Yesani kuyendetsa Alfa Spider, Mazda MX-5 ndi MGB: kulandiridwa ku kalabu

Oyendetsa misewu atatu omwe ali ndi XNUMX% yotsimikizika yosangalatsa pamsewu

Zing'onozing'ono, zopepuka komanso zamphepo, MX-5 imaphatikizapo njira yabwino ya roadster - chifukwa chokwanira kuti mutenge anthu awiri a ku Japan paulendo wapamsewu ndi zitsanzo ziwiri zokhazikitsidwa bwino zamtunduwu.

Malinga ndi ena, mtundu uwu uyenera kukhalapo kwa zaka zingapo mpaka utatenga malo ake oyenerera padziko lonse lapansi zamagalimoto zamagalimoto molingana ndi mitundu yake yakale. Komabe, timakhulupirira kuti Mazda MX-5 amafuna maganizo kwambiri - ndipo ngakhale lero. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, n'zosatheka kuti tisazindikire zoyenera za okonza ake. Chifukwa chitukuko cha galimoto mu 80s, mtundu amene amaona pafupifupi kutha zaka khumi izi, ndi umboni wa kulimba mtima kwakukulu.

Mazda MX-5 imapikisana ndimapangidwe kuyambira ma 60s.

Kumbali ina, kagulu kakang'ono ka anthu aŵiri kamene, pambuyo pa zaka khumi zachitukuko, kanayambitsidwa mu 1989 ku United States monga Miata ndipo patatha chaka chimodzi ku Ulaya monga MX-5, sanachite mantha ndi mpikisano waukulu. . Gulu lalikulu la oyendetsa msewu wa Chingerezi lakhala likuzungulira katatu kwa nthawi yaitali. Ndi Alfa Romeo ndi Fiat okha omwe akuperekabe magalimoto ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi anthu awiri otchedwa "Spider", koma nthawi zambiri amakhala m'ma 60s. Amene ali ndi ndalama zambiri angakwanitse kugula Mercedes SL (R 107), koma siinayambenso. Ndipo mawonekedwe ake owoneka bwino ali kutali ndi lingaliro loyambira la Spartan roadster monga Britain Kingdom of the Indian subcontinent.

Zachidziwikire, nthawi yakwana ya msewu wamakono, wotsika mtengo komanso wodalirika, ndipo Mazda ikuchita bwino. Mwanjira ina, ndi MX-5, asiya chilichonse chomwe chimapangitsa kuyendetsa kukhala kovuta mosafunikira. Mwachitsanzo, kulemera kwambiri. Zowonjezerapo izi ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba agalimoto zamasewera, mipando iwiri yokha ndi zida zamphamvu zamitundu yopanga.

Kupambana kwakukulu kumadabwitsa ngakhale Mazda

Ku United States, chidwi pa roadster chimayaka ngati bomba. Zomwezo zimabwerezedwa pamsika waku Germany - zomwe zimaperekedwa pachaka zimagulitsidwa mkati mwa masiku atatu. Zidzakhala zaka kuti ochita nawo mpikisano azindikire kuti ndi bizinesi yopindulitsa yanji. Kuyambira m'badwo woyamba wokhala ndi dzina lamkati NA mpaka 1998, mayunitsi 431 adagulitsidwa. Kutsitsimuka kwa ma roadsters apamwamba mosakayikira ndikoyenera kwa aku Japan.

Koma kodi MX-5 yoyamba - ngakhale idachita bwino pamalonda - ilidi ndi mikhalidwe ya woyimilira woyenera wa banja la roadster? Kuti timveketse bwino nkhaniyi, tinaitana magalimoto atatu kuti tiyende ulendo wodutsa m’mapiri a Swabian Jura. Inde, mmodzi wa iwo anayenera kukhala British. MGB, chaka chachitsanzo cha 1974, ndi njira yachikale ya purist yomwe ili ndi teknoloji yambiri yobwerera ku 50s. Pafupi naye pali Alfa Spider 2000 Fastback yakuda ya 1975 ngati yankho lachi Italiya lodziwika bwino ku mafashoni a British roadster.

MG ndi ngwazi yowoneka bwino

Makilomita oyamba kutenthetsa injini. Pomwe Mazda ndi Alfa, omwe injini zawo zili ndi ma camshafts awiri, amafotokoza mwachangu za chenjezo, chowonjezera chachitsulo chotsika chachitsulo cha MG chimatenga mphindi zingapo kuti chisinthe kuti chigwire bwino ntchito. Injini yaphokoso ya 95 cylinder overhead cam ili ndi mbiri yokhala ndi makina osamalidwa pang'ono, koma omwe sayenera kunyalanyazidwa. Mphamvu zolimba zokwana XNUMX ndi phiri la torque lomwe limayambira pamwamba pomwe osagwira ntchito. Poyerekeza ndi magalimoto a Alfa ndi Mazda, gulu lachingerezi mosakayikira ndi lachibwana - mnyamata wochokera pachilumbachi akumveka movutikira, wokhotakhota komanso wovuta kwambiri.

Chifukwa chake, injini ikufanana bwino ndi mawonekedwe a galimotoyo. Model B sikuwoneka kuti imasamala za ma aerodynamics kapena zina zamakono. Ndi mawonekedwe opanda zokongoletsa zosafunikira, munthu uyu amasankha kunyoza poyatsira magudumu a radiator motsutsana ndi mayendedwe amlengalenga, omwe, kuphatikiza ndi nyali zozungulira ndi nyanga ziwiri pa bampala, amapatsa nkhope yake mawonekedwe oyipa pang'ono.

Maonekedwe a woyendetsa ndege woyendetsa MG ndi osiyana kwambiri. Amakondwera ngati mwana patsogolo pa tebulo ndi mphatso, zomwe, chifukwa cha mzere wochepa wa chiuno ndi galasi laling'ono, zimamulola kuti akhale pamphepo. Zilibe kanthu kwa iye kuti pakugwa mvula mwadzidzidzi amanyowa mpaka fupa, chifukwa mphunzitsiyo amatambasula ngati hema wa anyamata Scouts khumi ndi awiri. Kapenanso, m'mbuyomu, palibe amene amaganiza za tanthauzo ndi cholinga cha zinthu monga kutentha kapena mpweya wabwino. Monga wokonda roadster, amatha kudutsa zambiri.

Nayenso munthu amene ali kumbuyo kwa gudumuyo amayang'ana pansi pa bolodi lokongola modabwitsa lopangidwa ndi lacquer pomwe, mosasamala kanthu za magwero a masamba a ekseli yakumbuyo, galimoto yake imagwira ngodya zolimba, ngati kuti mwanjira ina imamangiriridwa panjira. Dzanja lake lamanja limakhala pachingwe cha giya chachifupi kwambiri - ndipo akudziwa kuti ali ndi imodzi mwama gearbox abwino kwambiri omwe adayikidwapo mgalimoto. Mukufuna kusuntha ndi sitiroko yayifupi komanso yokwera kwambiri? Ndizothekanso patapita zaka zambiri ndi MX-5, koma tidzakambirana pambuyo pake.

Alpha mphamvu? Zachidziwikire kukongola kwake

Mosiyana ndi MG yokhala ndi zovundikira kutsogolo kwake komanso zovundikira za plexiglass, Alfa Spider imakupatsani moni ndikumwetulira ndikupambana mtima wanu ndi chithumwa chake chakumwera osati kuwukira mwachindunji. Choyambitsidwa mu 1970, m'badwo wachiwiri wa Spider, wotchedwa Coda tronca (mchira waufupi) ku Italy, unkakondedwa kwambiri kuposa momwe unayambira pansi. Mumamva ngati pangano mumsewu wa Alfa Romeo kuposa mu MG, maso anu amakopeka ndi zowongolera zamtundu wa ayisikilimu komanso ma dials atatu owonjezera pakatikati - ndipo guru akhoza, ngati gawo limodzi la maloboti. Kuvuta kwa kangaude wa English roadster kumawoneka ngati kwachilendo kwa Spider, koma mwina mwina ndi chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa zaka pakati pa zitsanzo ziwirizi.

Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti ndi injini ya 2000 cc. Onani pansi pa nyumba ya Alfa iyi, motsimikizika kuti ndi mphamvu yolimbikitsa kwambiri yomwe ilipo mkati mwa mibadwo inayi yopanga kangaude pakati pa 1966 ndi 1993. Mavoti amagetsi amasiyanasiyana malinga ndi wopanga ndi dziko; ku Germany malinga ndi DIN inali 132 hp, ndipo kuyambira 1975 125 hp yokha.

Ngakhale gasi woyamba wosadziwika bwino amayambitsa mkokomo wowopsa wagawo lokhala ndi ma camshaft awiri apamwamba. Mnzako uyu samangokhalira kusokoneza, komanso akugwira zolimba. Pa nthawi yomweyo idling mpaka pafupifupi 5000 rpm. Makhalidwe amphamvu a injini ya XNUMX-lita ndi abwino kwa makina onse - okhoza kusuntha mwamphamvu, koma popanda kufunikira kosintha pafupipafupi. Ndipo ndicho chinthu chabwino, chifukwa njira za lever kuchokera ku giya imodzi kupita kwina zimatha kuwoneka zopanda malire, osati kungoyang'ana dalaivala wa MGB. Komabe, mu kupotoza kwa Swabian Jurassic, English roadster imakhalabe yolimba kumbuyo kwa Spider ngakhale kuti ili ndi mphamvu zochepa. Pokhapokha, Alpha amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mwayi wawung'ono: anayi m'malo mwa mabuleki awiri.

Roadster akumva mu MX-5

Zikafika pa mpikisano weniweni, MX-5 imatha kupezera ena onse pamapazi athunthu. Ndipo ngakhale injini yake ya malita 1,6 ndi 90 hp yokha. ofooka kwambiri pamwamba atatu. Komabe, pa 955kg, galimotoyi ndiyopepuka kwambiri pamatatuwa, komanso ili ndi chiwongolero chomwe chimakhala chamanjenje pang'ono koma chimagwira ntchito mopitilira muyeso. Ndi chithandizo chake, galimoto yaying'ono yonyamula anthu awiri nthawi zonse imatha kubweretsedwa komwe dalaivala akufuna kukhala asanalowe mpando wina. Chifukwa chake MX-5 imamatira pamseu poyendetsa.

M'katikati mwa roadster, MX-5 imangolekera pazofunikira: liwiro, tachometer ndi gauges zazing'ono zitatu, komanso ma levers atatu kumanja ndi zowongolera ziwiri za mpweya wabwino ndi zotenthetsera. Dengalo ndilotsekedwa pamanja, koma kwa masekondi 20 okha, komanso, lili ndi mbiri yoti silimatha madzi mvula. Woyendetsa amakhala pang'ono pamseu ndipo mwina akusangalala ndi kuti bokosi la MX-5 lili ndi liwiro lalifupi kwambiri kuposa ma gearbox a MGB.

Zikuwoneka kuti ndizosatheka kuzindikira kuti MX-5 ndiyopitilira bwino lingaliro loyambirira la roadster ndikuilandila pagulu lazitsanzo zapamwamba. Amayenera kutero.

Pomaliza

Mkonzi Michael Schroeder: Mutha kuyendetsa MX-5 ndichisangalalo chofanana ndi MGB (kulemera kopepuka, chisisi chachikulu, mphepo mumutu mwanu) osapereka moyo wabwino komanso wamtendere wa moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa Alfa Romeo (kukweza mwachangu guru, mpweya wabwino ndi kutenthetsa). Chifukwa chake, opanga Mazda adatha kutanthauziranso zabwino zonse za roadster wakale ndikupanga galimoto yomwe mosakayikira ili ndi mikhalidwe yoyenera kuti ikhale yotsogola.

Zambiri zaukadaulo

Alfa Romeo Spider 2000 Fastback

InjiniInjini yotentha yamadzi inline-in-line injini yamagetsi, mutu wa alloy, block crockhaft yayikulu, ma camshafts awiri oyendetsedwa ndi ma duplex, mavavu awiri opitilira pa silinda, ma carburettors awiri a Weber

Ntchito voliyumu: 1962 cm³

Bore x Stroke: 84 x 88,5mm

Mphamvu: 125 hp pa 5300 rpm

Zolemba malire. makokedwe: 178 Nm @ 4400 rpm

Kuponderezana: 9,0: 1

Mafuta a injini 5,7 l

Kutumiza mphamvuGudumu lamagudumu, mbale yowuma ya mbale imodzi, ma gearbox othamanga asanu.

Thupi ndi chisisi

Thupi lazitsulo lokhalokha, chowongolera nyongolotsi kapena chiwongolero cha mpira, mabuleki amaso kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo

Kutsogolo: kuyimitsidwa kodziyimira pawokha ndi mamembala amtanda, akasupe a coil ndi stabilizer, zoyeserera zozimitsa telescopic.

Kumbuyo: chitsulo chogwira matayala okhwima, matabwa kotenga nthawi, T-mtengo, koyilo akasupe, telescopic absorbers mantha.

Mawilo: 5½ J14

Matayala: 165 HR 14.

Makulidwe ndi kulemera

Kutalika x m'lifupi x kutalika: 4120 x 1630 x 1290 mm

Wheelbase: 2250 mm

Kulemera kwake: 1040kg

Kuchita kwamphamvu ndi mtengo wakeLiwiro lalikulu: 193,5 km / h

Mathamangitsidwe kuchokera 0 mpaka 100 Km / h: 9,8 gawo.

Kugwiritsa ntchito: 10,8 malita 95 mafuta pa 100 km.

Nthawi yopanga ndi kufalitsa

Pano pali 1966 mpaka 1993, Duetto mpaka 1970, pafupifupi 15; Kubwerera m'mbuyo mu 000, pafupifupi makope 1983; Aerodinamica chaka cha 31 chisanafike, pafupifupi makope 000; Mndandanda 1989 za zitsanzo 37.

Mazda MX-5 1.6 / 1.8, mtundu NA

Injini

Makina ozizira amadzi ozizira anayi pamizere inayi yopindika, imvi yazitsulo, mutu wa alloy silinda, chopingasa chokhala ndi mayendedwe asanu, mabala awiri oyendetsedwa ndi ma camshafts, mavavu anayi pa silinda yoyendetsedwa ndi ma jiki amagetsi, pamagetsi mafuta, chothandizira

Kusamuka: 1597/1839 cm³

Anabereka x Stroke: 78 x 83,6 / 83 x 85mm

Mphamvu: 90/115/130 hp pa 6000/6500 rpm

Max. makokedwe: 130/135/155 Nm pa 4000/5500/4500 rpm

Kuponderezana: 9 / 9,4 / 9,1: 1.

Kutumiza mphamvu

Gudumu lamagudumu, mbale yowuma ya mbale imodzi, ma gearbox othamanga asanu.

Thupi ndi chisisiThupi lokhazikika lazitsulo, mabuleki amiyala inayi. Pachithandara ndi Mphamvu chiwongolero System

Kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo: kuyimitsidwa kodziyimira pawokha ndi magudumu awiri opingasa oyenda, ma coil akasupe, zoyatsira ma telescopic ndi ma stabilizers.

Mawilo: zotayidwa, 5½ J 14

Matayala: 185/60 R 14.

Makulidwe ndi kulemera Kutalika x m'lifupi x kutalika: 3975 x 1675 x 1230 mm

Wheelbase: 2265 mm

Kulemera kwake: 955 kg, thanki 45 l.

Kuchita kwamphamvu ndi mtengo wake

Liwiro lalikulu: 175/195/197 km / h

Mathamangitsidwe kuchokera 0 mpaka 100 Km / h: 10,5 / 8,8 / 8,5 s

Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta 8/9 malita 91/95 pa 100 km.

Nthawi yopanga ndi kufalitsaKuyambira 1989 mpaka 1998 mitundu ya Mazda MX-5 NA, 433 yonse.

MGB

InjiniInjini yotentha yamphamvu inayi pamizere inayi yopindika, imvi yamtengo wapatali yachitsulo, chimbalangondo chisanachitike 1964 chokhala ndi zitatu, kenako mabowo asanu, kabasi kamodzi kothamangitsidwa ndi unyolo wa nthawi, mavavu awiri pa silinda yoyendetsedwa ndi hoist , Kukweza ndodo ndi rocker, ma carburetors awiri owongoka SU XC 4

Ntchito voliyumu: 1798 cm³

Bore x Stroke: 80,3 x 88,9mm

Mphamvu: 95 hp pa 5400 rpm

Zolemba malire. makokedwe: 144 Nm @ 3000 rpm

Kuponderezana: 8,8: 1

Mafuta a injini: 3,4 / 4,8 l.

Kutumiza mphamvu

Gudumu lamagalimoto kumbuyo, mbale yowuma ya mbale imodzi, bokosi lamagiya anayi othamanga, mosakondera ndikuchita mopitirira muyeso.

Thupi ndi chisisiThupi lazitsulo lodzilimbitsa lokha, chimbale chakumaso, mabuleki ammbuyo kumbuyo, poyatsira ndi ma pinion

Kutsogolo: kuyimitsidwa pawokha pamiyendo iwiri yakukhumba, akasupe a coil ndi okhazikika

Kumbuyo: chitsulo chogwira matayala cholimba chokhala ndi akasupe amasamba, zolumikizira zopumira pama matayala onse anayi Mawilo: 4½ J 14

Matayala: 5,60 x 14.

Makulidwe ndi kulemera Kutalika x m'lifupi x kutalika: 3890 x 1520 x 1250 mm

Wheelbase: 2310 mm

Kulemera kwake: 961kg

Sitima: 55 l.

Kuchita kwamphamvu ndi mtengo wakeLiwiro lalikulu: 172 km / h

Mathamangitsidwe kuchokera 0 mpaka 100 Km / h: 12,6 gawo.

Kugwiritsa ntchito: 10 malita 95 mafuta pa 100 km.

Nthawi yopanga ndi kufalitsaKuyambira 1962 mpaka 1980, 512 adapangidwa, omwe 243 anali oyendetsa misewu.

Zolemba: Michael Schroeder

Chithunzi: Arturo Rivas