Mafunso ofunika 12 okhudza mafuta

Kodi mafuta amakhazikika pati? Kodi ndizowopsa kuyendetsa ndi mafuta osagwiritsidwa ntchito? Chifukwa chiyani octane nambala wani ku Europe pomwe ina ku America? Kodi mafuta ndi okwera mtengo masiku ano kuposa momwe amathandizira pochita zachitukuko? Kodi zilibe kanthu kuti ndi mtundu wanji? Munkhaniyi, tinaganiza zoyankha mafunso ambiri omwe anthu amafunsa okhudzana ndi mafuta amgalimoto.

Chifukwa chiyani A-86 ndi A-93 zidasowa?

Kumapeto kwa Socialism, mafuta atatu adaperekedwa - A-86, A-93 ndi A-96. Masiku ano asinthidwa ndi A-95, A-98 ndi A-100. M'mbuyomu, panali mafuta okhala ndi octane 76, 66 ndi 56.

Pali zifukwa ziwiri zakusowa kwawo. Chimodzi mwazinthu zachilengedwe: mafuta otsika octane samakwaniritsa zofunikira za sulfa, benzene, ndi zina zambiri.

Chachiwiri chikugwirizana ndi kusintha kwa injini. Mafuta otsika a octane salola kuti ma psinjika apamwamba - mwachitsanzo, A-66 ali ndi malire apamwamba a 6,5, A-76 ali ndi chiŵerengero cha psinjika mpaka 7,0. Komabe, miyezo ya chilengedwe ndi kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono kwadzetsa kukhazikitsidwa kwakukulu kwa injini zama turbocharged zokhala ndi ma compression apamwamba kwambiri.

Nambala ya octane ndi chiyani?

Muyeso woyesererawu umawonetsa kukana kwa mafuta kuti asaphulike, ndiye kuti, kuthekera kwakuti kumangoyaka zokha mchipinda choyaka moto mapulagi asanatulutse mphamvu (yomwe, siyabwino kwenikweni kwa injini). Mafuta apamwamba a octane amatha kuthana ndi magwiridwe antchito apamwamba ndikupanga mphamvu zambiri.

Nambala ya octane imaperekedwa poyerekeza ndi miyezo iwiri - n-heptane, yomwe imakhala ndi chizolowezi chogogoda cha 0, ndi isooctane, yomwe imakhala ndi chizolowezi chogogoda cha 100.

Chifukwa chiyani manambala a octane ndi osiyana?

Anthu omwe adayenda kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi atha kuzindikira kusiyana pakuwerengedwa kwa malo amafuta. Ngakhale m'maiko aku Europe amapatsidwa mafuta a RON 95, m'maiko ngati United States, Canada kapena Australia, oyendetsa magalimoto ambiri amadzaza 90.

M'malo mwake, kusiyana sikuli mu nambala ya octane, koma momwe amayeza.

RON, MON ndi AKI

Njira yodziwika kwambiri ndiyo yotchedwa kafukufuku octane nambala (RON), yotengedwa ku Bulgaria, EU, Russia ndi Australia. Pachifukwa ichi, mafuta osakaniza amayendetsedwa kudzera mu injini yoyesera yokhala ndi chiŵerengero cha kuponderezedwa kosiyana pa 600 rpm ndipo zotsatira zake zimafananizidwa ndi za n-heptane ndi isooctane.

Komabe, palinso MON (nambala ya octane ya injini). Ndi izo, mayeso ikuchitika pa liwiro kuchuluka - 900, ndi preheated mafuta osakaniza ndi poyatsira chosinthika. Apa katunduyo ndi wokulirapo ndipo chizolowezi cha detonation chikuwonekera kale.

Masamu a njira ziwirizi, zomwe zimatchedwa AKI - Anti-Knox Index, zimajambulidwa kumalo opangira mafuta ku US. Mwachitsanzo, German German A95 ndi 10% ethanol ali ndi RON wa 95 ndi MON wa 85. Zonsezi zimabweretsa AKI ya 90. Ndiko kuti, European 95 ku America ndi 90, koma kwenikweni ili ndi nambala ya octane yofanana.

Kodi mphamvu ya mafuta ndi yotani?

Mafuta amafuta ali ndi gawo lina lotchedwa "sensitivity". Uku ndiye kusiyana pakati pa RON ndi MON. Zing'onozing'ono zimakhala, mafuta okhazikika kwambiri pansi pazifukwa zilizonse. Ndipo mosemphanitsa - ngati kukhudzika kuli kwakukulu, izi zikutanthauza kuti chizolowezi chogogoda chimasintha kwambiri ndi kusintha kwa kutentha, kuthamanga, ndi zina zotero.

Kodi mafuta akhoza kusungidwa nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Madalaivala omwe sagwiritsa ntchito magalimoto pafupipafupi kapena ogonekedwa ayenera kukumbukira kuti mafuta ndi osatha. Alumali moyo - 6 miyezi, koma pamene kusungidwa chatsekedwa, popanda kukhudzana ndi mpweya mumlengalenga ndi pa kutentha osati kuposa firiji. Ngati kutentha kumafika madigiri 30, mafuta amatha kutaya katundu wake m'miyezi itatu yokha.

M'mayiko omwe ali ndi nyengo yozizira, monga Russia ndi Iceland, nthawi ya alumali yamafuta ndi chaka chimodzi. Koma mu USSR panali malire ndi dera - kumpoto, alumali moyo anali miyezi 24, ndi kum'mwera - miyezi 6 yokha.

Alumali moyo wa mafuta udatsika pambuyo poti mankhwala omwe adatsogolera adathetsedwa.

Kodi mafuta osalala ndi owopsa?

Ngati mafuta ataya mphamvu (ma hydrocarbon oyenda mkati mwake asanduka polycyclic), mutha kukhala ndi mavuto poyatsira kapena kuthamanga. Kuphatikiza mafuta atsopano nthawi zambiri kumathetsa vutoli. Komabe, ngati mafuta awonetsedwa mpweya ndi okosijeni, ma depositi amatha kupanga mafuta ndikuwononga injini. Chifukwa chake, kuti galimoto ikhale nthawi yayitali, tikulimbikitsidwa kukhetsa mafuta akale ndikusintha ndi ena musanayambitse injini.

Kodi mafuta amawira liti?

Anthu ambiri amadabwitsidwadi kudziwa kuti mafuta wamba amakhala ndi otentha madigiri 37,8 madigiri Celsius pazigawo zake zopepuka kwambiri mpaka madigiri 100 a zolemetsazo. Mu mafuta a dizilo, malo otentha amakhala koyambirira kwa madigiri 180.

Chifukwa chake, pamagalimoto akale okhala ndi ma carburetors, zinali zotheka kuzimitsa injini nthawi yotentha ndipo safuna kuyambiranso mpaka itazizira pang'ono.

Kodi octane wosiyanasiyana amatha kusakanizidwa?

Anthu ambiri amawona kuti kusakaniza mafuta osiyanasiyana a octeni mu thanki ndi kowopsa chifukwa amakhala ndi kuchuluka kosiyanasiyana ndipo amatha. Sizoona. Palibe zotsatira zoyipa zowonjezera 98 mu thanki ndi 95. Zachidziwikire, sizomveka kuzisakaniza, koma ngati kuli kotheka, si vuto.

Kodi mtundu wa mafuta ndi wofunika?

Mtundu wachilengedwe wa petulo ndi wachikasu kapena wowoneka bwino. Komabe, zoyenga zimatha kuwonjezera mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Poyamba, mtundu uwu unali wokhazikika - mwachitsanzo, A-93 anali bluish. Koma lero palibe malamulo amakono, ndipo wopanga aliyense amagwiritsa ntchito mtundu womwe akufuna. Cholinga chachikulu ndikusiyanitsa mafuta ndi mafuta kuchokera kwa opanga ena kuti, ngati kuli kofunikira, chiyambi chake chikhoza kutsatiridwa. Kwa wogwiritsa ntchito mapeto, mtundu uwu ulibe kanthu.