Kuyesa koyesa Bentley Flying Spur motsutsana ndi Pierce-Arrow Model 54

Pakati pa Bentley Flying Spur W12 ndi Pierce-Arrow Model 54 Club Sedan kwa zaka 86 ndi mwayi waukulu wamatekinoloje. Koma pali china chake chomwe chimawagwirizanitsa

Chodabwitsa, kampani yaku George Pierce yochokera ku Buffalo idayamba ndi zikhola zokongola za mbalame. Ndi kulimba komanso kusasunthika komwe adzawonetse m'zaka zikubwerazi, zitseko za njovu zikhala zoyenera kwa iye. Kampaniyo idapanga njinga, njinga zamoto, magalimoto, mabasi ndi ma trailer, koma idatchuka chifukwa cha magalimoto ake.

Yoyamba idapangidwa mu 1901, ndipo kudalirika kudayikidwa patsogolo pomwepo. Chilichonse chimachitika ndi gawo lalikulu - zotengera za aluminiyamu sizinasindikizidwe, koma kuponyedwa. Mu 1910, injini zinayi zamphamvu 4 zamphamvu pafupifupi malita 12 zidasinthidwa ndikuwonjezeka kwambiri mu mzere "zisanu ndi chimodzi" - 13,5 malita. Mwachilengedwe, a Pierce-Arrow adapirira mayendedwe ovuta kupirira, ndipo mphamvu zawo ndi kudalirika kwa magalimoto oponya mivi posachedwa zidapambana chifundo cha osankhika aku America. Chimodzi mwazotsatsa ziwonetsero monyadira chidawonetsa galimoto ya banja lamakampani opanga mowa (kumbukirani mowa wa Budweiser?) Kwa Adolphus Busch III ndipo adatsimikiza kuti galimotoyo yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi eni ake kwazaka zopitilira zisanu ndi zitatu.

Mu Juni 1919, Purezidenti wa United States a Woodrow Wilson, omwe anali atangobwera kumene kuchokera ku Msonkhano wa Mtendere ku Paris, anali akuyembekezera limousine yatsopano ya Pierce-Arrow. Nthawi yomweyo, Mngelezi Walter Owen Bentley anali atatsala pang'ono kulembetsa kampani yopanga magalimoto yotchedwa dzina lake. Ku London Motor Show, adawonetsa chassis yokhala ndi injini yoseketsa, ndipo ma prototypes adamangidwa m'khola la Baker Street. Wogula woyamba adalandira galimotoyo mu Seputembara 1921. Ndipo nthawi yomweyo adayamika mwayi waukulu wotsatsa watsopano - mota. Mphamvu unit ndi mavavu anayi ndi mapulagi awiri pa yamphamvu anayamba 65 HP, ndi Mabaibulo mphamvu anagona 92 ​​ndiyamphamvu.

Osati zambiri: ngakhale ndi thupi lopepuka komanso chassis yayifupi, ma Bentleys oyamba sanali opepuka. Komabe, injiniyo inali yodalirika ndipo chifukwa cha mtunduwu Bentley 3 Liter idayamba msewu wopambana pothamangitsa magalimoto. Kuphatikiza apo, mabwalo othamanga osowa, osewera ndi ochita masewera - Bentley Boys - yakhazikitsidwa mozungulira mtundu watsopanowu. Mu 1924 anali oyamba ku Le Mans, kenako adapambana kangapo. Ettore Bugatti monyoza adatcha Bentley "galimoto yothamanga kwambiri padziko lapansi", koma "mahatchi ake oyera" adakwaniritsa zotsatira patatha zaka zingapo mtundu waku Britain utasiya mpikisano wamaola 24.

M'modzi mwa a Bentley Boys, Wolf Barnato, wothamanga, wankhonya, wosewera ndi tenesi komanso chiyani, adaganiza zokhala ndi kampani yomwe amamukonda. Mwamwayi, dziko lolowa m'malo mwa ufumu wa diamondi lidaloledwa. Gulu lake lanyumba la Gurney-Nutting lidajambulidwa likuyenda pa Sitima Yapamwamba ya Blue. Barnato adatsutsana ndi kapu ya champagne kuti apeza sitima yapamtunda ndikukhala woyamba kuchoka ku Cannes kupita ku London, ndipo ngakhale panali zovuta zomwe zidamutsata, adapambana. Adali kuyendetsa galimoto yokhala ndi mzere wa 6,5-lita "zisanu ndi chimodzi". Injiniyi idakondedwanso ndi iwo omwe adayitanitsa matupi olemera olemera pa Bassley chassis. Pambuyo pake, panafika chida china champhamvu kwambiri cha malita 8.

Zovala zamagetsi zonyamulidwa ndi otetezera - ndizomwe zimapangitsa kutanthauzira motsimikiza za galimoto ya Pierce-Arrow. Adapangidwa ndi wopanga wachinyamata Herbert Dawley kubwerera ku 1913, koma ngakhale mzaka za m'ma 1930 zimawoneka zopanda pake. Amatsogozedwa ndi malingaliro othandiza - nyali zomwe zinali pamapiko zimapereka kuwunikira bwino kwa mseu ndi kutembenuka, komanso, anali otetezedwa kwambiri pamiyala. Kuunikira kwamagetsi kunali kopepuka kuposa acetylene, chifukwa chake kunalibe mavuto kuyiyika pamapiko, ndipo makulidwe a mapiko a Pierce-Arrow ndi osangalatsa.

Kuwala kowonjezera kunayikidwabe patsogolo pa grill ya radiator. Chifukwa chake mumdima, a Piers anawala ngati mtengo wa Khrisimasi. Ndizotetezeka ndipo sizingachitike kuti aliyense wapa njinga akwere pakati pa magetsi awiri omwe ali pamtunda woyenera wina ndi mnzake. Zoyatsira pamutu pa otetezera zidakhala gawo limodzi la chithunzi cha Pierce-Arrow ndipo zidatetezedwa kuti zisatengeredwe ndi patent yapadera.

Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1920, magalimoto a Pierce-Arrow anali osamala kwambiri ndipo amawononga ndalama zambiri kuposa omwe amapikisana nawo. Zotsatira zake, kampaniyo idayenera kudula mitengo, kenako ndikupita kukalumikizana ndi Studaker wokonda kutchuka.

"Atsogoleriwa akukumana ndi funso lalikulu ngati kampani yopanga magalimoto yokhayokha itha kupikisana kwanthawi yayitali ndi makampani monga General Motors, Studebaker, Kreisler ndi ena, omwe kuchuluka kwawo kwakapangidwe kake, mitundu yawo yazogulitsa ndi gulu lazamalonda kumapereka zosowa kwa makasitomala ndi ndalama mphamvu zopitilira mphamvu ya kampani yopanga zochepa, "magazini ya Za Rulem inagwira mawu owongolera a Pierce-Arrow kwa omwe adzagawana nawo mu 1928.

Kuphatikizana kunali kofanana ndi kupulumutsa Pierce-Arrow ku bankirapuse, koma chifukwa chake, wopanga makina ku Buffalo adalandira ndalama zofunikira ndipo adatha kukulitsa malo ake ogulitsa. "Studebaker" nayenso ali ndi dzina lodziwika bwino. Pogwira ntchito limodzi, injini yatsopano yamkati yamphamvu 8 yamphamvu yamalita 6 ndi mphamvu 125 yamphamvu idapangidwa, momwemonso yomwe ili pansi pa galimoto yochokera pagulu la Kamyshmash, yomwe idatulutsidwa mu 1931. Kupanda kutero, madipatimenti opanga makampani awiriwo adapitilizabe kukhalapo pawokha.

Nthawi zambiri, zikwangwani za Pierce-Arrow zinali ndi amuna ndi akazi ovala bwino omwe anali atangofika kumene kumalo ochitira zisudzo kapena kalabu ya ma yatchi. Nthawi zina, a Pierce-Arrow opaka utoto adakwera kumidzi yaku America, koma kuti angowonetsa kudalirika kwawo. Pali wowayendetsa mu kapu ndi yunifolomu imvi pafupi ndi opatsa moyo osasamala.

Izi sizinthu zokhazokha - kuti athane ndi galimoto yayikuluyo, pamafunika munthu wophunzitsidwa mwapadera. Amadziwa zomwe zigwiriro zomangirira ndi ma levers anali, momwe angagwiritsire ntchito freewheel ndi mawindo angati kuti atsegule m'mbali mwa hood kuti injini yayikulu ipume mosavuta. Kuphatikiza apo, amadziwika ndi thanzi labwino, akuchita ngati chiwongolero chamagetsi, anti-lock braking system komanso othandizira magalimoto. Apa, ngakhale visor yadzuwa idapangidwira munthu mu kapu, apo ayi imakwirira pansi pa driver.

Kuti muyambe kuyendetsa galimoto yayikulu, muyenera kukanikiza mwendo wanu mu batani lozungulira loyambira phazi ndipo nthawi yomweyo finyani kumbuyo kwa sofa. Maline asanu ndi atatu "asanu ndi atatu" okhala pakati amakhala akudzuka ndi chimbudzi, chitsulo chimamveka ndikung'ung'udza pang'ono, koma chimagwira bwino. Pambuyo pake, ma mota, opumira pamakhushoni a labala, apeza ma valve amadzimadzi ndipo amakhala chete. Chingwe chakumbuyo cha Pierce-Arrow chikuwoneka kuti changokhala chete, chonama, komanso chimafuula. Komabe, chifukwa cha msinkhu wake ndimagalimoto opanda phokoso. Makumi awiri sikuti akungobangula, komanso akufuula magiya ndikumenyera ma gearbox opanda ma synchronizers.

Chowongolera chimangotembenuka mosavuta pamene galimoto ikuyenda. M'bwalo la holo ya "Kamyshmash", Pierce-Arrow ali ngati njovu m'sitolo ina, ndipo magalasi owonjezera pazosungira samathandiza kwambiri. Pokhapokha pakati pama axles agalimoto pali 3,5 m, kuphatikiza utali wozungulira waukulu, kuphatikiza mawindo agalasi ndi ziwonetsero zofunikira kuzungulira. Chinthu chachikulu ndikutuluka mumsewu wawukulu wopanda mayendedwe osachepera: pamenepo injini ipanga makokedwe ake a 339 Nm ndikuwonetsa zomwe ingathe. Kuwonetsera kwamphamvu sikutanthauza kuthamanga kwambiri, ngakhale mukuganiza kuti galimoto yolemetsa imatha kupitilira 100 km / h ndi zina zambiri. Chofunikira ndikuti muime munthawi.

Zida zitatu zimatha kusunthidwa ndi cholembera chachitali popanda zovuta, ndipo zoyeserera pamiyendo ikuluikulu ndizovomerezeka, koma kuchokera pakuwona kwa dalaivala, Pierce-Arrow amafanana ndi galimoto, komanso kuchokera pagalimoto - lalikulu ngolo yokhala ndi akasupe ofewa. Chipinda chamtengo wapatali chimakhala kumbuyo konseko kwa thupi. Katundu, shelufu yotseguka imapangidwa kumbuyo, ndipo chifuwa chokhala ndi chivundikiro chopanda madzi chimakhazikika pamenepo. Mkati ndi mipando ndizokwera ndi nsalu zazitali komanso zapamwamba kwambiri zaubweya, poganiza, zimateteza okwera kuzizira. Komabe, palinso chowotcha.

Zoyatsira nyali za Ashtray, zokhala ndi magalasi, zitseko zitseko, mabasiketi amaluwa - zonse zimachitika modabwitsa kwambiri, koma awa ndi malonje omaliza a nthawi yomwe ikutuluka. N'zosadabwitsa kuti thupi linatulutsidwa kale kuposa chisiki - zidachitika. Chaka chilichonse, mizere yamagalimoto a Pierce-Arrow imangokhala ngati zithunzi zotsatsa, pomwe magalimoto amawonetsedwa squat ambiri, koma anali akadali ngolo zakale zachikale.

Kampaniyo idalowa mu Great Depression ikukwera: kugulitsa kwa 1929 kudawirikiza poyerekeza ndi 1928, koma kenako kutsika komwe kumayembekezeka kunayamba. Injini yatsopano ya V12 idawonekera pagalimoto ya Pierce-Arrow pambuyo pake kuposa omwe akupikisana nawo, ndipo kuyesa kupanga galimoto yamtsogolo kwalephera - Pierce Silver Arrow yokhala ndi thupi lofewa idakhala yotsika mtengo kwambiri ndipo idangomangidwa m'makope asanu okha.

Choyipa chachikulu, Studebaker adayamba kukhala ndi mavuto: mu Marichi, kampaniyo idasumira bankirapuse, ndipo patapita kanthawi purezidenti wa kampaniyo, Albert Erskine, adadzipha. Chodabwitsa ndichakuti, a Pierce-Arrow anali ndi malire otetezeka kwambiri, ndipo kampaniyo idapitilizabe kuyenda yokha. Komabe, ngakhale ndalama zaogulitsa ndalama zatsopano kuchokera ku Buffalo, kapena matupi owongoleredwa sizingafanane kale ndi malonda.

Ma 8A okwera mtengo kwambiri, omwe amapezeka ngati golide poyerekeza ndi platinamu, sanapambane. Galimotoyo inamangidwa mofanana kwambiri ndipo mwachilengedwe inali yokwera mtengo kwambiri. Mu 836, kampaniyo idabwereranso ku lingaliro lachitsanzo pakati pamitengo yapakatikati, koma inali itachedwa kwambiri, ndipo mu Meyi chaka chotsatira chiwonetsero chidabwera.

Mu 1931, pomwe Pierce Arrow anali kuchita bwino, Bentley anali kulowa mgulu la ngongole. Kukula kwa injini ya 8-lita kunkafunika ndalama zambiri, ndipo kuyambika kwavuto lazachuma kunamaliza kugonjetsedwa. Wolf Barnato sanathenso kupulumutsa kampaniyo, ndipo mu Novembala idapezedwa ndi Britain central peer trust, yomwe idadzakhala Rolls-Royce.

Mwini watsopanoyu adaimitsa kupanga kwa ma lita 8 a Bentleys, ndikusintha mitundu yatsopanoyo kukhala mitundu yamasewera a Rolls. Popeza idasiya kudziyimira pawokha, mtundu waku Britain udapitilizabe. Pambuyo popita pansi pa phiko la VW Group kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1990, idasiyanitsidwa ndi Rolls-Royce. Kusunga mitundu yosamala ya Arnage ndi Mulsanne, Ajeremani adakhazikitsa mitundu yotsika mtengo kwambiri, kuwapatsa zabwino zonse za VW panthawiyo - nsanja ya mtundu wapamwamba kwambiri wa Phaeton komanso luso lapamwamba kwambiri, ndiye kuti injini ya W12.

Flying Spur sedan sinachite bwino ngati mlongo wake wa Continental GT, koma idagulitsabe makope angapo pagalimoto ya Bentley. Galimotoyi imawerengedwa kuti ndi yapathengo, kuloza mfundo ndi mabatani amitundu yodziwika bwino ya VW Group, koma uku ndikuwoneka kwa munthu yemwe akutuluka mu Polo Sedan. Pambuyo pa tsiku lomwe mwazunguliridwa ndi magalimoto achikale kuchokera pagulu la Kamyshmash, mukuwona china chosiyana.

Chodabwitsa ndichakuti, remake iyi ili ndi mzimu wa Bentley wakale. Zomwe zimatanthawuza galimoto yabwino komanso yodula. Ndipo iyi ndi galimoto yoyendetsa, mosiyana ndi Pierce-Arrow, yomwe ndi theka lori ndi theka loyendetsa. Ngakhale masewera amkati okhala ndi ma kaboni amalowetsa, zoyeserera zolimba za W12, kapena zingerengere zakuda zophatikizidwa ndi zolimbitsa thupi za lalanje sizingaphimbe chithumwa chakale cha Flying Spur ndimizere yake yonyezimira komanso chikopa chakuda. Ichi ndichifukwa chake galimoto, yomwe idayambitsidwa mu 2005, imachepetsa pang'onopang'ono kuposa infotainment system.

“Sindikufuna kuyendetsa galimoto pamtunda wa makilomita 125 kapena ngakhale 100 pa ola, ndikufuna kukhala ndi galimoto yomwe yamangidwa ndikupangidwa mwanjira yoti kuthamanga kwanthawi zonse kumangokhala kusewera kwa ana,” anatero mneneri wa kampaniyi, Eba Jenkins Kufikira pamzimu uwu. adafika ma mailosi 128 pa ola (200 km / h) pamakina okonzedwa.

Zomwezo zitha kunenedwanso kwa Bentley Flying Spur. Mu mtundu wa W12 S wokhala ndi injini ya 635 hp. ndi 820 Nm, imatha kufika mosavuta 320 km paola. Koma ngakhale mutathamanga kwambiri, mphamvu yolimba siyingakupangitseni kukayikira chiwerengerocho.

mtundu	Sedani	Sedani
Miyeso (Kutalika / m'lifupi / kutalika), mm	5299/2207/1488	nd
Mawilo, mm	3066	3480
Thunthu buku, l	475	nd
Kulemera kwazitsulo, kg	2475	za 2200
Kulemera konse	2972	nd
mtundu wa injini	Mafuta W12	Mafuta 8 yamphamvu, mu mzere
Ntchito voliyumu, kiyubiki mamita cm	5998	3998
Max. mphamvu, hp (pa rpm)	635/6000	125 / nd
Max. ozizira. mphindi, Nm (pa rpm)	820/2000	339 / nd
Mtundu wamagalimoto, kufalitsa	Yodzaza, 8АКП	Kumbuyo, 3MKP
Max. liwiro, km / h	325	137
Mathamangitsidwe kuchokera 0 mpaka 100 Km / h, s	4,5	nd
Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta, l / 100 km	14,4	nd