Zaka 20 za Common Rail for Diesel IIs: Alfa Romeo anali woyamba

Kupitiliza: Njira yovuta ya opanga kuti agwiritse ntchito ukadaulo watsopano.

Ndiwo msana wazonse za Fiat ndi Bosch

Fiat atangotulutsa jakisoni wa Croma mu 1986, Rover adayambitsanso dongosolo lomweli, yemwe adalilenga mogwirizana ndi akatswiri aku Britain ochokera ku Perkins. Idzagwiritsidwa ntchito pambuyo pake pazitsanzo za Honda. Mpaka 1988 pomwe VW Group idakhala ndi injini yoyamba ya dizilo, yomwe imagwiritsanso ntchito pampu yogawa Bosch. Inde, ndi VW yomwe imagwira ntchito ya jakisoni wamajakisoni pamagalimoto oyendetsa dizilo. Komabe, VW imakonda kwambiri ma injini ake a TDI mwakuti imasowa pakusintha kwakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 20. Chifukwa chake, kubwerera koyambirira kwa nkhaniyi, kudzakumananso ndi mainjiniya ku Fiat ndi Bosch. Nthawi ino sizokhudza mgwirizano.

Zomwe tatchulazi Centro Ricerce Fiat ndi Magnetti Marelli adakwanitsabe kupanga njira yogwirira ntchito momwe njira yopangira zokakamiza imasiyanitsidwa. Izi zimapewa kutsika kwamphamvu ndikukwaniritsa kuthamanga kwambiri pa liwiro lalikulu. Kuti achite izi, pampu yozungulira imadzaza njanji yachitsulo yokhala ndi mipanda yolimba. Jekeseni mwachindunji amachitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito majekeseni oyendetsedwa ndi solenoid. Ma prototypes oyamba adapangidwa mu 1991, ndipo patatha zaka zitatu lusoli linagulitsidwa kwa Bosch, yemwe adakulitsanso. Dongosolo, lopangidwa motere ndi Fiat ndikuyengedwa ndi Bosch, lidawonekera mu 1997 mu Alfa Romeo 156 2.4 JTD ndi Mercedes-Benz E220 d. Pa nthawi yomweyo, pazipita jekeseni kuthamanga 1360 bala akadali si upambana kukakamiza ena mwa machitidwe akale (omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Opel Vectra ndi Audi A6 2.5 TDI kuyambira 1996 ndi BMW 320d kuyambira 1998, VP 44 mpope kwa jekeseni mwachindunji imakwaniritsa kupanikizika kwapakati pa 1500 - 1750 bar), koma kuwongolera ndi kuyendetsa bwino ntchito kuli pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri.

Ubwino wake waukulu ndikuti umakhala wothamanga kwambiri wa njanji, womwe umalola kuwongolera bwino kwa jekeseni, womwe ukhoza kuperekedwanso mumagulu - zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pakusakaniza mu injini ya dizilo. Choncho, kupanikizika sikudalira mofulumira, khalidwe la kuyaka limakhala bwino kwambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mafuta ndi mpweya amachepetsedwa. Ndi chitukuko cha dongosolo, electromagnetic jekeseni adzalowe m'malo ndi piezo jekeseni wolondola kwambiri, kulola kugwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka kwa jakisoni kwakanthawi kochepa ndi kukakamiza mpaka 2500 bar yamagalimoto ndi mpaka 3000 bar yamagalimoto ndi mabasi aposachedwa. mibadwo ya injini za dizilo.

Kupweteka kwa ntchito ndi Common Rail

Zachidziwikire, ngakhale mainjiniya a Fiat samayamba mwakhungu. Komabe, ali ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito a Vickers, omwe adapanga makina ofanana zaka zambiri zapitazo, ndi Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH, makamaka gulu la Robert Hubert, yemwe mzaka za 60s adapanga chiwonetsero chabwino cha injini ya dizilo. ndi Common Rail system ndi kuwongolera kwamagetsi. Zachidziwikire, zida zamagetsi zam'mbuyomu zidalola kuti ziwonetsero zokha zizigwira ntchito mu labotale, koma mu 1983 Marco Ganzer wa ETH adavomereza "makina oyendetsa batire" pamagalimoto a dizilo. M'malo mwake, uku ndi chitukuko choyamba chodalirika cha dongosolo lotere. Kupatula apo, vuto silili m'malingaliro, koma pakukwaniritsidwa kwake, ndipo ndi mainjiniya a Fiat ndi Bosch omwe amatha kuthana ndi mavuto onse omwe amabwera chifukwa chothamanga kwambiri komwe kumapezeka muukadaulo uwu, kukhazikitsidwa kwa jakisoni wokwanira ndi ena. Ndizodziwika pang'ono kuti ngakhale opanga magalimoto ku Japan akutsalira pantchito yopanga injini za dizilo, kwenikweni galimoto yoyamba kugwiritsa ntchito jekeseni wa Common Rail inali galimoto ya Hino yokhala ndi injini ya J08C ndi jekeseni wa Denso, zomwe ndi zotsatira za ntchito ya magulu a Dr. Shonei Ito ndi Magetsi a Masahiko. Chosangalatsanso ndichakuti m'ma 80, mainjiniya ku East Germany IFA adakwanitsa kupanga njira yofananira yamagalimoto awo.

Tsoka ilo, mavuto azachuma a Fiat kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 90 adamukakamiza kugulitsa nkhuku yake yagolide ku Bosch. Pambuyo pake, ndi Bosch yemwe adapanga lusoli, ndipo lero ndi mtsogoleri wosatsutsika pakupanga machitidwewa. M'malo mwake, pali opanga ochepa a zida izi - kuwonjezera pa Bosch, awa ndi Denso, Delphi ndi Nokia. Pansi pa hood ndi mgalimoto iliyonse yomwe mungayang'ane, mupeza zofananira. Posakhalitsa dongosolo la Common Rail litawonetsa ubwino wake pa china chirichonse, linayambitsidwa ndi opanga French PSA. Panthawi imeneyo, opanga monga Mazda ndi Nissan Iwo anali atayambitsa kale jekeseni mwachindunji, koma popanda dongosolo la Common Rail, VW ikupitiriza kufunafuna njira zopangira njira yabwino yomwe siigwiritsa ntchito ma Patent a Common Rail, ndipo inayambitsa njira yowonjezera yowonjezera. kwa mapampu agalimoto mu 2000. Inde, mu 2009, VW nayenso sanataye mtima ndipo sanasinthe ndi njanji wamba.

Opanga magalimoto adayambitsanso pambuyo pake - zaka zingapo zapitazo, injini zawo zidalinso ndi jekeseni wa mpope kapena chojambulira chopopera chopopera chokhala ndi zida zapadera zapampu komanso chubu lalifupi kwambiri. Pachiwonetsero cha Tokyo, Quon adawonetsa njira ina yosangalatsa - ukadaulo wapope-injector, womwe, komabe, umayendetsedwa ndi njanji wamba yokhala ndi mipanda yopyapyala yokhala ndi kutsika kochepa. Yotsirizirayi imakhala ndi gawo lapakati lolinganiza mfundo.

Kuphatikiza pa zonse zomwe zatchulidwazi, Common Rail system ndiyosiyana kwambiri ndi makina opangira jekeseni chifukwa amachokera ku mphamvu zakapangidwe kamene kamapangidwa ndi pampu yopangira mafuta enieni. Izi zimathetsa kufunikira kwakukula kwakanthawi, komanso kusokonekera kwakukulu, komwe kumafunikira ma injini a dizilo okhala ndi prechamber ndipo amapangidwa mwamphamvu mu injini za dizilo zokhala ndi chipinda cham'madzi. Dongosolo la Common Rail, limodzi ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa ukadaulo woyang'anira zamagetsi ndi ma turbocharger, zidapanga zofunikira pakusintha kwa dizilo, ndipo popanda iyo, injini zamafuta sizingakhale ndi mwayi lero. Mwa njira, omalizawa adalandiranso dongosolo lofananira lofananira, pokhapokha pang'ono. Koma iyi ndi nkhani ina.

Inde, njira ya Common Rail ndiyokwera mtengo komanso yovuta, koma pakadali pano palibe njira ina yopangira dizilo. Opanga akwanitsanso kupanga njira zotsika mtengo, zotsika kwambiri zamagalimoto otsika mtengo monga India, komwe dizilo imalemekezedwa. Pambuyo pazipongwe zaposachedwa, dizilo adadzudzulidwa pazolakwika zonse zapadziko lapansi, koma, monga kuyesa kwaposachedwa kwa AMS kukuwonetsa, kuyeretsa kwake ndikotheka. Mulimonsemo, nthawi zosangalatsa zili patsogolo.

Zolemba: Georgy Kolev