Malamba ampando wamagalimoto: chitetezo chatsimikizika kwazaka zambiri

Ngakhale kuchuluka kwaposachedwa kwamatekinoloje amakono, malamba okhala pampando amakhalabe njira yayikulu yotetezera driver ndi okwera mgalimoto. Pokonza malo omwe thupi limakhala ndi zovuta, chipangizochi chatsimikizika kwazaka zambiri kuti chithandizire kupewa kuvulala koopsa, komwe nthawi zambiri sikogwirizana ndi moyo. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, mu 70% ya milandu, anthu amatha kupulumuka pangozi zazikulu chifukwa cha malamba apampando.

Zochitika m'mbiri komanso zamakono

Amakhulupirira kuti lamba wapampando woyamba adapangidwa ndikupanga chilolezo mu 1885 ndi American Edward Claghorn. Poyamba, chipangizocho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa okwera pamagalimoto otseguka. Pambuyo pake, aphunzitsi nawonso anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito lamba. Komabe, m'makampani opanga magalimoto, malamba apampando adayamba kuwonekera pambuyo pake. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka makumi awiri, adayesa kuzikwaniritsa ngati njira ina, koma lingalirolo silinapambane.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba, Ford idayamba kukonza magalimoto ake ndi malamba ampando: mu 1948, zida zatsopano zidakhazikitsidwa pamitundu ingapo yamtunduwu mwakamodzi.

M'mawonekedwe awo amakono, malamba apampando adawoneka mgalimoto mu 1959, pomwe Volvo yaku Sweden idayamba kuwaika.

M'galimoto zamakono, malamba apamtunda ndi gawo lofunikira. Mukamayendetsa, ndikofunikira kuwamangiriza osati kwa driver kokha, komanso kwa onse okwera mgalimoto. Ngati lamuloli litaphwanyidwa, dalaivala amalipitsidwa chindapusa ma ruble 1 (kutengera gawo la 000 la Code of Administrative Offices of the Russian Federation).

Komabe, sikulipira ndalama konse, koma kuda nkhawa ndi chitetezo chawo kumakakamiza oyendetsa ndi okwera kuti azigwiritsa ntchito chida chachitetezo chomwe chakhala chikutsimikiziridwa kwazaka zambiri. Pakachitika ngozi kutsogolo, malambawo amalepheretsa kuthekera kwa:

• kunyamuka kudzera pawindo lakutsogolo;
• kugunda chiwongolero, lakutsogolo, kapena mipando yakutsogolo.

Zovuta zoyipa zimatha kupangitsa kuti makina agubuduke. Pali zochitika pomwe anthu osakhazikika adawulukira m'mawindo ammbali, kenako ndikupwanyidwa ndi thupi lagalimoto. Ngati malamba agwiritsidwa ntchito monga momwe amafunira, ndiye kuti izi sizingachitike.

Chilichonse chosatetezeka m'chipindacho chimayambitsa ngozi kwa ena. Anthu ndi ziweto sizachilendo.

Chipangizo ndi ndondomeko ya ntchito

Poyamba, kumanga lamba wapampando kungaoneke ngati kosavuta kwenikweni. Komabe, chida cha malamba amakono chimaphatikizapo mndandanda wazinthu zambiri, kuphatikiza:

• tepi yamagetsi (yopangidwa ndi ulusi wolimba kwambiri wa poliyesitala yomwe imatha kupirira katundu wolemera);
• zolumikizira (zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa pazipangidwe za thupi kuti zikhale zodalirika kwambiri, kupatula magalimoto okhala ndi malamba anayi ndi asanu omwe amamangiriridwa pampando);
• lamba chomangira lamba (imapereka malo otsekemera, chifukwa chake kuyika bwino zingwe);
• ma inertial coils (omwe amachititsa kuti tepi ya lamba ikhale yolimba komanso ikuwombera mukamafewetsa);
• malire (amakulolani kuti muwonjezere kutalika kwa lamba kuti muzimitse mphamvu ndikuwonjezera chitetezo panthawi yangozi);
• pretensioners (zinayambitsidwa pa nthawi ya amadza, yomweyo kumangitsa lamba ndi kuteteza mathamangitsidwe thupi).

Mndandanda wathunthu wazinthu umatengera makina a lamba. Zonse pamodzi, pali mfundo zitatu zogwiritsira ntchito zida:

1. Malo amodzi. Mapangidwe amtunduwu ndi achikale ndipo sagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto amakono. Tepiyo ili ndi kutalika kwakanthawi komwe mutha kusintha pamanja. Chifukwa chosatsata mfundo zachitetezo, malamba amtunduwu satha kugwira ntchito.
2. Njira yamphamvu. Malamba otere amatha kutalika ndikutuluka mofanana pomwe munthu akuyenda. Komabe, pakuwuma mwamphamvu, chosungira chimayambitsidwa, chifukwa chake lamba amalikakamiza thupi kutsutsana ndi mpando wamagalimoto, kuyendetsa dalaivala kapena wokwera.
3. Njira yotsogolera. Njira yodalirika komanso amakono yokhudzana ndi njira zina zotetezera magalimoto. Ngati masensa apadera m'galimoto azindikira kuthekera koopsa, zamagetsi zimalimbitsa malamba pasadakhale. Vuto likadutsa, tepi imabwerera pamalo ake.

Mitundu yampando wamalamba amakono

Malamba achitetezo atayamba kulowetsedwa m'makampani opanga magalimoto, opanga anayamba kupereka mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazida izi. Zotsatira zake, magulu angapo amalo amatha kupezeka mgalimoto zamakono:

1. Malamba amiyala iwiri ndi njira yachikale. Zipangizo zoterezi ndizofala kwambiri m'mabasi apaulendo ndi ndege. Nthawi zina malamba amiyala iwiri amakwanira mipando yakumbuyo yamagalimoto onyamula omwe akhala pakati.
2. Lamba wa mfundo zitatu ndi njira yodziwika bwino kwa eni magalimoto ambiri. Amatchedwanso lamba wopendekera. Imakhala ndi makina odalirika ndipo ndi apadziko lonse lapansi (oyenera mipando yakutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa mipando mgalimoto iliyonse).
3. Malamba amiyala inayi sagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pagalimoto zamasewera, zida zapadera, ndipo nthawi zina pamagalimoto amisewu. Chingwecho chimamangirira pampando pa nsonga zinayi, kuti munthuyo asakodwe kapena kumenya mwamphamvu.
4. Malamba amiyala isanu amagwiritsidwa ntchito pama supercars okwera mtengo, komanso pomanga zoletsa za ana. Kuphatikiza pa zomangira paphewa ndi m'chiuno, palinso lamba wina pakati pa miyendo ya wokwerayo.

Migwirizano ya Ntchito

Kugwiritsa ntchito lamba wapachala ndikosavuta komanso kosavuta kwa woyendetsa komanso okwera. Komabe, ngakhale chida chophwekachi chili ndi malamulo ake ndi mawonekedwe ake.

1. Kuti muwone ngati lamba wapampando wakwanira mokwanira, ikani dzanja lanu pakati pa lamba ndi thupi lanu. Ngati pali kupanikizika koonekera padzanja, zikutanthauza kuti yatambasulidwa moyenera.
2. Osapotoza tepiyo. Kuphatikiza pa zovuta zomwe zikuwonekeratu, lamba wotere sangapangitse kuti pakhale vuto ladzidzidzi pakagwa mwadzidzidzi.
3. Ngati galimotoyo idatumizidwa kukakonza pambuyo pangozi yayikulu, funsani akatswiri othandiza kuti asamalire malamba. Chifukwa cha kukangana mwamphamvu komanso kwakuthwa, malamba amatha kutaya mphamvu. Ndizotheka kuti ziyenera kusinthidwa, komanso kuwunika kudalirika kwa kulumikiza kwa zinthu zonse za chipangizocho.
4. Kusintha malamba ampando kumalimbikitsidwanso pakuyendetsa popanda ngozi pakadutsa zaka 5 mpaka 10 chifukwa chakutha kwachilengedwe.

Oyendetsa magalimoto ambiri amayesetsa kumasula lamba kuti lisalepheretse kuyenda. Komabe, mavuto otsika mopanda malire amachepetsa kwambiri kuswa kwa chipangizocho, chifukwa mphamvu yake imachepa kwambiri.

Ziwerengerozi zikuti: ngati munthu anyalanyaza kufunika kogwiritsa lamba wapampando mgalimoto, ndiye kuti ngozi ikachitika, chiopsezo chovulala kwambiri chidzawonjezeka:

• Kawiri kawiri - kugunda pamutu;
• Nthawi 1,8 - ndi mbali;
• Nthawi 5 - pomwe galimoto idutsa.

Mseu ungakhale wosayembekezereka, chifukwa nthawi iliyonse, malamba amatha kupulumutsa moyo wanu.