BMW ndi hydrogen: injini yoyaka mkati

Ntchito za kampaniyo zidayamba zaka 40 zapitazo ndi mtundu wa haidrojeni mndandanda wa 5

BMW yakhala ikukhulupirira kuti magetsi aziyenda. Masiku ano, Tesla akhoza kuonedwa ngati benchmark m'dera lino, koma zaka khumi zapitazo, pamene American kampani anasonyeza lingaliro la makonda nsanja aluminiyamu, amene ndiye anazindikira mu mawonekedwe a Tesla Model S, BMW anali akugwira ntchito pa Megacity. Ntchito yamagalimoto. 2013 imagulitsidwa ngati BMW i3. Galimoto ya ku Germany ya avant-garde siimagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a aluminiyumu yothandizira ndi mabatire ophatikizidwa, komanso thupi lopangidwa ndi ma polima opangidwa ndi carbon. Komabe, zomwe Tesla ali patsogolo mosakayikira patsogolo mpikisano wake ndi njira yake yapadera, makamaka pa mlingo wa kupanga mabatire kwa magalimoto magetsi - kuchokera maubwenzi ndi lifiyamu-ion opanga ma cell kumanga mafakitale aakulu batire, kuphatikizapo amene si ntchito magetsi. kuyenda.

Koma tiyeni tibwerere ku BMW chifukwa, mosiyana ndi Tesla ndi ambiri omwe akupikisana nawo, kampani yaku Germany imakhulupirirabe kuyenda kwa haidrojeni. Posachedwapa, gulu lotsogozedwa ndi Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti wa Hydrogen Fuel Cells, Dr. Jürgen Gouldner, adavumbulutsa I-Hydrogen Next fuel cell, genset yodziyendetsa yokha yoyendetsedwa ndi mphamvu yotsika kwambiri yamankhwala. Mphindi ino ndi chikumbutso cha 10 cha kukhazikitsidwa kwa chitukuko cha magalimoto amafuta a BMW komanso chikumbutso cha 7th cha mgwirizano ndi Toyota pa cell cell. Komabe, kudalira kwa BMW pa haidrojeni kunabwerera zaka 40 ndipo ndi "kutentha kotentha".

Izi ndizoposa kotala la zaka zana zomwe kampaniyo idachita, momwe haidrojeni imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mafuta a injini zoyatsira mkati. Kwa nthawi yayitali, kampaniyo idakhulupirira kuti injini yoyaka mkati mwa hydrogen inali pafupi ndi ogula kuposa cell cell. Ndi mphamvu ya pafupifupi 60% komanso kuphatikiza kwa injini yamagetsi yokhala ndi mphamvu yopitilira 90%, injini yama cell cell ndiyothandiza kwambiri kuposa injini yoyaka mkati yomwe ikuyenda pa haidrojeni. Monga tiwona m'mizere yotsatirayi, ndi jakisoni wawo wachindunji ndi turbocharging, ma injini ochepera amasiku ano adzakhala oyenera kutulutsa haidrojeni-ngati jekeseni yoyenera ndi njira zowongolera kuyaka zili m'malo. Koma ngakhale injini zoyaka mkati zoyendetsedwa ndi haidrojeni nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotsika mtengo kuposa mafuta ophatikizika ndi batire ya lithiamu-ion, salinso pandandanda. Kuonjezera apo, mavuto a kayendedwe ka haidrojeni muzochitika zonsezi amapita kutali kwambiri ndi kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake.

Ndipo bwanji hydrogen?

Hydrogeni ndichinthu chofunikira pakufunafuna kwaumunthu kugwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera zowonjezera mphamvu monga mlatho wosungira mphamvu kuchokera ku dzuwa, mphepo, madzi ndi biomass powasandutsa mphamvu zamagetsi. Mwachidule, izi zikutanthauza kuti magetsi omwe amapangidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe sangathe kusungidwa mochuluka, koma atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga hydrogen powola madzi kukhala oxygen ndi hydrogen.

Zoonadi, haidrojeni ingathenso kuchotsedwa ku magwero osasinthika a hydrocarbon, koma izi zakhala zosavomerezeka kwa nthawi yaitali pankhani yogwiritsa ntchito ngati mphamvu. Ndizosatsutsika kuti zovuta zamakono zopanga, kusungirako ndi kuyendetsa hydrogen zimatha kusungunuka - pochita, ngakhale panopo, mpweya wochulukawu umapangidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zopangira m'mafakitale a mankhwala ndi petrochemical. Komabe, pazifukwa izi, mtengo wapamwamba wa haidrojeni siwowopsa, chifukwa "umasungunuka" pamtengo wapamwamba wa zinthu zomwe zimakhudzidwa.

Komabe, vuto logwiritsa ntchito gasi wopepuka ngati gwero lamphamvu komanso lochulukirapo ndizovuta kwambiri. Asayansi akhala akugwedeza mitu yawo kwa nthawi yayitali kufunafuna njira ina yopangira mafuta opangira mafuta, ndipo kuwonjezeka kwa magetsi ndi hydrogen kungakhale pafupi ndi symbiosis. Pamtima pa zonsezi ndi mfundo yosavuta koma yofunika kwambiri - kuchotsa ndi kugwiritsira ntchito haidrojeni kumayenda mozungulira chilengedwe cha kuphatikiza ndi kuwola kwa madzi ... haidrojeni ikhoza kupangidwa ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito mopanda malire popanda kutulutsa mpweya woipa.
kupanga

Oposa matani 70 miliyoni a haidrojeni woyenga tsopano akupangidwa padziko lapansi. Zopangira zazikuluzikulu pakupanga kwake ndi mpweya wachilengedwe, womwe umakonzedwa munjira yotchedwa "kukonzanso" (theka la yathunthu). Hydrogen yaying'ono imapangidwa ndi njira zina, monga electrolysis ya mankhwala enaake a klorini, makutidwe ndi okosijeni ochepa amafuta, mafuta amakala, pyrolysis yamalasha kuti apange coke, komanso kusintha kwa mafuta. Pafupifupi theka la hydrogen yapadziko lonse lapansi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophatikiza ammonia (yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chodyetsera popanga feteleza), poyenga mafuta komanso kaphatikizidwe ka methanol.

Njira zopangira izi zimalemetsa chilengedwe mosiyanasiyana ndipo, mwatsoka, palibe m'modzi mwa iwo amene amapereka njira yodalirika yosinthira mphamvu zomwe zilipo panopa - choyamba chifukwa chakuti amagwiritsa ntchito magwero osasinthika, ndipo kachiwiri chifukwa kupanga kumatulutsa zinthu zosafunikira monga carbon dioxide. Njira yodalirika kwambiri yopangira haidrojeni m'tsogolomu imakhalabe kuwonongeka kwa madzi mothandizidwa ndi magetsi, omwe amadziwika kusukulu ya pulayimale. Komabe, kutseka mphamvu yaukhondo pakali pano ndi kotheka pokhapokha pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zachilengedwe makamaka dzuwa ndi mphepo kuti apange magetsi ofunikira kuti awononge madzi. Malinga ndi Dr. Gouldner, matekinoloje amakono "ogwirizana" ndi mphepo ndi ma solar, kuphatikizapo masiteshoni ang'onoang'ono a haidrojeni, kumene omalizirawa amapangidwa pamalopo, ndi sitepe yaikulu yatsopano kumbali iyi.
Malo osungira

Hydrogen imatha kusungidwa mochuluka m'magulu awiri amagesi komanso amadzimadzi. Malo osungira akulu kwambiri, momwe hydrogen amasungidwa mopanikizika pang'ono, amatchedwa "mita yamagesi". Matanki apakatikati ndi ang'onoang'ono ndi oyenera kusungira haidrojeni mopanikizika ndi 30 bar, pomwe akasinja ang'ono kwambiri (zida zamtengo wapatali zopangidwa ndi chitsulo chapadera kapena zida za kaboni fiber) amakhala ndi bala la 400.
Hydrojeni imathanso kusungidwa mumadzimadzi pa -253 ° C pa voliyumu iliyonse yomwe ili ndi mphamvu 1,78 kuposa momwe imasungidwa pa bar 700 - kuti ikwaniritse mphamvu yofananira ya hydrogen yosungunuka pa voliyumu imodzi, mpweya uyenera kukakamizidwa mpaka 1250 pa. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mphamvu kwa hydrogen wozizira kwambiri, BMW ikugwirizana ndi gulu lopangira firiji ku Germany la Linde pamakina ake oyamba, omwe apanga zida zamakono zokhala ndi ma cryogenic kuti asungunuke ndikusunga haidrojeni. Asayansi amaperekanso zina, koma zosagwira ntchito pakali pano, njira zina zosungiramo haidrojeni - mwachitsanzo, kusungirako pansi pazitsulo mu ufa wapadera wachitsulo, mu mawonekedwe a hydrides zitsulo, ndi zina.

Maukonde opatsirana ndi haidrojeni alipo kale m'malo okhala ndi mankhwala ambiri komanso zoyeretsera mafuta. Kawirikawiri, njirayi ndi yofanana ndi kufalitsa mpweya wachilengedwe, koma kugwiritsa ntchito yotsirizira zosowa za haidrojeni sikungatheke nthawi zonse. Komabe, ngakhale m'zaka zapitazi, nyumba zambiri m'mizinda yaku Europe zidayatsidwa ndi mpweya wa payipi, womwe umakhala ndi 50% ya hydrogen yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mafuta oyatsira magetsi oyambira amkati. Mulingo wamakono waukadaulo walola kale mayendedwe amadzimadzi amadzimadzi amadzimadzi ochokera m'matangi omwe alipo kale, ofanana ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa gasi.

BMW ndi injini yoyaka mkati

"Madzi. Chotsalira chokha cha injini za BMW zoyera zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito hydrogen yamadzimadzi m'malo mwa mafuta a petroleum ndipo zimalola aliyense kusangalala ndi matekinoloje atsopano ndi chikumbumtima choyera. "

Mawu awa ndi mawu ochokera pakampani yotsatsa ku Germany kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 745 zino. Iyenera kuti ikulimbikitsa mtundu wa ma hydrogen wa maola XNUMX wosangalatsa wa opanga ma Bavaria. Zachilendo, chifukwa, malinga ndi BMW, kusintha kwa njira zamafuta zama hydrocarbon, zomwe makampani azamagalimoto akhala akudyetsa kuyambira pachiyambi, kudzafunika kusintha kwa zomangamanga zonse. Panthawiyo, a Bavaria adapeza njira yodalirika yopititsira patsogolo osati m'maselo amafuta omwe adalengezedwa kwambiri, komanso posamutsa makina oyaka mkati kuti agwire ntchito ndi hydrogen. BMW ikukhulupirira kuti retrofit yomwe ikuwunikidwayo ndi nkhani yokhoza kuthetsedwa ndipo ikupita patsogolo kwambiri kulimbana ndi vuto lalikulu lowonetsetsa kuti injini zikugwira bwino ntchito ndikuchotsa chizolowezi choyaka moto pogwiritsa ntchito hydrogen yoyera. Kuchita bwino pantchitoyi kumatheka chifukwa cha kuthekera kwa kayendetsedwe ka zamagetsi zamagetsi ndikutha kugwiritsa ntchito makina ovomerezeka a BMW okhala ndi mavitamini osinthira magalasi a Valvetronic ndi Vanos, popanda izi ndizosatheka kutsimikizira "injini za hydrogen".

Komabe, masitepe oyambirira mu njira iyi ndi 1820, pamene mlengi William Cecil analenga haidrojeni-fueled injini ntchito pa otchedwa "vacuum mfundo" - chiwembu chosiyana kwambiri ndi kuti kenako anatulukira ndi injini mkati. kuyaka. Pachiyambi chake choyamba cha injini zoyatsira mkati zaka 60 pambuyo pake, mpainiya Otto adagwiritsa ntchito gasi wopangidwa kale komanso wopangidwa ndi malasha wokhala ndi haidrojeni pafupifupi 50%. Komabe, ndi kupangidwa kwa carburetor, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta kwakhala kothandiza kwambiri komanso kotetezeka, ndipo mafuta amadzimadzi alowa m'malo mwa njira zina zonse zomwe zakhalapo mpaka pano. Mphamvu za haidrojeni monga mafuta zinadziŵika zaka zambiri pambuyo pake ndi makampani opanga zinthu zakuthambo, amene mwamsanga anapeza kuti haidrojeni anali ndi chiŵerengero chabwino kwambiri cha mphamvu ndi misa ya mafuta alionse odziŵika kwa anthu.

Mu Julayi 1998, European Automobile Industry Association (ACEA) inadzipereka kuti ichepetse mpweya wa CO2 wamagalimoto omwe angoyamba kumene ku Union mpaka magalamu 140 pa kilomita pofika chaka cha 2008. Pochita izi, izi zikutanthauza kutsika kwa 25% kwa mpweya poyerekeza ndi 1995 ndipo ndikofanana ndi kuchuluka kwamafuta m'mazombo atsopano pafupifupi 6,0 l / 100 km. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ntchito yamagalimoto yamagalimoto ikhale yovuta kwambiri ndipo, malinga ndi akatswiri a BMW, itha kuthetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mafuta osagwiritsa ntchito kaboni wocheperako kapena kuchotsa kwathunthu mpweya m'mafuta. Malinga ndi chiphunzitso ichi, haidrojeni amawonekera muulemerero wake wonse pagalimoto.
Kampani yaku Bavaria imakhala yoyamba kupanga magalimoto kuyamba kupanga magalimoto ochulukirapo a hydrogen. Malingaliro okweza ndi olimba mtima a BMW Board of Directors a Burkhard Göschel, Mamembala a BMW Board omwe akuyang'anira zochitika zatsopano, zakuti "kampaniyo idzagulitsa magalimoto a hydrogen 7 Series isanathe," zikukwaniritsidwa. Ndi Hydrogen 7, mndandanda wachisanu ndi chiwiri udayambitsidwa mu 2006 ndipo uli ndi injini yamphamvu yamphamvu 12-260 hp. uthengawu umakhala weniweni.

Cholinga chake chikuwoneka ngati chokhumba, koma pachifukwa chabwino. BMW yakhala ikuyesa injini zoyaka moto za hydrogen kuyambira 1978, ndi ma 5-series (E12), mtundu wa maola 1984 wa E 745 udayambitsidwa mu 23, ndipo pa Meyi 11, 2000, idawonetsa kuthekera kwapadera kwa njirayi. Zombo zochititsa chidwi za 15 hp. E 750 "ya sabata" yokhala ndi ma injini a 38-silinda oyendetsedwa ndi hydrogen adathamanga mpikisano wa 12 km, kuwonetsa kupambana kwa kampaniyo komanso lonjezo laukadaulo watsopano. Mu 170 ndi 000, ena mwa magalimoto amenewa adapitilizabe kuchita ziwonetsero zosiyanasiyana polimbikitsa lingaliro la hydrogen. Kenako pakubwera chitukuko chatsopano chotsatira cha 2001 Series chotsatira, pogwiritsa ntchito injini ya 2002-lita V-7 komanso yokhoza kuthamanga 4,4 km / h, kutsatiridwa ndi chitukuko chaposachedwa ndi injini ya 212-silinda V-12.

Malinga ndi lingaliro lakampaniyo, zifukwa zomwe BMW idakondera ukadaulo uwu kupangira ma cell ndizogulitsa komanso zamaganizidwe. Choyamba, njirayi idzafuna ndalama zochepa kwambiri pakachitika kusintha kwa zomangamanga. Chachiwiri, chifukwa anthu azolowera injini yoyaka yamkati yakale, amawakonda ndipo zidzakhala zovuta kusiya nawo. Ndipo chachitatu, chifukwa nthawi yomweyo, ukadaulo uwu ukukula mwachangu kuposa ukadaulo wama cell wamafuta.

M'magalimoto a BMW, haidrojeni imasungidwa m'chombo cha cryogenic, chofanana ndi botolo lapamwamba kwambiri la thermos lopangidwa ndi gulu la firiji la Germany Linde. Pa kutentha otsika yosungirako, mafuta ali mu gawo lamadzimadzi ndipo amalowa mu injini ngati mafuta wamba.

Okonza kampani ya Munich amagwiritsa ntchito jekeseni wamafuta muzowonjezereka, ndipo ubwino wa kusakaniza umadalira momwe injini ikugwirira ntchito. Munjira yolemetsa pang'ono, injini imayenda pa zosakaniza zowonda zofanana ndi dizilo - kuchuluka kwamafuta komwe kumalowetsedwa kumasinthidwa. Izi ndi zomwe zimatchedwa "kuwongolera khalidwe" la osakaniza, momwe injini imayendera ndi mpweya wochuluka, koma chifukwa cha katundu wochepa, mapangidwe a mpweya wa nayitrogeni amachepetsa. Pakafunika mphamvu yaikulu, injini imayamba kugwira ntchito ngati injini ya mafuta, kusunthira ku zomwe zimatchedwa "kuchulukitsitsa" kwa osakaniza ndi kusakaniza (osati kutsamira). Zosintha izi ndizotheka, pa dzanja limodzi ndi Valvetronic intake control system popanda throttle. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti, malinga ndi akatswiri a BMW, chiwembu chogwira ntchito cha chitukukochi ndi gawo lapakati pa chitukuko cha teknoloji ndipo m'tsogolomu injini zidzayenera kusuntha jekeseni wa haidrojeni mu masilinda ndi turbocharger. Zikuyembekezeka kuti kugwiritsa ntchito njirazi kudzetsa kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito agalimoto poyerekeza ndi injini yofananira ya petulo komanso kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu yonse ya injini yoyatsira mkati ndi yopitilira 50%.

Chochititsa chidwi chachitukuko ndichakuti ndi zomwe zachitika posachedwa mu injini zoyatsira zamkati za "hydrogen", opanga ku Munich akulowa m'magawo amafuta. Amagwiritsa ntchito zida zotere kuti azipatsa mphamvu ma netiweki amagetsi omwe ali m'magalimoto, kuchotseratu batire wamba. Chifukwa cha sitepe iyi, ndalama zowonjezera mafuta ndizotheka, chifukwa injini ya haidrojeni sayenera kuyendetsa alternator, ndipo makina amagetsi apamtunda amakhala odziyimira pawokha komanso odziyimira pawokha panjira yoyendetsa - amatha kupanga magetsi ngakhale injini siyikuyenda. ndi kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kumatha kukonzedwa bwino. Mfundo yakuti magetsi ochuluka monga momwe amafunikira kuti apereke mphamvu pa mpope wamadzi, mapampu amafuta, chowonjezera mabuleki ndi makina opangira mawaya tsopano atha kupangidwanso zimamasuliranso kupulumutsa kwina. Komabe, mogwirizana ndi zatsopano zonsezi, dongosolo la jekeseni wamafuta (petulo) silinasinthe mamangidwe okwera mtengo.

Pofuna kulimbikitsa matekinoloje a haidrojeni mu Juni 2002, BMW Group, Aral, BVG, DaimlerChrysler, Ford, GHW, Linde, Opel, MAN adapanga pulogalamu ya mgwirizano wa CleanEnergy, yomwe idayamba ntchito yake ndikupanga malo opangira ma LPG. ndi kupanikizika kwa hydrogen. Mwa iwo, gawo la haidrojeni limapangidwa pamalopo pogwiritsa ntchito magetsi amagetsi a dzuwa, kenako nkupanikizidwa, ndipo zochuluka zazikulu zamadzimadzi zimachokera m'malo opangira apadera, ndipo nthunzi zonse zamadzi zimasunthira mosungira gasi.
BMW yakhazikitsa ntchito zingapo zophatikizira, kuphatikiza ndi makampani amafuta, omwe omwe akutenga nawo mbali kwambiri ndi Aral, BP, Shell, Total.
Komabe, chifukwa chiyani BMW ikusiya njirazi zamatekinoloje ndipo ikuyang'anabe pamafuta amafuta, tikukuuzani m'nkhani ina ija.

Hydrogen m'makina oyaka mkati

Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti chifukwa cha thupi ndi mankhwala a haidrojeni, amatha kuyaka kwambiri kuposa mafuta. Pochita izi, izi zikutanthauza kuti mphamvu zochepa zoyamba zimafunikira kuyambitsa kuyaka kwa hydrogen. Kumbali inayi, injini za haidrojeni zimatha kugwiritsa ntchito zosakaniza "zoyipa" - chinthu chomwe injini zamafuta amakono zimapeza kudzera muukadaulo wovuta komanso wokwera mtengo.

Kutentha kwapakati pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta hydrogen-mpweya wosakanikirana sikumatayika, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, kutentha kwamoto kumakhala kokwera kwambiri, monganso kuchuluka kwa kuyaka poyerekeza ndi mafuta. Hydrogen ili ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono komanso kufalikira kwamphamvu (kuthekera kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tolowa mpweya wina - pakadali pano, mpweya).

Ndi mphamvu yotsika yochepa yomwe imafunikira kudziyatsa yomwe ndi imodzi mwazovuta kwambiri pakuwotcha kuyaka kwama injini a hydrogen, chifukwa kusakanikirana kumangoyaka mosachedwa chifukwa cholumikizana ndi malo otentha m'chipinda choyaka moto komanso kukana kutsatira njira zingapo zosalamulirika. Kupewa chiopsezo ichi ndi chimodzi mwazovuta kwambiri pakupanga injini ya haidrojeni, koma sizovuta kuthetsa zotsatira zakuti kusakaniza kwamoto kotayika kwambiri kumayandikira kwambiri pamakoma amiyala ndipo kumatha kulowa m'mipata yopapatiza. mwachitsanzo pamavavu otsekedwa ... Zonsezi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa mukamapanga ma mota awa.

Kutentha kwapamwamba kwambiri komanso nambala yayikulu ya octane (pafupifupi 130) imalola kuchuluka kwa injini ndipo, chifukwa chake, kuchita bwino kwake, koma palinso chiopsezo chotenga hydrogen posakanikirana ndi gawo lotentha. mu silinda. Ubwino wa kufalikira kwakukulu kwa haidrojeni ndi kuthekera kosakanikirana kosavuta ndi mpweya, komwe kukhoza kuwonongeka kwa thanki kumatsimikizira kufalikira mwachangu komanso mosamala kwamafuta.

Mpweya wabwino wa haidrojeni wosakaniza kuti uyake uli ndi chiŵerengero cha 34: 1 (kwa mafuta chiŵerengero ichi ndi 14,7: 1). Izi zikutanthauza kuti pophatikiza misa yofanana ya haidrojeni ndi petulo poyamba, mpweya wochuluka umafunika kuwirikiza kawiri. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kusakaniza kwa hydrogen-mpweya kumatenga malo ochulukirapo, chifukwa chake injini za haidrojeni zimakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa. Chithunzi chodziwika bwino cha digito cha ma ratios ndi ma voliyumu ndi omveka bwino - kuchuluka kwa haidrojeni yokonzeka kuyaka ndi kuchepera 56 kuposa kuchuluka kwa nthunzi yamafuta ... . hydrogen mu ziwerengero mpaka 180: 1 (i.e. ndi zosakaniza "zoipa" kwambiri), zomwe zikutanthauza kuti injini imatha kuthamanga popanda kugunda ndikugwiritsa ntchito mfundo za injini za dizilo. Ayeneranso kutchulidwa kuti haidrojeni ndi mtsogoleri wosatsutsika poyerekeza pakati pa haidrojeni ndi mafuta monga gwero lamphamvu - kilogalamu ya hydrogen ili ndi mphamvu pafupifupi katatu pa kilogalamu imodzi ya mafuta.

Mofanana ndi injini za petulo, hydrogen yamadzimadzi imatha kubayidwa patsogolo pa mavavu muzinthu zambiri, koma njira yabwino kwambiri ndi jekeseni mwachindunji panthawi ya psinjika - pamenepa, mphamvuyo imatha kupitirira injini ya petulo yofanana ndi 25%. Izi zili choncho chifukwa mafuta (hydrogen) samachotsa mpweya monga momwe amachitira ndi petulo kapena injini ya dizilo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chipinda choyaka moto chidzaze ndi mpweya wokha (wochuluka kuposa nthawi zonse). Kuphatikiza apo, mosiyana ndi injini zamafuta, haidrojeni sifunikira kugwedezeka kwadongosolo, popeza haidrojeni popanda muyeso uwu imafalikira bwino ndi mpweya. Chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana yoyaka moto m'magawo osiyanasiyana a silinda, ndikwabwino kukhazikitsa ma spark plugs awiri, ndipo mu injini za haidrojeni, kugwiritsa ntchito maelekitirodi a platinamu sikoyenera, chifukwa platinamu imakhala chothandizira chomwe chimatsogolera ku okosijeni wamafuta ngakhale kutentha pang'ono. .

Mazda kusankha

Kampani yaku Japan ya Mazda ikuwonetsanso mtundu wake wa injini ya hydrogen, ngati chipika chozungulira mugalimoto yamasewera ya RX-8. Izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa mawonekedwe a injini ya Wankel ndi oyenera kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito haidrojeni ngati mafuta.
Gasi amasungidwa mopanikizika kwambiri mu thanki yapadera ndipo mafuta amalowetsedwa m'zipinda zoyaka moto. Chifukwa chakuti ngati pali makina oyenda mozungulira, magawo omwe jakisoni ndi kuyaka kumachitika amakhala osiyana, ndipo kutentha kwa gawo lodyerako kumakhala kotsika, vuto lakuthekera kwa kuyatsa kosalamulirika kumachepa kwambiri. Injini ya Wankel imaperekanso malo okwanira ma jakisoni awiri, omwe ndi ofunikira kupangira hydrogen woyenera.

H2R

H2R ndi ntchito ya supersport yopangidwa ndi akatswiri a BMW ndipo imayendetsedwa ndi injini ya 12-cylinder yomwe imafika kutulutsa kwakukulu kwa 285 hp. pamene ntchito ndi haidrojeni. Chifukwa cha iwo, chitsanzo choyesera chimachokera ku 0 mpaka 100 km / h m'masekondi asanu ndi limodzi ndipo chimafika pa liwiro la 300 km / h. Injini ya H2R imachokera pamtundu wapamwamba womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mafuta a 760i ndipo inatenga miyezi khumi yokha kuti ikule. .

Pofuna kupewa kuyaka modzidzimutsa, akatswiri a ku Bavaria apanga njira yapadera yoyendetsera kayendetsedwe kake ndi jekeseni m'chipinda choyaka moto, pogwiritsa ntchito mwayi woperekedwa ndi injini yosinthira nthawi ya valve. Kusakaniza kusanalowe m'masilinda, otsirizirawo amazizidwa ndi mpweya, ndipo kuyatsa kumangochitika pamwamba pakufa - chifukwa cha kuyaka kwakukulu ndi mafuta a hydrogen, kuyatsa patsogolo sikofunikira.