Bmw

Zamkatimu Mbiri ya FounderEmblemCar mu zitsanzoMafunso ndi mayankho: Pakati pa opanga magalimoto otchuka, omwe malonda awo amalemekezedwa padziko lonse lapansi, ndi BMW. Kampaniyo ikugwira ntchito yopanga magalimoto okwera, ma crossovers, magalimoto amasewera ndi magalimoto. Mtunduwu uli ku Germany - mzinda wa Munich. Masiku ano, gulu limaphatikizapo zopangidwa odziwika bwino monga Mini, komanso gawo umafunika kupanga magalimoto apamwamba - Rolls-Royce. Chikoka cha kampaniyi chikufalikira padziko lonse lapansi. Masiku ano ili m'gulu la makampani atatu otsogola ku Europe, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito magalimoto apadera komanso apamwamba. Kodi fakitale yaing'ono yopanga injini za ndege idakwanitsa bwanji kukwera mpaka pamwamba pa "Olympus" m'dziko la automaker? Nayi nkhani yake. Woyambitsa Zonse zidayamba mu 1913 ndikupanga bizinesi yaying'ono yokhala ndi luso lopapatiza. Kampaniyo idakhazikitsidwa ndi Gustav Otto, mwana wa woyambitsa yemwe adathandizira kwambiri pakupanga injini yoyaka moto. Kupanga injini za ndege panthawiyo kunali kofunikira, chifukwa cha zomwe zidachitika pa Nkhondo Yadziko Lonse. M'zaka zimenezo, Karl Rapp ndi Gustav anaganiza kupanga olowa kampani. Inali bizinesi yophatikizana, yomwe inali ndi makampani ang'onoang'ono awiri omwe analipo kale. Mu 1917, iwo analembetsa kampani bmw, chidule chake anamasuliridwa mophweka - Bavarian Motor Plant. Kuyambira nthawi ino imayamba mbiri ya automaker yodziwika kale. Kampaniyo inali ikugwirabe ntchito yopanga zida zamagetsi zamagetsi ku Germany. Komabe, zonse zidasintha ndikuyamba kugwira ntchito kwa Pangano la Versailles. Vuto linali lakuti Germany, pansi pa mfundo za Panganoli, inaletsedwa kupanga zinthu zoterezi. Panthawiyo, inali niche yokha yomwe mtunduwo unayambira. Kuti apulumutse kampaniyo, antchito adaganiza zosintha mbiri yake. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, akhala akupanga magalimoto oyendetsa njinga zamoto. Patapita nthawi yochepa, iwo anakulitsa kukula kwa ntchito, ndipo anayamba kupanga njinga zamoto zawo. Chitsanzo choyamba chinatuluka pamzere wa msonkhano mu 1923. Inali R32 yamawilo awiri. Njinga yamoto idayamba kukondana ndi anthu, osati chifukwa cha msonkhano wabwino, koma makamaka chifukwa chakuti inali njinga yamoto yoyamba ya BMW kuti ikhale mbiri ya dziko. Chimodzi mwa zosinthidwa za mndandanda uno, womwe unayendetsedwa ndi Ernst Henne, unagonjetsa mtunda wa makilomita 279,5 pa ola limodzi. Palibe amene akanatha kutenga malowa kwa zaka 14 zotsatira. Mbiri ina yapadziko lonse lapansi ndi ya chitukuko cha injini ya ndege, Motor4. Pofuna kuti asaphwanye mfundo za mgwirizano wamtendere, mphamvuyi idapangidwa kumadera ena a ku Ulaya. ICE iyi idayikidwa pa ndege yomwe mu 19 idagonjetsa malire okwera amitundu yopanga - 9760m. Pochita chidwi ndi kudalirika kwa chitsanzo ichi cha unit, Soviet Russia akumaliza mgwirizano pa chilengedwe cha injini atsopano kwa izo. Zaka za m'ma 30 za m'ma 19 zimadziwika chifukwa cha maulendo a ndege aku Russia pamtunda wautali, ndipo ubwino wa izi ndi injini yoyaka mkati mwa Bavarians. Kale kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1940, kampaniyo inali itapeza mbiri yabwino, komabe, monga m'makampani ena agalimoto, wopanga uyu adawonongeka kwambiri chifukwa cha nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse. Choncho, kupanga injini ndege pang'onopang'ono kukodzedwa ndi chitukuko cha njinga zamoto-liwiro ndi odalirika. Yafika nthawi yoti mtunduwo ukule kwambiri, ndikukhala wopanga magalimoto. Koma musanayambe kupyola zochitika zazikulu za mbiri yakale za kampaniyo, zomwe zinasiya chizindikiro pazithunzi zamagalimoto, ndi bwino kumvetsera chizindikiro cha mtunduwo. Chizindikiro Poyambirira, pomwe kampaniyo idapangidwa, mabwenziwo sanaganize zopanga logo yawoyawo. Panalibe chifukwa cha izi, chifukwa nyumba imodzi yokha idagwiritsidwa ntchito - asilikali a ku Germany. Panalibe chifukwa chosiyanitsira malonda awo kuchokera kwa omwe akupikisana nawo, chifukwa panalibe opikisana nawo panthawiyo. Komabe, pomwe mtundu udalembetsedwa, oyang'anira amafunikira kutchula logo inayake. Sizinatenge nthawi kuganiza. Anaganiza zosiya chizindikiro cha fakitale ya Rapp, koma m'malo mwa zolemba zakale, zilembo zitatu zodziwika bwino za bmw m'mphepete mwa golide zidayikidwa mozungulira. Bwalo lamkati linagawidwa m'magulu 4 - awiri oyera ndi awiri a buluu. Mitundu iyi imanena za chiyambi cha kampaniyo, chifukwa ndi ya chizindikiro cha Bavaria. Kutsatsa koyamba kwa kampaniyo kunali ndi chithunzi cha ndege yowuluka yokhala ndi chowongolera chozungulira, ndipo mawu akuti BMW adayikidwa m'mphepete mwa bwalo. Chojambula ichi chinalengedwa kuti chilengeze injini yatsopano ya ndege - mbiri yayikulu ya kampaniyo. Kuchokera mu 1929 mpaka 1942, ogwiritsa ntchito okhawo ankagwirizanitsa makina ozungulira ndi logo ya kampani. Kenako oyang'anira kampaniyo adatsimikizira kugwirizana kumeneku. Chiyambireni kulengedwa kwa chizindikirocho, mapangidwe ake sanasinthe kwambiri monga momwe zinalili ndi opanga ena, monga Dodge, monga tafotokozera kale. Akatswiri a kampaniyo samatsutsa lingaliro lakuti chizindikiro cha BMW lero chikugwirizana mwachindunji ndi chizindikiro cha propeller yozungulira, koma nthawi yomweyo sichitsimikizira. Mbiri yamagalimoto mumitundu Mbiri yamagalimoto ya nkhawa imayamba mu 1928, pomwe oyang'anira kampaniyo asankha kugula mafakitale angapo agalimoto ku Thuringia. Pamodzi ndi malo opangira, kampaniyo idalandiranso ziphaso zopanga galimoto yaying'ono Dixi (analogue ya English Austin 7). Izi zinakhala ndalama zanzeru, chifukwa galimoto yaing'ono inathandiza panthawi ya mavuto azachuma. Ogula anali ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi zitsanzo zotere zomwe zimawathandiza kuti aziyenda bwino, koma nthawi yomweyo sankadya mafuta ambiri. 1933 - imatengedwa poyambira kupanga magalimoto pa nsanja yake. The 328 imapeza chinthu chodziwika bwino chomwe chilipobe m'magalimoto onse ochokera ku Bavaria - otchedwa mphuno za grille. Galimoto yamasewera idakhala yothandiza kwambiri kotero kuti zinthu zina zonse zamtunduwu zidayamba kulandira mawonekedwe a magalimoto odalirika, otsogola komanso othamanga mwachisawawa. Pansi pa hood ya chitsanzocho panali injini ya 6-silinda, yokhala ndi mutu wa silinda wopangidwa ndi zinthu zopepuka komanso makina osinthidwa agasi. 1938 - gawo la mphamvu (52), lopangidwa ndi chilolezo kuchokera ku Pratt, lotchedwa Whitney, linayikidwa pa chitsanzo cha Junkers Yu132. Pa nthawi yomweyi, njinga yamoto imatuluka pamzere wa msonkhano, womwe uli ndi liwiro la makilomita 210 pa ola limodzi. Chaka chotsatira, wothamangayo G. Mayier. 1951 - patapita nthawi yaitali ndi yovuta kuchira pambuyo pa nkhondo, woyamba pambuyo nkhondo chitsanzo galimoto - 501. Koma udali mndandanda wolephera womwe udatsalira m'mabuku a mbiri yakale. 1955 - Kampaniyo imakulitsanso mzere wa zitsanzo za njinga zamoto ndi chassis yabwino. M'chaka chomwecho anaonekera wosakanizidwa wina wa njinga yamoto ndi galimoto - Isetta. Lingaliroli linalandiridwanso ndi chidwi, popeza wopanga adapereka magalimoto amakina otsika mtengo kwa osauka. Nthawi yomweyo, kampaniyo, ikuyembekeza kuti ikukula mwachangu, ikuyang'ana kwambiri pakupanga ma limousine. Komabe, lingaliro ili pafupifupi limabweretsa nkhawa kugwa. Mtunduwu umalephera kupewa kutengeka ndi vuto lina - Mercedes-Benz. Kachitatu, kampaniyo imayamba pafupifupi kuyambira pachiyambi. 1956 - mawonekedwe a galimoto yodziwika bwino - mtundu wa 507. Aluminiyamu yamphamvu chipika cha 8 "bowlers", voliyumu yomwe inali malita 3,2, idagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo lamagetsi la roadster. Injini ya 150-horsepower idathamangitsa galimoto yamasewera mpaka makilomita 220 paola. Zinali zochepa - m'zaka zitatu zokha magalimoto okwana 252 adagubuduka pamzere wamsonkhano, womwe ndi nyama yofunikirabe kwa wokhometsa magalimoto aliyense. 1959 - kutulutsidwa kwa mtundu wina wopambana - 700, womwe umakhala ndi mpweya wabwino. 1962 - Kuwonekera kwa galimoto yotsatira yamasewera (mtundu wa 1500) idakondweretsa dziko la oyendetsa magalimoto kwambiri kotero kuti mafakitale analibe nthawi yokwaniritsiratu zoyitanitsa zagalimoto. 1966 - nkhawa ikutsitsimutsa mwambo umene unayenera kuiwala kwa zaka zambiri - 6-silinda injini. BMW 1600-2 likupezeka, pa maziko amene zitsanzo zonse anamangidwa mpaka 2002. 1968 - Kampaniyo imayambitsa ma sedan akuluakulu 2500 ndi 2800. Chifukwa cha zochitika zopambana, zaka za m'ma 60 zinakhala zopindulitsa kwambiri chifukwa cha kukhalapo konse kwa mtunduwu (mpaka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 70). 1970 - Mu theka loyamba la zaka khumi, dziko la magalimoto limalandira mndandanda wachitatu, wachisanu, wachisanu ndi chimodzi ndi wachisanu ndi chiwiri. Kuyambira ndi 5-Series, automaker kumawonjezera ntchito zake, kumasula osati masewera magalimoto, komanso omasuka sedans mwanaalirenji. 1973 - kampaniyo idatulutsa galimoto yosagonjetseka ya 3.0 csl, yokhala ndi zotukuka za akatswiri aku Bavaria. Galimotoyo idatenga mpikisano 6 waku Europe. Mphamvu yake yamagetsi inali ndi makina apadera ogawa gasi, momwe munali ma valve awiri olowera ndi otulutsa mpweya pa silinda. Makina a brake adalandira kachitidwe ka ABS komwe sikanachitikepo (chomwe ndi chachilendo, chowerengedwa mu ndemanga ina). 1986 - kupambana kwina kukuchitika mu dziko la motorsport - galimoto yatsopano ya M3 ikuwonekera. Galimotoyo idagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mpikisano wothamanga mumsewu waukulu komanso ngati njira ya oyendetsa wamba. 1987 - Mtundu waku Bavaria udalandira mphotho yayikulu pamipikisano yozungulira ya World Championship. Woyendetsa galimotoyo ndi Roberto Raviglia. Kwa zaka 5 zotsatira, mtunduwo sunalole opanga ena kuti apange mayendedwe awo othamanga. 1987 - Galimoto ina ikuwonekera, koma nthawi ino inali Z-1 roadster. 1990 - Kutulutsidwa kwa 850i, yomwe inali ndi 12-silinda yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi amkati. 1991 - Kugwirizananso kwa Germany kumathandizira kubadwa kwa BMW Rolls-Royce GmbH. Kampaniyo imakumbukira mizu yake, ndikupanga injini ina ya ndege BR700. 1994 - nkhawa imapeza gulu la mafakitale la Rover, ndipo limatha kutenga zovuta zazikulu ku England, zomwe zimapanga kupanga MG, Rover, ndi Land Rover. Ndi mgwirizano wopindulitsawu, kampaniyo ikukulitsa zomwe zidapangidwa kuti ziphatikizepo ma SUV ndi magalimoto amtawuni opitilira muyeso. 1995 - Autoworld ilandila mawonekedwe ochezera a 3-Series. Mbali ya galimotoyo inali chassis kwathunthu zotayidwa. 1996 - Z3 7-Series imapeza mphamvu ya dizilo. Nkhaniyi ikubwereza ndi chitsanzo cha 1500 cha 1962 - zipangizo zopangira sizingagwirizane ndi malamulo a galimoto kuchokera kwa ogula. 1997 - oyendetsa njinga zamoto adawona mtundu wapadera komanso wapadera kwambiri wamsewu - 1200 C. chitsanzo anali okonzeka ndi lalikulu boxer injini (1,17 malita). M'chaka chomwecho, a roadster, otsogola pamalingaliro onse amawu, adawonekera - galimoto yotseguka ya BMW M. 1999 - Kuyamba kwa kugulitsa galimoto pazinthu zakunja - X5. 1999 - Okonda magalimoto okongola amalandila mtundu wokongola - Z8. 1999 - Frankfurt Motor Show ikuwulula za tsogolo labwino la Z9 GT galimoto. 2004 - chiyambi cha kugulitsa kwa mtundu wa 116i, pansi pa nyumba yomwe panali injini yoyaka mkati ya malita 1,6 ndi mphamvu ya 115 hp. 2006 - pa chiwonetsero cha magalimoto, kampani imayambitsa omvera ku M6 ​​convertible, yomwe idalandira injini yoyaka mkati ya masilinda 10, kufala kwa 7-position SMG. Chochitika cha 100 Km / h anatha kutenga galimoto mu masekondi 4,8. 2007-2015 zosonkhanirazo pang'onopang'ono zimadzazidwanso ndi mitundu yamakono yoyamba, yachiwiri ndi yachitatu. Kwazaka makumi angapo zikubwerazi, chimphona chamagalimoto chakhala chikukweza mitundu yomwe ilipo, chaka chilichonse ndikuyambitsa mibadwo yatsopano kapena njira zowongolera nkhope. Ukadaulo waukadaulo wachitetezo chokhazikika komanso chokhazikika chikuyambitsidwanso pang'onopang'ono. Malo opangira kampani amagwiritsa ntchito ntchito zamanja zokha. Iyi ndi imodzi mwamakampani ochepa omwe sagwiritsa ntchito makina otumizira ma robotic. Ndipo nayi vidiyo yayifupi yowonetsera lingaliro la galimoto yopanda munthu kuchokera ku nkhawa ya ku Bavaria: Mafunso ndi Mayankho: Ndani ali mu Gulu la BMW? Otsogola padziko lonse lapansi: BMW, BMW Motorrad, Mini, Rolls-Royce. Kuphatikiza pa kupanga magulu amagetsi ndi magalimoto osiyanasiyana, kampaniyo imapereka ntchito zachuma. Kodi BMW imapangidwa mumzinda uti? Germany: Dingolfing, Regensburg, Leipzig. Austria: Graz. Russia, Kaliningrad. Mexico: San Luis Potosi.