Njira zoyeserera zoyendetsa: GAWO 2 - Magalimoto
Mayeso Oyendetsa

Njira zoyeserera zoyendetsa: GAWO 2 - Magalimoto

Njira zoyeserera zoyendetsa: GAWO 2 - Magalimoto

Ngati muli ndi mwayi wouluka ku Western Siberia usiku, kudzera pazenera mudzawona zowoneka bwino, zokumbutsa chipululu cha Kuwaiti pambuyo poti gulu lankhondo la Saddam lituluke pankhondo yoyamba ku Iraq. Malowa ali ndi "miuni" yayikulu yoyaka, zomwe zikuwonetseratu kuti opanga mafuta ambiri aku Russia amawaganizirabe gasi wachilengedwe monga chinthu chopangidwa kuchokera kwina komanso chosafunikira pakupeza minda yamafuta ...

Akatswiri akukhulupirira kuti zonyansazi zidzathetsedwa posachedwa. Kwa zaka zambiri, gasi wachilengedwe amaonedwa kuti ndi wochuluka ndipo amatenthedwa kapena kungotulutsidwa m'mlengalenga. Akuyerekeza kuti pakadali pano Saudi Arabia yokha yataya kapena kuwotcha ma gicubic mita opitilira 450 miliyoni a mafuta achilengedwe popanga mafuta ...

Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ndondomekoyi imasinthidwa - makampani ambiri amakono amafuta akhala akugwiritsa ntchito mpweya wachilengedwe kwa nthawi yaitali, pozindikira kufunika kwa mankhwalawa ndi kufunikira kwake, zomwe zingangowonjezereka m'tsogolomu. Kawonedwe kazinthu kameneka kamakhala kodziwika kwambiri ku United States, komwe, mosiyana ndi nkhokwe zamafuta zomwe zatha kale, palinso ma depositi akuluakulu a gasi. Zotsirizirazi zimangowonekera m'mafakitale a dziko lalikulu, ntchito yomwe sitingathe kuiganizira popanda magalimoto, ndipo makamaka popanda magalimoto akuluakulu ndi mabasi. Pali makampani ochulukirachulukira oyendera kunja komwe akukweza injini za dizilo zamagalimoto awo kuti azigwira ntchito limodzi ndi gasi-dizilo komanso mafuta abuluu okha. Zombo zochulukirachulukira zikusintha kupita ku gasi.

Potsutsana ndi mtengo wamafuta amadzimadzi, mtengo wa methane umamveka bwino, ndipo ambiri ayamba kukayikira kuti pali nsomba pano - ndipo ndi chifukwa chomveka. Poganizira kuti mphamvu ya kilogalamu ya methane ndi yoposa kilogalamu imodzi ya petulo, ndipo lita imodzi ya petulo (i.e. cubic decimeter) ya petulo imalemera zosakwana kilogalamu, aliyense anganene kuti kilogalamu imodzi ya methane ili ndi zambiri. mphamvu kuposa lita imodzi ya mafuta. N'zoonekeratu kuti ngakhale popanda kuphatikizika kwa manambala ndi kusiyana kosadziwika bwino, kuyendetsa galimoto yomwe ikuyenda pa gasi kapena methane idzakuwonongerani ndalama zocheperapo kusiyana ndi kuyendetsa galimoto yogwiritsira ntchito mafuta.

Koma apa pali "KOMA" chachikulu ... chodabwitsa kuchokera ku kangaroo kupita kumapiri a pine Rhodope? Yankho la funso lodziwika bwino limeneli silinaperekedwe chifukwa chakuti makampani opanga gasi padziko lonse lapansi akukula mofulumira kwambiri ndipo panopa amaonedwa kuti ndi njira yabwino kwambiri kuposa mafuta amadzimadzi. Ukadaulo wa injini ya haidrojeni ukadali ndi tsogolo losatsimikizika, kasamalidwe ka ma silinda a injini za haidrojeni ndizovuta kwambiri, ndipo njira yachuma yochotsera haidrojeni yoyera sichidziwika bwino. Potengera izi, tsogolo la methane ndiloti, kunena mofatsa, lowala - makamaka popeza pali ma depositi akuluakulu a gasi m'mayiko otetezeka pazandale, matekinoloje atsopano (otchulidwa m'nkhani yapitayi ya cryogenic liquefaction ndi kusintha kwa mankhwala a gasi achilengedwe kukhala zamadzimadzi) zikukhala zotsika mtengo, pomwe mtengo wazinthu zapamwamba za hydrocarbon ukukula. Osatchulanso kuti methane ili ndi mwayi uliwonse wokhala gwero lalikulu la haidrojeni pama cell amafuta am'tsogolo.

Chifukwa chenicheni chakusiya kwa ma hydrocarbon mpweya ngati mafuta agalimoto akadali mitengo yotsika yamafuta kwazaka zambiri, zomwe zalimbikitsa chitukuko chaukadaulo wamagalimoto ndi zomangamanga zokhudzana ndi mayendedwe amsewu popereka mphamvu zama injini zama petulo ndi dizilo. Kutengera momwe izi zakhalira, kuyesa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta amafuta sikungokhala kwakanthawi komanso kochepa.

Ngakhale nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse itatha, kuchepa kwa mafuta amadzimadzi ku Germany kudapangitsa kuti magalimoto omwe ali ndi zida zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito gasi achilengedwe, omwe, ngakhale ali achikale kwambiri, amasiyana pang'ono ndi machitidwe omwe amatekisi aku Bulgaria masiku ano. kuchokera pamagetsi amagetsi ndi ma reducer. Mafuta a gasi adayamba kufunikira kwambiri pamavuto awiri amafuta mu 1973 ndi 1979-80, komabe ngakhale titha kungolankhula zazing'onoting'ono zomwe sizinadziwike ndipo sizinapangitse chitukuko chachikulu mderali. Kwa zaka zopitilira makumi awiri chichitikireni vutoli, mitengo yamafuta yakhala yotsika, ikufika pamitengo yotsika kwambiri mu 1986 ndi 1998 pa $ 10 mbiya. Zikuwonekeratu kuti izi sizingakhale ndi mphamvu pamitundu ina yamafuta ...

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 11, msika uli pang'onopang'ono koma mosakayikira ukupita kwina. Kuyambira pomwe zigawenga za 2001 Seputembala XNUMX zakhala zikuchitika pang'onopang'ono koma mosasunthika pamitengo yamafuta, yomwe ikupitilizabe kukwera chifukwa chakuwonjezeka kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi China ndi India komanso zovuta kupeza madipoziti atsopano. Komabe, makampani amgalimoto ndi ovuta kwambiri panjira yopanga unyinji wamagalimoto omwe amasinthidwa kuti azitha kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta amagetsi. Zifukwa zovutikira izi zimatha kupezeka m'malingaliro a ogula ambiri, azolowera zamafuta amadzimadzi achikhalidwe (kwa azungu, mwachitsanzo, mafuta a dizilo amakhalabe njira ina yeniyeni m'malo mwa mafuta), komanso pakufunika ndalama zochulukirapo pazinthu zama payipi. ndi malo opangira compressor. Izi zikawonjezeredwa pamakina osavuta komanso okwera mtengo osungira mafuta (makamaka gasi wothinikizidwa) mgalimoto momwemo, chithunzi chachikulu chimayamba kuwonekera.

Kumbali inayi, magetsi opangira magetsi a gasi akukhala osiyanasiyana komanso amatsata ukadaulo wa anzawo amafuta. Odyetsa gasi amagwiritsa ntchito zida zamakono zamakono kuti azibaya mafuta mumadzimadzi (akadali osowa) kapena gasi. Palinso mitundu yochulukirachulukira yamagalimoto opanga fakitale omwe amayikidwa kuti apereke gasi wokhazikika kapena kuthekera kwapawiri gasi / petulo. Kuchulukirachulukira, mwayi wina wamafuta a gasi ukuzindikirika - chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala, mpweya umadzaza ndi okosijeni, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mpweya woipa wamafuta otulutsa magalimoto omwe amawagwiritsa ntchito ndi otsika kwambiri.

Chiyambi chatsopano

Komabe, kupita patsogolo pamsika kudzafuna chilimbikitso chandalama cholunjika komanso chachindunji kwa ogwiritsa ntchito gasi wachilengedwe ngati mafuta amgalimoto. Pofuna kukopa makasitomala, ogulitsa methane ku Germany akupereka kale ogula magalimoto a gasi ndi mabonasi apadera, omwe nthawi zina amaoneka ngati osakhulupilika - mwachitsanzo, kampani yogawa gasi ya Hamburg imabweza anthu omwe amagula gasi. magalimoto kuchokera kwa ogulitsa ena kwa nyengo ya chaka chimodzi. Zomwe zimafunikira kwa wogwiritsa ntchito ndikumatira zomata zotsatsa za wothandizira pagalimoto yawo...

Chifukwa chomwe gasi wachilengedwe ku Germany ndi Bulgaria (m'maiko onse awiri gasi wochulukirapo amachokera ku Russia ndi mapaipi) ndi otsika mtengo kuposa mafuta ena, ayenera kufunidwa m'malo angapo ovomerezeka. Mtengo wamsika wa gasi umagwirizana bwino ndi mtengo wamafuta: mtengo wamafuta ukakwera, momwemonso mtengo wamafuta achilengedwe, koma kusiyana kwamitengo yamafuta ndi gasi kwa ogula omaliza makamaka chifukwa cha misonkho yotsika yachilengedwe. gasi. Ku Germany, mwachitsanzo, mtengo wa gasi umakhazikitsidwa mwalamulo mpaka 2020, ndipo ndondomeko ya "kukonza" ili motere: panthawiyi, mtengo wa gasi ukhoza kukula pamodzi ndi mtengo wa mafuta, koma ubwino wake wofanana. pa magwero ena mphamvu ayenera kukhalabe pa mlingo wokhazikika. Zikuwonekeratu kuti ndi malamulo ovomerezeka otere, mitengo yotsika komanso kusakhalapo kwa zovuta zilizonse pomanga "ma injini a gasi", vuto lokhalo la kukula kwa msikawu limakhalabe gulu losatukuka la malo opangira mafuta - ku Germany. Mwachitsanzo, pali mfundo 300 zokha, ndipo ku Bulgaria kuli zambiri.

Chiyembekezo chodzaza kuchepa kwachitukukochi chikuwoneka bwino pakali pano - ku Germany, bungwe la Erdgasmobil ndi chimphona chamafuta ku France TotalFinaElf akufuna kuyika ndalama zambiri pomanga masiteshoni atsopano zikwi zingapo, ndipo ku Bulgaria makampani angapo atenga zofanana. ntchito. N'zotheka kuti posachedwa dziko lonse la Ulaya lidzagwiritsa ntchito maukonde otukuka omwewo a malo odzaza mafuta achilengedwe komanso opangidwa ndi mafuta otsekemera monga ogula ku Italy ndi Netherlands - mayiko omwe chitukuko chawo m'derali takuuzani m'nkhani yapitayi.

Honda Civic GX

Pa Frankfurt Motor Show mu 1997, Honda adayambitsa Civic GX, ponena kuti inali galimoto yabwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Zinapezeka kuti mawu ofunitsitsa a ku Japan si njira ina yotsatsa malonda, koma chowonadi choyera, chomwe chimakhalabe chofunikira mpaka lero, ndipo chikhoza kuwonedwa muzochita mu kope laposachedwa la Civic GX. Galimotoyi idapangidwa kuti iziyenda pa gasi wokha, ndipo injiniyo idapangidwa kuti igwiritse ntchito bwino ma octane apamwamba amafuta a gaseous. N'zosadabwitsa kuti magalimoto amtunduwu masiku ano amatha kupereka mpweya wochepa kwambiri kusiyana ndi zomwe zimafunikira pachuma chamtsogolo cha Euro 5 European, kapena 90% kutsika kuposa US ULEVs (Ultra Low Emission Vehicles). . Injini ya Honda imayenda bwino kwambiri, ndipo chiŵerengero chapamwamba cha 12,5: 1 chimapereka mphamvu yamtengo wapatali wamtengo wapatali wa gasi wachilengedwe poyerekeza ndi mafuta. Tanki ya 120-lita imapangidwa ndi zinthu zophatikizika, ndipo mafuta ofanana ndi 6,9 malita. Dongosolo lodziwika bwino la VTEC lodziwika bwino la Honda la VTEC limagwira ntchito bwino ndi mawonekedwe apadera amafuta ndikupititsa patsogolo kuchuluka kwa injini. Chifukwa cha kutsika kwamoto wa gasi wachilengedwe komanso kuti mafuta ndi "ouma" ndipo alibe mafuta opangira mafuta, mipando ya valve imapangidwa ndi ma alloys apadera osagwira kutentha. Ma pistoni amapangidwanso ndi zinthu zamphamvu, chifukwa gasi sangaziziritse masilindala akamasanduka nthunzi ngati mafuta.

Mapaipi a Honda GX mu gawo la gasi amabayidwa ndi gasi, womwe ndi wokulirapo nthawi 770 kuposa kuchuluka kwamafuta ofanana. Vuto lalikulu laukadaulo la akatswiri a Honda anali kupanga majekeseni oyenerera kuti azigwira ntchito m'mikhalidwe yotere ndi zofunikira - kuti akwaniritse mphamvu zokwanira, majekeseni ayenera kulimbana ndi ntchito yovuta ya nthawi imodzi yoperekera mpweya wofunikira, womwe, makamaka, mafuta amadzimadzi amabayidwa. Ili ndi vuto la injini zonse zamtunduwu, chifukwa gasi amakhala ndi voliyumu yokulirapo, amachotsa mpweya wina ndipo amafunikira jekeseni mwachindunji m'zipinda zoyaka.

Mu 1997 yemweyo, Fiat anasonyeza ofanana Honda GX chitsanzo. Mtundu wa "bivalent" wa Marea utha kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu iwiri yamafuta - mafuta ndi gasi, ndipo gasi amapopedwa ndi yachiwiri, yodziyimira pawokha mafuta. Injini nthawi zonse imayamba pamafuta amadzimadzi kenako imasinthiratu kukhala gasi. Injini ya 1,6-lita ili ndi mphamvu ya 93 hp. ndi mafuta a gasi ndi 103 hp. Ndi. pamene ntchito mafuta. Kwenikweni, injini imayenda makamaka pa gasi, kupatula pamene yotsirizirayo ikutha kapena dalaivala ali ndi chikhumbo chomveka chogwiritsa ntchito mafuta. Mwatsoka, "awiri chikhalidwe" cha mphamvu bivalent salola ntchito mokwanira ubwino wa mkulu-octane gasi. Fiat ikupanga mtundu wa Mulipla ndi mtundu uwu wa PSU.

Popita nthawi, mitundu yofananira idawonekera mu Opel (Astra ndi Zafira Bi Fuel yamitundu ya LPG ndi CNG), PSA (Peugeot 406 LPG ndi Citroen Xantia LPG) ndi VW (Golf Bifuel). Volvo imawerengedwa kuti ndi yakale m'derali, yopanga mitundu ya S60, V70 ndi S80, yomwe imatha kuyendetsa gasi lachilengedwe komanso biogas ndi LPG. Magalimoto onsewa ali ndi makina ojambulira gasi ogwiritsira ntchito miphuno yapadera, njira zamagetsi zoyendetsedwa ndi zamagetsi ndi zida zamagetsi zogwirizana ndi mafuta monga mavavu ndi ma pistoni. Matanki a mafuta a CNG adapangidwa kuti azitha kupirira kukakamira kwa 700 bar, ngakhale kuti mpweya womwewo umasungidwa pamenepo mopanikizika ndi bar 200.

Bmw

BMW ndiwodziwika bwino woyimira mafuta okhazikika ndipo yakhala ikupanga zida zamagetsi zosiyanasiyana zamagalimoto okhala ndi njira zina kwazaka zambiri. Kubwerera kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 90, kampani ya Bavaria inapanga zitsanzo za mndandanda wa 316g ndi 518g, zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito gasi wachilengedwe ngati mafuta. Pazitukuko zake zaposachedwa, kampaniyo idaganiza zoyesa matekinoloje atsopano ndipo, limodzi ndi gulu lozizira la Germany Linde, kampani yamafuta ya Aral ndi kampani yamagetsi ya E.ON Energy, adapanga projekiti yogwiritsa ntchito mpweya wamadzimadzi. Ntchitoyi ikukula m'njira ziwiri: yoyamba ndikupangira zida za hydrogen, ndipo yachiwiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito gasi wachilengedwe. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa liquefied haidrojeni kumaonedwa kuti ndi luso lodalirika, lomwe tidzakambirana pambuyo pake, koma dongosolo losungirako ndi kugwiritsa ntchito gasi lachilengedwe ndilowona ndipo likhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito mumakampani oyendetsa galimoto m'zaka zingapo zotsatira.

Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, mpweya wachilengedwe umakhazikika mpaka kutentha kwa -161 madigiri ndikusungunuka pakumenyedwa kwa bar ya 6-10, ndikudutsa gawo lamadzi. Thankiyo imakhala yaying'ono kwambiri komanso yopepuka poyerekeza ndi ma petulo ampweya wamagesi ndipo imakhala ngati cryogenic thermos yopangidwa ndi zinthu zoteteza kwambiri. Tithokoze ukadaulo wamakono wa Linde, ngakhale ali ndi makoma owonda komanso owoneka ochepa, methane yamadzi imatha kusungidwa mderali milungu iwiri popanda mavuto, ngakhale nyengo yotentha komanso osafunikira firiji. Malo oyambitsirana oyamba a LNG, omwe akumangidwa omwe € 400 adayikidwapo, akugwira kale ntchito ku Munich.

Njira zoyaka zamafuta amagetsi amagetsi

Monga tanenera kale, gasi ali makamaka methane, ndi liquefied petroleum mpweya - propane ndi butane mu milingo yomwe zimadalira nyengo. Pamene kulemera kwa molekyulu kumawonjezeka, kukana kwa paraffinic (yowongoka-chain) mankhwala a hydrocarbon monga methane, ethane, ndi propane kumachepa, mamolekyu amasweka mosavuta, ndipo peroxides zambiri zimawunjikana. Choncho, injini za dizilo zimagwiritsa ntchito mafuta a dizilo m'malo mwa mafuta, chifukwa kutentha kwa autoignition kumakhala kotsika kale.

Methane ili ndi kuchuluka kwa haidrojeni / kaboni kuposa ma hydrocarbon onse, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kulemera kwake, methane imakhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri pakati pa ma hydrocarbon. Malongosoledwe a izi ndi ovuta ndipo amafunikira chidziwitso cha umagwirira ndi mphamvu za maubale, chifukwa chake sitichita izi. Zokwanira kunena kuti molekyulu yokhazikika ya methane imapereka nambala ya octane pafupifupi 130.

Pachifukwa ichi, kuyaka kwa methane ndikotsika kwambiri kuposa mafuta, mamolekyulu ang'onoang'ono amalola methane kuwotcha kwathunthu, ndipo gaseous yake imabweretsa kutsika pang'ono kwamafuta kuchokera pamakoma amiyala muma injini ozizira poyerekeza ndi zosakaniza zamafuta. ... Propane, nayenso, ali ndi octane rating of 112, omwe akadali apamwamba kuposa mafuta ambiri. Zosakanikirana zoyipa za mpweya zimayaka kutentha pang'ono kuposa mafuta, koma zolemera zimatha kubweretsa kutentha kwa injini, chifukwa propane ilibe mafuta ozizira chifukwa cholowa muzitsulo zamagetsi.

Vutoli lathetsedwa kale pogwiritsa ntchito machitidwe ndi jekeseni wamadzimadzi a propane. Chifukwa propane imasungunuka mosavuta, n'zosavuta kupanga makina osungira m'galimoto, ndipo palibe chifukwa chotenthetsera madzi ambiri chifukwa propane sichimafanana ndi mafuta. Izi zimawonjezera mphamvu ya injini ya thermodynamic, komwe kumakhala kotetezeka kugwiritsa ntchito ma thermostats omwe amasunga kutentha kocheperako. Choyipa chokha chamafuta opangira mpweya ndikuti methane kapena propane sizimakhudza ma valve otulutsa mpweya, kotero akatswiri amati ndi "mafuta owuma" omwe ndi abwino kwa mphete za pistoni koma zoyipa mavavu. Simungadalire mpweya kuti upereke zowonjezera zowonjezera ku masilinda a injini, koma injini zomwe zikuyenda pamafutawa safuna zowonjezera zambiri monga injini zamafuta. Kuwongolera kosakanikirana ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pamainjini agasi, chifukwa kusakaniza kolemera kumabweretsa kutentha kwa gasi ndi kuchuluka kwa ma valve, pomwe zosakaniza zosakanizika zimabweretsa vuto pochepetsa kuyaka kotsika kale, komwe kumafunikiranso kuti ma valve atenthedwe. The psinjika chiŵerengero mu injini propane mosavuta ziwonjezeke ndi mayunitsi awiri kapena atatu, ndi methane - kwambiri. Kuwonjezeka kumeneku kwa ma nitrogen oxides kumachepetsedwa ndi mpweya wochepa kwambiri. Kusakaniza koyenera kwa propane ndi "zosauka" pang'ono - 15,5: 1 (mpweya ku mafuta) motsutsana ndi 14,7: 1 ya petulo, ndipo izi zimaganiziridwa popanga ma evaporators, zipangizo za metering kapena jekeseni. Chifukwa propane ndi methane onse ndi mpweya, injini safunika kuchulukitsa zosakaniza panthawi yozizira kapena kuthamanga.

Kuwotcha kumawerengeredwa pamapindikira osiyana ndi injini zamafuta - potsika rpm, kuyatsa kuyenera kukhala kokulirapo chifukwa chakuyaka pang'onopang'ono kwa methane ndi propane, koma pa liwiro lalikulu, injini zamafuta zimafunikira kuwonjezeka kwambiri. kusakaniza (kuwotcha kwa mafuta a petulo kumachepetsedwa chifukwa cha nthawi yochepa ya machitidwe a moto - ndiko kuti, mapangidwe a peroxides). Ndicho chifukwa chake makina oyendetsa magetsi a magetsi a gasi ali ndi ndondomeko yosiyana kwambiri.

Methane ndi propane amawonjezeranso zofunika pa ma electrode okwera kwambiri a spark plug - chosakaniza "chouma" ndi "chovuta" kuboola kuposa spark chifukwa ndi electrolyte yocheperako. Chifukwa chake, mtunda wapakati pa ma elekitirodi a ma spark plug oyenerera injini zotere nthawi zambiri umakhala wosiyana, voteji imakhala yokwera, ndipo nthawi zambiri nkhani ya ma spark plugs ndizovuta komanso zobisika kuposa zamainjini amafuta. Ma probe a Lambda amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mainjini amakono a gasi kuti azitha kusakaniza bwino kwambiri potengera mtundu. Kukhala ndi zida zoyatsira pamakhotedwe awiri osiyana ndikofunikira makamaka pamagalimoto okhala ndi makina abivalent (a gasi ndi mafuta achilengedwe), popeza maukonde ochepa omwe amadzazitsa gasi nthawi zambiri amafuna kugwiritsa ntchito mokakamiza mafuta.

Kupaka kokwanira kwa gasi wachilengedwe ndi pafupifupi 16: 1, ndipo mpweya wabwino wamafuta ndi 16,5: 1. udzataya pafupifupi 15% ya mphamvu zake. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito gasi, kuchuluka kwa carbon monoxide (CO) ndi ma hydrocarbons (HC) mumipweya yotulutsa kumachepetsedwa ndi 90%, ndi ma nitrogen oxides (NOx) pafupifupi 70% poyerekeza ndi mpweya wamafuta wamba. Nthawi yosinthira mafuta pamainjini agasi nthawi zambiri imawirikiza kawiri.

Mafuta dizilo

M'zaka zingapo zapitazi, njira zopatsira mafuta pamafuta awiri zatchuka kwambiri. Ndikufulumira kuzindikira kuti sitikunena za ma injini "oyenda" omwe amayenda mosinthana ndi gasi kapena petulo ndikukhala ndi mapulagi, koma za makina apadera a dizilo omwe gawo lina la mafuta a dizilo limalowetsedwa ndi mpweya wachilengedwe woperekedwa ndi magetsi osiyana. Njira imeneyi idakhazikitsidwa ndi injini za dizilo.

Mfundo yogwira ntchito imachokera ku mfundo yakuti methane imakhala ndi kutentha kwapadera kuposa madigiri a 600 - i.e. pamwamba pa kutentha pafupifupi 400-500 madigiri kumapeto kwa injini dizilo psinjika mkombero. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kusakaniza kwa mpweya wa methane sikungoyaka yokha ikaunikizidwa mu masilindala, ndipo jekeseni ya dizilo yomwe imayaka pafupifupi madigiri 350, imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati spark plug. Dongosololi limatha kuyenda kwathunthu pa methane, koma pakadali pano pangakhale kofunikira kukhazikitsa makina amagetsi ndi spark plug. Nthawi zambiri kuchuluka kwa methane kumawonjezeka ndi katundu, mopanda ntchito galimoto imathamanga pa dizilo, ndipo pa katundu wambiri chiŵerengero cha methane/dizilo chimafika pa 9/1. Zigawozi zitha kusinthidwanso malinga ndi pulogalamu yoyambira.

Makampani ena amapanga injini za dizilo ndi zomwe zimatchedwa. "Micropilot" mphamvu kachitidwe, imene udindo wa dizilo ndi malire a jekeseni mafuta pang'ono kufunikira kokha kuyatsa methane. Chifukwa chake, injini izi sizingagwire ntchito pawokha pa dizilo ndipo nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magalimoto amakampani, magalimoto, mabasi ndi zombo, pomwe zida zotsika mtengo ndizoyenera pazachuma - zitatha kuvala, izi zimabweretsa kupulumutsa kwakukulu, moyo wa injini. kumawonjezeka kwambiri, ndipo utsi wa mpweya woipa umachepa kwambiri. Makina a Micropilot amatha kugwira ntchito pa gasi wachilengedwe wokhala ndi liquefied komanso wothinikizidwa.

Mitundu yamakina ogwiritsira ntchito zowonjezera zowonjezera

Makina osiyanasiyana opangira mafuta amagetsi akupitilira kukula. Momwemo, zamoyo zitha kugawidwa m'mitundu ingapo. Pamene propane ndi methane zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, izi zimaphatikizidwa ndi mawonekedwe amlengalenga, makina opangira jekeseni wamagesi, ndi makina am'magawo amadzi. Kuchokera pakuwona kwaukadaulo, makina opangira propane-butane amatha kugawidwa m'mibadwo ingapo:

Mbadwo woyamba ndi machitidwe opanda mphamvu zamagetsi, momwe mpweya umasakanizidwa mu chosakaniza chosavuta. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi injini zakale za carburetor.

M'badwo wachiwiri ndi jakisoni wokhala ndi nozzle imodzi, probe ya analogi lambda ndi chothandizira chanjira zitatu.

M'badwo wachitatu ndi jekeseni wokhala ndi nozzles imodzi kapena zingapo (imodzi pa silinda), yokhala ndi microprocessor control komanso kukhalapo kwa pulogalamu yodziphunzirira komanso tebulo lodzizindikiritsa.

M'badwo wachinayi ndi jakisoni wotsatizana (cylindrical) kutengera malo a pistoni, ndi kuchuluka kwa nozzles wofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa masilinda, komanso ndi mayankho kudzera pa kafukufuku wa lambda.

M'badwo wachisanu - jakisoni wotsatizana wamitundu yambiri ndi mayankho komanso kulumikizana ndi microprocessor kuwongolera jakisoni wamafuta.

M'machitidwe amakono kwambiri, "gasi" kompyuta imagwiritsa ntchito mokwanira deta kuchokera ku microprocessor yaikulu kuti iwononge magawo a injini ya mafuta, kuphatikizapo nthawi ya jekeseni. Kutumiza kwa data ndi kuwongolera kumalumikizidwanso kwathunthu ndi pulogalamu yayikulu yamafuta, yomwe imapewa kufunikira kopanga mamapu onse a jekeseni wa XNUMXD pamtundu uliwonse wagalimoto - chipangizo chanzeru chimangowerenga mapulogalamu kuchokera ku purosesa yamafuta. ndi kuzisintha kuti zigwirizane ndi jekeseni wa gasi.

Kuwonjezera ndemanga