6 mwa zachinyengo kwambiri m'mbiri ya motorsport

Malemu Ayrton Senna adanenanso kuti "wopambana ndi woyamba pakati pa otayika." Osewera enieni adzachita chilichonse kuti akhale oyamba, ngakhale atayesa kukhotetsa malamulo nthawi ndi nthawi.

Panthawi imodzimodziyo, okonza mpikisano ali okonzeka kusintha malamulowo mosatopa ndikuyambitsa zatsopano - kumbali imodzi, kuti chiyambicho chikhale chotetezeka, ndipo china, kuteteza mtundu wautali komanso wotopetsa. M'masewera osalekeza awa amphaka ndi mbewa, nthawi zina adapeza mayankho anzeru. Nawa asanu ndi mmodzi mwa akazembe akulu kwambiri m'mbiri yamasewera, osankhidwa ndi R&T.

Toyota pa 1995 World Rally Championship

Kwa zaka zitatu zotsatizana, kuyambira 1992 mpaka 1994, Toyota Celica Turbo idalamulira WRC, ndikupambana mutu uliwonse ndi Carlos Sainz, Juha Cancunen ndi Didier Oriol. Mu 1995, omwe adakonzekera adalowererapo mwachangu ndikukhazikitsa "zoletsa" kuti achepetse kuyenda kwa turbocharger, malinga ndi mphamvu, kutengera kuthamanga ndi chiwopsezo.

Koma mainjiniya a Toyota Team Europe akupeza njira yanzeru yodziwira lamuloli, podutsa malo omangika kwambiri. Zowonjezera, zowona, kuti oyang'anira adangowagwira pamasewera omaliza a nyengo ya 1995.

Toyota idagwiritsa ntchito ndendende mbale yofunikira ndi malamulo, idangoyiyika pa akasupe enieni. Amakankhira pafupi ndi 5mm kutali ndi turbocharger, yomwe imaloledwa, ndipo imapeza mpweya wochulukirapo patsogolo pake-yokwanira, kwenikweni, kukweza mphamvu ndi 50 akavalo. Koma chinyengo ndi chakuti pamene oyendera atsegula makinawo kuti ayang'ane mkati, amatsegula akasupe ndipo mbaleyo imabwerera kumene inali.

Mtsogoleri wa FIA, a Max Moseley, adawatcha "zachinyengo zopitilira muyeso zomwe ndaziwona mu motorsport zaka 30." Koma, ngakhale adayamikiridwa, gululi lidalangidwa, silinachite nawo mpikisano chaka chonse.

Smokey Uniq ku NASCAR, 1967-1968

Talemba kale za Henry "Smoky" Wapadera monga mmodzi mwa apainiya a injini za adiabatic. Koma m'mbiri ya NASCAR, ngwazi yovala chipewa cha ng'ombe ndi chitoliro akadali munthu wonyenga wamkulu wanthawi zonse - wokonzeka kupitilira owunika ndi lingaliro lanzeru.

M'zaka za m'ma 1960, Smokey adapikisana nawo Chevrolet Chevelle (wojambulidwa) motsutsana ndi magulu amphamvu a Ford ndi Chrysler.

Mu 1968, galimoto yake idakwezedwa kwambiri kotero kuti oyendera adapeza zophwanya malamulo asanu ndi anayi ndikumuletsa ku Dayton mpaka atawawongolera. Kenako mmodzi wa iwo anaganiza zoyendera thankiyo kuti angoichotsa m’galimotomo. Smokey wokwiyayo akuwauza kuti, “Inu mungolembapo khumi,” ndipo pamaso pawo odabwa, analoŵa m’galimotomo popanda thanki, nayatsa, nanyamuka. Ndiye likukhalira kuti namatetule kudziphunzitsa anaganiza mmene kuzungulira thanki voliyumu malire - iye anangoona kuti malamulo sananene kanthu za payipi mpweya, ndipo anapanga 3,4 mamita m'litali ndi 7 masentimita m'lifupi kuti agwirizane ndi owonjezera 15 ndi XNUMX malita a mafuta.

Mpikisano Wofiira Wofiira mu Fomula 1, 2011-2014

Maina anayi apadziko lonse a Red Bull pakati pa 2010 ndi 2013 adabwera chifukwa cha luso la Sebastian Vettel komanso kuthekera kwa mainjiniya a timuyi kuti apange manambala atsopano pamalamulo otuwa. Mu 2011, pamene Vettel adagoletsa zigonjetso 11 ndipo adatenga malo 15 oyambira 19, galimotoyo idakhala ndi zosinthika - ndipo, malinga ndi opikisana nawo ambiri, mapiko akutsogolo osaloledwa.

Zinthu zosunthika zonyamula magetsi zaletsedwa mu F1 kuyambira 1969. Koma mainjiniya a Red Bull adawonetsetsa kuti mapiko awo amayesedwa m'malo osasintha, ndikuti amangosinthasintha pansi pamitunda yayitali. Chinsinsicho chinali m'gulu la kaboni yosanjidwa mosamala. Chifukwa chake, gululi lidawunikiridwa mu 2011 ndi 2012. Koma mu 2013, FIA idakhazikitsa macheke, ndipo mchitidwewo akuti udayimitsidwa. Pomwe kumayambiliro omaliza mu 2014, magalimoto a Red Bull adakumananso ndi otha kusintha, omwe adalangidwa poyambira mzere womaliza.

Brabham ndi Gordon Murray mu Fomula 1, 1981

Mzere pakati pa chinyengo ndi luso ulipo, koma nthawi zonse wakhala ukuwonongeka. Koma mu 1981, Gordon Murray, wopanga tsogolo la McLaren F1, adazindikira kuti akupyola malamulowo ndi Brabham BT49C. Galimoto, yopangidwa ndi Murray, ili ndi kuyimitsidwa kwa hydropneumatic komwe kumalola kuti ipereke mphamvu zambiri kuposa zomwe zimaloledwa. Mukayiyang'ana isanayambike, galimotoyo imakhala ndi malo osungira masentimita 6, zomwe ndizovomerezeka. Koma galimoto ikangothamanga, pali kupanikizika kokwanira pachotetezera chakutsogolo kupopera madzi amadzimadzi ena mu thanki yapakati, potero amachepetsa BT49C pamunsi pamalire.

Murray adasinthiratu makinawo kuti akamaliza kuziziritsa pang'onopang'ono, kuthamanga kumatsika ndipo galimoto imadzukanso. Kuphatikiza apo, kuti asokoneze chidwi cha kuyimitsidwa, adayika bokosi lokayikira lomwe lili ndi zingwe zotuluka pagalimoto. Nelson Piquet adayamba kachitatu ku Argentina mu 1981 ndi Brabham. Kenako dongosololi lidawululidwa, koma kupita patsogolo kokwanira ndikokwanira kuti Piquet ipambane mutuwo, ndi mfundo imodzi patsogolo pa Carlos Reuthemann.

McLaren mu Fomula 1, 1997-98

Gulu la Ron Dennis linali mdera laimvi kwa nyengo ziwiri chifukwa chabuleki yachiwiri, yomwe idalola oyendetsa ndege a Mika Hakkinen ndi David Coulthard kuti atsegule kamodzi kokha ngati kuli kofunikira. Lingaliro loyambirira lidachokera kwa mainjiniya aku America a Steve Nichols ndipo cholinga chake chinali kuchepetsa ocheperako. Zinali zotheka kuzizindikira kokha chifukwa cha wojambula watcheru, yemwe adawona chimbale chotentha kwambiri chikutuluka potembenuka.

Akatswiri a McLaren adavomereza kuti izi zidawabweretsera theka lachiwiri. Monga mwachizolowezi, Ferrari adafuula kwambiri, malinga ndi zomwe gulu la Britain laphwanya lamulo loletsa kuyendetsa magudumu anayi. FIA idavomereza ndikuletsa pedal yachiwiri koyambirira kwa nyengo ya 1998, zomwe sizinalepheretse Mika Hakkinen kupambana mipikisano eyiti ndikupambana dzina la McLaren.

Ford pa 2003 Rally Championship

Air kuphatikiza mafuta ofanana mphamvu. Chifukwa chake, mabungwe olamulira pamipikisano yonse yamagalimoto amayesetsa kuletsa kulowa kwa injini. Tidawona Toyota akuthetsa vutoli mu 1995. Mu 2003, Ford adatulukira lingaliro lina: Focus RS yawo idagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wowongolera. Akatswiri anaika thanki yachinsinsi pansi pa bampala wakumbuyo. Wopangidwa ndi 2mm wandiweyani wa titaniyamu aloyi, adasonkhanitsa mpweya wothinikizika kuchokera ku turbocharger pomwe woyendetsa ndegeyo adapanikiza mpweya.

Kenaka, mwachitsanzo, pamtunda wautali wowongoka, woyendetsa ndegeyo amatha kutulutsa mpweya womwe unawunjika, womwe umabwerera kumalo ochulukirapo kudzera mu chubu cha titaniyamu. Ndipo popeza anali akuyenda kumbuyo, mpweya uwu pafupifupi kudutsa kuvomerezedwa zoletsa kapamwamba. Chinyengo chaching'ono ichi chinawonjezera mphamvu ndi 5% - zokwanira kuti Marco Martin apambane zojambula ziwiri nyengo ino malo asanalengedwe ndipo adayimitsidwa ku Australia.