapo mzere womwe ma brake fluid amayenda, ma silinda ophwanyika (mbuye wa silinda imodzi yokhala ndi vacuum booster ndi imodzi pa gudumu lililonse), disk (m'magalimoto a bajeti, ng'oma ya ng'oma imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo zakumbuyo, zomwe mungathe kuziwerenga. za mwatsatanetsatane mu ndemanga ina), caliper (ngati chimbale mtundu ntchito) ndi ziyangoyango. Galimoto ikatsika pang'onopang'ono (osagwiritsidwa ntchito ...
Chojambulira m'holo: njira yogwirira ntchito, mitundu, momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito
Kuti agwiritse ntchito bwino machitidwe onse agalimoto yamakono, opanga amakonzekeretsa galimotoyo ndi zida zosiyanasiyana zamagetsi zomwe zimakhala ndi zabwino zambiri kuposa zida zamakina. Sensa iliyonse ndiyofunikira kwambiri pakukhazikika kwazinthu zosiyanasiyana zamakina. Ganizirani za sensa ya holo: ndi mitundu yanji yomwe ilipo, zovuta zazikulu, mfundo yoyendetsera ntchito ndi komwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kodi Sensa ya Hall m'galimoto ndi chiyani Sensor ya Hall ndi chipangizo chaching'ono chomwe chili ndi mfundo yamagetsi yamagetsi. Ngakhale magalimoto akale a makampani Soviet magalimoto zilipo masensa - kulamulira ntchito injini mafuta. Ngati chipangizocho chasokonekera, injiniyo imatha kutaya bata. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa makina oyatsira, kugawa magawo pamakina ogawa gasi, ndi zina. Kuti mumvetsetse zomwe zolakwika zimakhudzana ndi kulephera kwa sensor, ...
Kodi mphamvu za akavalo ndi chiyani ndipo zimawerengedwa bwanji?
Mphamvu ya injini zoyaka mkati zimatanthauzidwa ndi mawu akuti "horsepower". Zochunirazi zilipo m'ma metric ndi ma imperial system, koma sizili zofanana ndendende. Nthawi zambiri, chizindikiro cha kilowatt (kW) chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusonyeza chizindikiro ichi, mwachitsanzo, ku Australia. "Horsepower" ndi chiyani? Lingaliro la "mphamvu za akavalo" kwenikweni limafanana ndi mphamvu yosalekeza ya kavalo mmodzi. Gawoli limatanthauzidwa ngati mphamvu yofunikira kukweza kulemera kwa ma kilogalamu 75 mu sekondi imodzi mpaka kutalika kwa mita imodzi. Njira yowerengetsera yotereyi inagwiritsidwa ntchito kumayambiriro kwa kusintha kwa mafakitale, pamene akavalo ankagwiritsidwabe ntchito kutulutsa katundu m'migodi. Imodzi mwa nthano ndi yakuti gawo la mphamvu za akavalo linapangidwa ndi woyambitsa James Watt. Adawonetsa momwe ma injini ake amagwirira ntchito bwino ...
SUV ndi chiyani?
Ambiri, pogula SUV kapena crossover, sangathe kusiyanitsa mawu awiriwa ndipo, monga chomaliza, sangathe kumvetsa cholinga chenicheni cha chitsanzo. Crossover ndi chitsanzo chapadera cha SUV. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa magalimoto awiriwa kumakhala muzochita zamakono ndi zomangamanga, mafuta ogwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso kukula kwa zitsanzozi. Galimoto yopanda msewu, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti galimoto yodutsa dziko, ntchito yaikulu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamsewu uliwonse, makamaka kunja kwa msewu, ndiko kuti, madera omwe ali ndi magalimoto ochuluka kwambiri. Inde, itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito m'misewu ya m'mizinda, koma ubwino wake ndikugwira ntchito mumsewu wovuta kwambiri, monga mchenga, chipale chofewa, minda, ndi zina zotero. Crossover ndi chisakanizo chagalimoto yonyamula anthu ...
Injini yama stroke awiri mgalimoto
Dziko la magalimoto lawona zambiri zomwe zikuchitika mu powertrains. Ena a iwo anazizira mu nthawi chifukwa chakuti mlengi analibe ndalama zopititsira patsogolo chitukuko cha ana ake. Zina zinali zosagwira ntchito, choncho zochitika zoterezi zinalibe tsogolo labwino. Kuphatikiza pa injini yapamwamba ya mzere kapena V, opanga amapanga magalimoto okhala ndi zida zina zamagetsi. Pansi pa hood ya zitsanzo zina, munthu akhoza kuona injini ya Wankel, boxer (kapena boxer), injini ya haidrojeni. Opanga ma automaker ena amatha kugwiritsabe ntchito ma powertrains odabwitsa m'mitundu yawo. Kuphatikiza pa zosintha izi, mbiri imadziwa ma motors angapo opambana omwe sali okhazikika (pali nkhani ina ya ena mwa iwo). Tsopano tiyeni tiyankhule za injini yotere yomwe pafupifupi palibe aliyense wa oyendetsa ...
Kodi GPS Navigator ndi chiyani komanso momwe mungasankhire?
Palibe dalaivala, pokhala pamalo osadziwika, amene angafune kusochera. Kuphatikiza pa kupsinjika kowonjezereka, kuyesa kuyenda panjira yoyenera kaŵirikaŵiri kumayambitsa kugwiritsira ntchito mafuta mopambanitsa. Mosasamala kanthu kuti ndi ulendo watchuthi kapena ulendo wantchito, zinyalala zotere siziyenera kukhala pachikwama cha woyendetsa galimoto. Msewu, makamaka wosadziwika, ukhoza kukonzekera zodabwitsa zosasangalatsa kwa madalaivala ngati maenje akuluakulu, kutembenuka kwakuthwa, kusinthana kovuta ndi kupanikizana kwa magalimoto. Kuti mukhale ndi chidaliro panjanji iliyonse, oyendetsa akulimbikitsidwa kugula GPS navigator. Ganizirani kuti ndi chipangizo chotani, momwe mungasankhire ndikuchikonza molondola. Tidzakambirananso ngati ntchito yake imadalira dziko limene galimotoyo ili. Kodi GPS navigator ndi chiyani? Madalaivala ambiri sawona kufunika kwa navigator, popeza aliyense wamakono ...
Miyendo yolimbitsa: ndi chiyani, malo ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito
Palibe galimoto yamakono yomwe imachoka pamzere wa msonkhano popanda stabilizer. Ichi ndi tsatanetsatane wofunikira womwe ndi wofunikira kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino kuyimitsidwa kwagalimoto. M'mbuyomu, tidakambirana za stabilizer bushings, zovuta zake, komanso kufunikira kwa zinthu izi. Tsopano ganizirani mwatsatanetsatane, womwe umatchedwa stabilizer bar. Werengani ndemanga ina ya momwe mungasinthire bar stabilizer pa VAZ 2108-99. Kodi stabilizer bar ndi chiyani? Kumbukirani mwachidule chifukwa chake stabilizer ikufunika. Galimoto ikamayenda molunjika, thupi lake limafanana ndi msewu. Ikangoyamba kutembenuka, chifukwa cha liwiro, pakati pa mphamvu yokoka ya galimotoyo imasunthira kumbali. Izi zimapangitsa kuti galimotoyo igubuduke. Popeza galimoto imapendekeka, katundu pa mawilo amagawidwa mosagwirizana, matayala amayamba kutaya ...
Lumikizanani ndi zida zoyatsira
Galimoto iliyonse yokhala ndi injini yoyatsira mkati imakhala ndi makina oyatsira pamagetsi. Kuti kusakaniza kwa mafuta a atomu ndi mpweya m'masilinda azitha kuyatsa, kutulutsa koyenera kumafunika. Kutengera kusinthidwa kwa netiweki pa bolodi la galimoto, chiwerengerochi chimafika ma volts 30. Kodi mphamvu yotereyi imachokera kuti ngati batire m'galimoto imapanga ma volts 12 okha? Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimapanga magetsi awa ndi coil yoyatsira. Tsatanetsatane wa momwe zimagwirira ntchito komanso zosintha zomwe zilipo zikufotokozedwa mu ndemanga ina. Tsopano tiyeni tiyang'ane pa mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito imodzi mwa mitundu yoyatsira - kukhudzana (mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya SZ ikufotokozedwa apa). Kodi njira yoyatsira galimoto ndi yotani Magalimoto amakono alandira makina amagetsi amtundu wa batri. Chiwembu chake chili motere...
Kodi chete ndi chiyani ndikusintha liti
Mipiringidzo yopanda phokoso (yomwe imatchedwa "s / b") ndi gawo loyimitsidwa, lomwe ndi zitsulo ziwiri zazitsulo, pakati pake pali choyikapo mphira. Chida chopanda phokoso chimagwirizanitsa zigawo zoyimitsidwa kwa wina ndi mzake, zimachepetsa kugwedezeka pakati pa mfundo. Mabatani opanda phokoso amathandizira kukwera bwino chifukwa cha elasticity ya mphira, yomwe imakhala ngati damper pakati pazigawo zoyimitsidwa. Kodi chipika chopanda phokoso ndi chiyani ndipo cholinga chake Ma block a Silent amagwira ntchito kuti apewe kusinthika kwa kuyimitsidwa ndi ziwalo za thupi. Ndiwo oyamba kulandira kugwedezeka ndi kugwedezeka, pambuyo pake amatsitsidwa ndi ma shock absorbers. Mipiringidzo yopanda phokoso imagawidwanso m'magulu otsatirawa: mapangidwe (ndi chimodzi, zitsamba ziwiri kapena zopanda zitsulo); kapangidwe ka katundu (kuyika zotanuka zolimba kapena ndi mabowo); mtundu wokwera (zitsamba kapena thupi lokhala ndi lugs); kuyenda (kusuntha kwapakatikati ndi "kuyandama"); zinthu (rabala kapena polyurethane). Mwamapangidwe, ma block osalankhula amasiyana pakati ...
Kodi kuyendetsa komaliza ndikutani kwa galimotoyo
Chida chachikulu ndi chiyani Chida chachikulu ndi gawo loyendetsa galimoto, lomwe limatembenuza, kugawa ndikutumiza torque kumawilo oyendetsa. Kutengera kapangidwe kake ndi kuchuluka kwa zida za gulu lalikulu, mawonekedwe omaliza ndi liwiro amatsimikiziridwa. Chifukwa chiyani timafunikira kusiyanitsa, ma satelayiti, ndi magawo ena a gearbox - tikambirana zambiri. Momwe zimagwirira ntchito Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito kusiyana kwake: pamene galimoto ikuyenda, ntchito ya injini imasintha makokedwe omwe amasonkhana pa flywheel, ndipo kupyolera mu clutch kapena torque converter imaperekedwa ku gearbox, kenako kupyolera mu cardan shaft kapena giya ya helical (yoyendetsa kutsogolo), pamapeto pake nthawiyo imatumizidwa kumagulu awiri ndi mawilo. Khalidwe lalikulu la GP (main pair) ndi kuchuluka kwa zida. Lingaliro ili limatanthauza chiŵerengero cha chiwerengero cha mano a giya yayikulu ku shank kapena ...