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BMW xDrive - Autoubik

BMW xDrive - AutoubikThe xDrive two-axle drive system idayambitsidwa koyamba ndi BMW mu X3 mu 2003 ndipo posakhalitsa idasinthidwanso X5. Pang'onopang'ono, dongosolo lotsogolali lalowa mumitundu ina yamtunduwu.

Komabe, BMW idasinthiratu kumagalimoto onse m'mbuyomu. Mbiri ya galimoto yoyamba yokhala ndi buluu ndi yoyera komanso kuyendetsa ma axles onsewa kunayambira nthawi ya nkhondo. Mu 1937, idalamulidwa ndi Wehrmacht panthawiyo, ndipo inali galimoto yotseguka yazitseko zinayi yokhala ndi denga lachinsalu. Pambuyo pake, galimoto ya 4x4 ya automaker inakhalabe pambali kwa nthawi yaitali, mpaka adawonekera chitsanzo cha Audi Quattro, chomwe sichikanatha kusiya BMW yopanda ntchito. Mu 1985, mtundu wa E30 woyendetsa magudumu onse, BMW 325iX, idakhazikitsidwa kuti ikhale yopanga siriyo. Mu 1993, adayikanso BMW 525iX chapamwamba chapakatikati sedan yokhala ndi ukadaulo wamakono kuti igwire ntchito ndi makina onse a ABS. Kusiyanitsa kwapakati ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi kunapangitsa kuti zitheke kugawa torque mumitundu ya 0-100%, ndipo kusiyana kwakumbuyo kunagawa mphamvu kumawilo kudzera pa loko yamagetsi-hydraulic. Kusintha kwina kwa ma wheel drive system, omwe ali ndi mitundu itatu yosiyana, adalowa m'malo mwa maloko awo ndi mabuleki a mawilo, omwe anali ndi udindo pa dongosolo lokhazikika la DSC. Pakuyendetsa kwanthawi zonse, torque idagawidwa m'ma axles pamlingo wa 38:62%. Dongosolo loterolo linagwiritsidwa ntchito, mwachitsanzo, mumitundu ya E46 kapena mitundu yotsogola ya X5. Popititsa patsogolo makina oyendetsa 4 × 4, a BMW adadalira kuti eni ake ambiri agalimoto zotere sagunda pamsewu, ndipo akatero, nthawi zambiri amakhala mtunda wosavuta.

BMW xDrive - Autoubik

Kodi xDrive ndi chiyani?

xDrive ndi makina oyendetsera ma wheel onse omwe amalumikizana ndi DSC electronic stabilization system, yokhala ndi multiplate clutch yomwe imalowa m'malo mwa classic mechanical center differential. Popanga makina atsopano oyendetsa magudumu onse, cholinga cha BMW chinali kusunga, kuwonjezera pa kuwongolera kayendetsedwe ka galimoto, mawonekedwe oyendetsa magalimoto amtundu wakutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa injini.

Makokedwe a injini amagawidwa ndi clutch yoyendetsedwa ndi magetsi yomwe ili mu gearbox yogawa, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala kumunsi kwa bokosi la gear. Kutengera momwe magalimoto akuyendetsedwera, amagawa torque pakati pa ma axles akutsogolo ndi kumbuyo. Dongosolo la xDrive limalumikizidwa ndi dongosolo lokhazikika la DSC. Liwiro lomwe clutch imagwira ntchito kapena kutsekedwa ndi zosakwana 100ms. Kuzizira kwa mafuta odzaza mafuta, momwe ma multiplate clutch alipo, amatchedwa "kukankha". Izi zikutanthauza kuti chosungira chakunja chimakhala ndi zipsepse zomwe zimataya kutentha kwakukulu mumlengalenga wozungulira chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwa mpweya panthawi yoyenda.

Monga njira yopikisana ya Haldex, xDrive ikukonzedwa mosalekeza. Chofunika kwambiri pakali pano ndikuwonjezera mphamvu ya dongosolo lonse, zomwe zimabweretsa kuchepa kwa mafuta onse a galimoto. Mtundu waposachedwa uli ndi servomotor yolumikizira ma multiplate clutch munyumba ya gearbox. Izi zimathetsa kufunikira kwa mpope wamafuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale magawo ochepa padongosolo lonse. Kusinthika kwaposachedwa kwa dongosolo la xDrive kumapereka kuchepetsedwa kwa 30% kwa kuwonongeka kwa mikangano, zomwe zikutanthauza kuchepetsedwa kwathunthu kwamafuta amafuta a 3 mpaka 5% (kutengera mtundu wagalimoto) poyerekeza ndi m'badwo woyamba. Ntchitoyo ndikuyandikira momwe tingathere ndikugwiritsa ntchito mafuta amtundu wamtundu wokhala ndi choyendetsa chakumbuyo chakumbuyo. Pamayendedwe abwinobwino, makinawa amagawira torque kumbuyo kwa 60:40. Popeza mafani ambiri amtunduwu poyambirira adadzudzula mtundu wa xDrive chifukwa chokhala wocheperako, wokulirapo, komanso wokonda kutsika mozungulira movutikira, wopanga adagwira ntchito yokonza. Chifukwa chake, muzochitika zaposachedwa, chitsulo chakumbuyo chimakondedwa mpaka pamlingo waukulu, inde, ndikusunga zofunikira zonse komanso chitetezo chagalimoto poyendetsa. Dongosolo la xDrive likupezeka m'mitundu iwiri. Kwa ma limousine ndi ngolo zamagalimoto, zomwe zimatchedwa njira yophatikizika kwambiri, kutanthauza kuti kufalitsa mphamvu ya injini kupita ku shaft yopita kutsogolo kumaperekedwa ndi gudumu lamagetsi. Magalimoto apamsewu monga X1, X3, X5, komanso X6 amagwiritsa ntchito sprocket kutumiza torque.

BMW xDrive - Autoubik 

Kufotokozera kwa dongosolo ndi xDrive muzochita

Monga tanena kale, xDrive imachita mwachangu kwambiri pakasintha kayendetsedwe ka magalimoto. Poyerekeza, ma 100 ms omwe amafunikira kuti agwiritse ntchito kapena kuchotseratu clutch ndi nthawi yochepa kwambiri kuti galimoto isayankhe mwa kuthamangira kusintha kwanthawi yayitali pamayendedwe a accelerator pedal. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti pakati kukanikiza accelerator pedal ndi mmene injini mu mawonekedwe a kuwonjezeka mphamvu, pafupifupi 200 milliseconds kutha. Kumene, tikukamba za injini mwachibadwa aspirated petulo, pa nkhani ya supercharged injini kapena injini dizilo, nthawi iyi ndi yaitali. Chifukwa chake, pochita, makina a xDrive amakhala okonzeka chiwongolero chokhazikika chisanachitike. Komabe, kugwira ntchito kwadongosolo sikumatha kokha ndi kusintha kwa malo a accelerator. Dongosololi ndi lamphamvu kapena lodziwikiratu kwa magawo ena oyendetsa ndipo nthawi zonse imayang'anira momwe galimoto ilili kuti agawire makokedwe a injini pakati pa ma axle awiri momwe angathere. Pansi pa microscope, mwachitsanzo, lateral mathamangitsidwe sensa ndi udindo wa liwiro la kasinthasintha mawilo, ngodya kasinthasintha awo, mphamvu centrifugal, kutembenuka kwa galimoto kapena makokedwe panopa injini.

Kutengera ndi zomwe zalandilidwa kuchokera ku masensa osiyanasiyana, dongosololi limatha kudziwa ngati yankho likufunika ngati galimotoyo imakonda kuwongolera kapena kutsika. Pamene understeer imatsamira - mawilo akutsogolo amaloza m'mphepete mwa mphepete - cholumikizira chamagetsi cha multiplate choyendetsedwa ndimagetsi chimagawanso torque kuchokera kutsogolo kupita kumbuyo mumakumi a milliseconds. Pokonda kupitirira, mwachitsanzo, pamene mapeto akumbuyo akuyang'ana m'mphepete mwa msewu, xDrive imawongoleranso mphamvu ya injini kuchokera kumbuyo kupita kutsogolo, ndi zomwe zimatchedwa. amakoka galimoto kuchoka mumsewu wosapeweka. Chifukwa chake, kusintha kwachangu pakugawa kwa torque ya injini kumalepheretsa kulowererapo kwa DSC stabilization system, yomwe imayendetsedwa pokhapokha ngati magalimoto amafunikira. Mwa kulumikiza dongosolo la xDrive ku DSC, kulowererapo kwa injini ndi kuwongolera mabuleki kutha kutsegulidwa mofatsa kwambiri. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, dongosolo la DSC sililowererapo ngati kugawa koyenera kwa mphamvu ya injini kumakhala kokwanira kuthetsa chiopsezo cha oversteer kapena understeer.

Poyambira, ma multiplate clutch amatsekedwa pa liwiro la pafupifupi 20 km / h, kuti pothamanga, galimotoyo imakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri. Izi zikadutsa, dongosololi limagawira mphamvu ya injini pakati pa ma axles akutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kutengera momwe magalimoto akuyendetsera.

Pa liwiro lotsika, pamene mphamvu ya injini sikufunika ndipo galimoto ikutembenuka (mwachitsanzo, ikakwera pamakona kapena kuyimitsidwa), makinawo amachotsa kutsogolo kwa chitsulo chowongolera ndipo mphamvu ya injini imasamutsidwa ku chitsulo chakumbuyo. Cholinga chake ndi kuchepetsa kugwiritsira ntchito mafuta komanso kuchepetsa mphamvu zosafunika pakuyendetsa galimoto.

Kachitidwe kofananira kachitidweko kumatha kuwoneka pa liwiro lalitali, mwachitsanzo. poyendetsa bwino mumsewu waukulu. Pakuthamanga uku, kuyendetsa mosalekeza ku ma axle onse awiri sikufunika, chifukwa izi zidzawonjezera kuvala kwa zigawo komanso kuonjezera mafuta. Pa liwiro pamwamba pa 130 Km / h, kulamulira zamagetsi amapereka lamulo kutsegula pakati Mipikisano mbale zowalamulira, ndi mphamvu ya injini imafalitsidwa kokha ku mawilo kumbuyo.

Pamalo otsika kwambiri (ayisi, matalala, matope), makinawa amatsekereza kakokedwe kabwino kwambiri. Koma bwanji ngati gudumu limodzi limakoka bwino ndipo enawo atatu ali pamalo poterera? Mtundu wokhawo wokhala ndi DPC ukhoza kusamutsa 100% ya mphamvu ya injini ku gudumu limodzi. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira yosiyana ndi DPC (Dynamic Performance Control) yomwe ili pamzere wakumbuyo, torque imagawidwanso mwachangu pakati pa mawilo akumbuyo kumanja ndi kumanzere. Umu ndi momwe BMW X6 ilili ndi zida, mwachitsanzo. M'magalimoto ena, 100% ya mphamvu ya injini imasamutsidwa ku chitsulo chomwe chili ndi gudumu logwira bwino kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, ngati pali mawilo atatu pa ayezi ndi imodzi, mwachitsanzo pa asphalt. Pankhaniyi, dongosolo amagawa chiŵerengero 50:50 mawilo onse kumanja ndi kumanzere, pamene gudumu pamwamba ndi nsinga pang'ono ndi braked ndi DSC kuti pasakhale oversteer kwambiri. Pankhaniyi, dongosolo amagawira injini mphamvu pakati pa ma axles osati pakati pa mawilo munthu.

Dongosolo la xDrive limapindulanso ndi zofunikira zochepa zokonza. Wopanga amalimbikitsa kusintha mafuta pambuyo pa 100 - 000 km, makamaka magalimoto omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri m'misewu yafumbi kapena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukoka ngolo. Makina a xDrive amawonjezera kulemera kwa galimotoyo pafupifupi 150 mpaka 000 kg, ndipo mafuta, kutengera mtundu ndi mtundu wa injini, amakhala pakati pa 75 ndi 80 lita imodzi yamafuta poyerekeza ndi mitundu yoyendetsa kumbuyo kokha.

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