Kuletsa kuleza kwa galimoto: mbiri, kapangidwe ndi upangiri

Wozizilitsa, monga mukudziwa, komanso zoletsa kuwuma, ndi kuphatikiza kwa mankhwala omwe amayenda m'njira zosiyanasiyana za galimoto, ndi cholinga chochotsa kutentha kumadera omwe amapanga kutentha, makamaka kuchokera ku injini, kuti apitirize kutentha (mpaka 90⁰C).

Malingana ngati dera la firiji likugwira ntchito moyenera, mlingo ndi khalidwe lamadzimadzi ndiloyenera - izi zidzateteza madzi kuti asafike pa kutentha pamene kutentha kumakwera.

Mbali inayi, malowo kuletsa imapewa kuzizira kwamadzi pamatentha otsika. Kuphatikiza apo, chinthu ichi chimathandizanso kuteteza zinthu mgalimoto kuti zisawonongeke ndikuletsa mapangidwe a limescale.

Mbiri ya antifreeze

Madzi anali madzimadzi oyamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu injini zoziziritsa. Komabe, panafunika kupeza njira yothetsera kuzizira. Antifreeze yoyamba yowonjezeredwa m'madzi chifukwa cha izi inali methyl alcohol, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti "wood spirit", yomwe mankhwala ake ndi CH3-OH.

Ngakhale kuti chisakanizocho chinali ndi malo oundana ocheperapo kuposa madzi, chinasiyidwa chifukwa chinapangitsa kuti chiwonongeko chiwonongeke komanso kuti chisasunthike mosavuta chifukwa makina otsegula magalimoto ankagwiritsidwa ntchito.

В Chaka cha 1959, Katswiri wamagetsi waku France Adolf Wurts anayamba ethylene glycol. Poyamba, sizinali zotchuka kwambiri, koma panthawi ya nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse idakhala ngati maziko opangira antifreeze, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'matanki ndi ndege zankhondo. Ma Antifreeze. Ngakhale njira yozizira imatha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi dziko komanso wopanga, kusakaniza koyambirira kuli motere:

• 45-75% deionized kapena demineralized madzi.
• 25-50% ethylene glycol.
• 3-8% zowonjezera (antifoam, zotetezera, mitundu, ma antioxidants, dzimbiri zoletsa, ndi zina).

Pakadali pano, mozizilitsa, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga madzi operewera 50%. Njirayi imatha kupirira kutentha kwakukulu kuchokera -37⁰C mpaka 108⁰C. Kutengera zinthu zomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga, mtundu wawo utha kugawidwa ngati organic, zochita kupanga kapena zosakanizidwa; yomalizayi imadziwikanso kuti OCT (Acid Organic Technology).

Kutsekemera m'galimoto: nthano ndi zenizeni

Chifukwa chiyani opanga amakhala ndi mitundu yowala yozizira?

Nthawi zina, madalaivala amakonda "antifreeze" ya mtundu wina, kugwirizanitsa mtundu uwu ndi khalidwe la kusakaniza. Lingaliro limeneli ndi lofala, koma ndi maganizo olakwika. Zoziziritsa kuziziritsa zimakhala zomveka ngati madzi, ndipo zoona zake n'zakuti opanga amawonjezera zopaka utoto kuti zizindikirike. Iyi ndi njira yotsatsa malonda chabe.

Komabe, mtundu wonyezimira wamadzimowo ndi wofunikira pamsonkhanowu chifukwa zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kupeza zotuluka mderalo.

Malangizo a Utumiki

Malangizo a opanga kuti ayang'ane ndikusintha m'malo mwake amadalira mawonekedwe a galimoto iliyonse, ngakhale nthawi zambiri amalangizidwa kuti ayikepo nthawi zonse (nthawi zambiri 40.000 kapena 60.000 km kapena patatha zaka ziwiri).

Komabe, muyenera kulingalira kuti muzisintha nthawi iliyonse pakusintha kwa nyengo, monga kutentha kumakwera, mwachitsanzo, madzi amatha kutuluka. Kuphatikiza apo, mfundo zotsatirazi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa:

• Ndikofunika kusankha mtundu wozizira womwe umagwirizana ndi pepala lazidziwitso ndi malingaliro a wopanga, chifukwa apo ayi mutha kuwononga galimoto.

• Ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti choziziritsa kuzizira chimataya katundu wake ndi mphamvu pakapita nthawi. Ngati kusakaniza kutayika katundu wake, injini imatha kutentha kwambiri ndipo izi zingayambitse kuwonongeka kwakukulu.

• Mulingo wozizira ukakhala wocheperako, ndizowopsa pagalimoto. Chifukwa chake, pakatuluka, ndikofunikira kupita kumsonkhano kuti mupeze chomwe chatulutsa ndikudzaza dziwe.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kutayikira ndikumavala msanga kwa mphete za O-bushings, zomwe zimauma ndikuphwanya. China chomwe chingayambitse kulephera kungakhale vuto lotayikira pachida chothandizira kuthamanga.

• Antifreeze ndi gawo lofunikira pakuziziritsa koyenera kwa injini ndi mpope wamadzi. Itha kukhala ndi chifukwa cha kusokonekera kwa injini, chifukwa cha kutaya kwa kozizira, makutidwe ndi okosijeni, kapena kusokonekera kwa imodzi. Nthawi zina, kukonza lamba wa nthawi kumathandizanso kuti mpope uwonongeke chifukwa kumangirira kwambiri lamba kumapangitsa mphamvu yozungulira, yomwe imatha kubweretsa kutuluka kwamadzimadzi kapena kuwononga masamba oyendetsa.
• Ngati ndi kotheka, onjezerani zoziziritsa. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kusakaniza zakumwa zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, chifukwa ngati izi zachitika, zidzasanduka zofiirira ndipo sizidzadziwika kuti ndi zauve kapena ndizosakanikirana chabe. Musawonjezere madzi molondola, chifukwa amatha kupanga calcium.

"Zoletsa kuwuma" pakuti galimoto ndi imodzi mwa zigawo zikuluzikulu kusunga galimoto pamalo abwino. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuganizira malingaliro aopanga zagalimoto iliyonse, kuphatikiza kuziziritsa.