Mitundu 10 yachilendo kwambiri m'mbiri
nkhani,  Chipangizo chagalimoto,  chithunzi

Mitundu 10 yachilendo kwambiri m'mbiri

Chododometsa ndikuti ukadaulo umakula, magalimoto athu amasokonekera. Ndi miyezo yosalekeza yotulutsa mpweya, injini zosowa monga V12 ndi V10 zikutha ndipo V8 ikutsatira posachedwa. Zikuwoneka kuti posachedwa kwambiri, opulumuka okha ndi injini zamphamvu 3 kapena 4.

M'mbuyomuyi, tilingalira masanjidwe osadziwika omwe makampani opanga magalimoto amatipatsa. Mndandandawo umangokhala ndi magalimoto okhaokha omwe adayikidwa pagalimoto zoyeserera.

1 Bugatti Veyron W-16, 2005-2015

Kukula kwa malemu Ferdinand Piëch kuti apange galimoto yofulumira kwambiri padziko lapansi koyambirira kunali ndi V8, koma zidawonekeratu kuti ntchitoyi siyotheka. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mainjiniya adapanga gawo lodziwika bwino la 8-liter W16 unit, mwina ndipamwamba kwambiri m'mbiri.

Mitundu 10 yachilendo kwambiri m'mbiri

Ili ndi ma valavu 64, ma turbocharger 4, ma radiator 10 osiyanasiyana ndipo ndiophatikiza ma VR4 anayi akubangula ochokera ku Volkswagen. Sichinakonzedwepo ndi galimoto yopanga chonchi chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zosaneneka - ndipo mwina sichidzachitikanso.

Mitundu 10 yachilendo kwambiri m'mbiri

Injini yopanda valavu ya Knight, 2-1903

Wopanga waku America Charles Yale Knight atha kuyikidwa bwino mosagwirizana ndi opanga otchuka ngati Ferdinand Porsche ndi Ettore Bugatti. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka zapitazo, adaganiza kuti ma valve omwe adakhazikitsidwa kale ngati mbale (makina akale amawatcha mbale) anali ovuta komanso osagwira ntchito. Ichi ndichifukwa chake akupanga injini yatsopano, yomwe imadziwika kuti "yopanda valavu".

Mitundu 10 yachilendo kwambiri m'mbiri

M'malo mwake, ili si dzina lolondola, chifukwa palinso mavavu pagalimoto. Iwo ali ngati mawonekedwe a malaya omwe amayenda mozungulira pisitoni, yomwe motsatizana imatsegula polowera ndi kubwerekera mu khoma lamphamvu.

Mitundu 10 yachilendo kwambiri m'mbiri

Mitundu yamtunduwu imapereka magwiridwe antchito mokwanira potengera kuchuluka kwake, amathamanga mwakachetechete ndipo sachedwa kuwonongeka. Palibe zovuta zambiri, koma chofunikira kwambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito mafuta kwambiri. Knight adavomerezera lingaliro lake mu 1908, ndipo pambuyo pake zotengera zake zidapezeka mgalimoto za Mercedes, Panhard, Peugeot. Lingaliro ili linasiyidwa pokhapokha kukula kwa ma popu a ma poppet m'ma 1920 ndi 1930.

Injini ya 3 Wankel (1958–2014)

Lingaliro, lobadwa m'mutu mwa Felix Wankel, ndilachilendo kwambiri - kapena zidawoneka koyambirira kwa atsogoleri a NSU yaku Germany, omwe adamufunsira. Imeneyi inali injini yomwe pisitoni ndi yozungulira yozungulira yozungulira mu bokosi lozungulira. Ikamazungulira, ngodya zake zitatu, zotchedwa ma vertices, zimapanga zipinda zitatu zoyaka moto zomwe zimachita magawo anayi: kudya, kupanikizika, kuyatsa, ndi kumasula.

Mitundu 10 yachilendo kwambiri m'mbiri

Mbali iliyonse ya rotor imagwira ntchito nthawi zonse. Zikumveka zosangalatsa - ndipo zilidi choncho. Mphamvu yayikulu ya injini zotere ndizokwera kwambiri kuposa zamtundu wamba zamtundu womwewo. Koma kuwonongeka ndikowopsa, ndipo mafuta ndi mpweya zimapweteka kwambiri. Komabe, Mazda adalemba zaka zingapo zapitazo, ndipo sanathenso kusiya lingaliro loti abwezeretsenso.

Gulu la Eisenhuth, 4-1904

A John Eisenhoot, wolemba ku New York, anali munthu wopitilira muyeso. Ananenetsa kuti iye, osati Otto, ndiye bambo wa injini yoyaka mkati. Wopangayo adayambitsa kampani yotchedwa Eisenhuth Horseless Vehicle Company, ndipo kwa zaka zambiri, amangokhalira kuzenga mlandu mabizinesi onse.

Kuchokera pamawonekedwe aukadaulo, cholowa chake chosangalatsa kwambiri ndi injini yamphamvu itatu yamtundu wa Compound.

Mitundu 10 yachilendo kwambiri m'mbiri

Mu chipika chothamanga ichi, ma silinda awiri omalizira amapereka silinda yapakati, "yakufa" ndi mpweya wawo wotulutsa mpweya, ndipo ndi silinda yapakati yomwe imayendetsa galimotoyo. Mbali zonse ziwirizo zinali zazikulu kwambiri, zokhala ndi masentimita 19, koma pakati pake zinali zazikulu kwambiri - masentimita 30. Eisenhut adanena kuti ndalama zomwe zimasungidwa poyerekeza ndi injini yokhazikika ndi 47%. Koma mu 1907 adasowa ndalama ndipo lingalirolo linafa ndi kampaniyo.

Mitundu 10 yachilendo kwambiri m'mbiri

5 Panhard wamiyala iwiri yamphamvu, 1947-1967

Panhard, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 1887, ndi imodzi mwamagalimoto oyamba kupanga padziko lapansi komanso ndi ena mwazosangalatsa kwambiri. Iyi ndi kampani yomwe idatipatsa chiwongolero, kenako ma jet mu kuyimitsidwa, ndipo nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse itatha idawonjezera imodzi mwama injini ochititsa chidwi kwambiri.

Mitundu 10 yachilendo kwambiri m'mbiri

M'malo mwake, inali injini yathyathyathya yamitundu iwiri yokhala ndi masilinda awiri opingasa omwe ali mbali zina za crankshaft. Mpaka pano, chitukukochi chimadziwika ngati injini ya boxer. Akatswiri a ku France awonjezera njira zoyambira kwambiri pagawo loziziritsa mpweya - mumitundu ina, mwachitsanzo, mapaipi otulutsa analinso zomangira.

Ma Injini okhala ndi kusamuka kuchoka ku 610 mpaka 850 cc adagwiritsidwa ntchito pamitundu yosiyanasiyana. masentimita ndi mphamvu kuchokera pa 42 mpaka 60 ndiyamphamvu, yomwe ndiyabwino kwakanthawi (injini iyi idapambana kalasi yake m'maola 24 a Le Mans ndikusunga malo achiwiri pamsonkhano wa Monte Carlo). Adavoteledwa monga oyengedwa komanso osungidwa ndi eni nyumba.

Mitundu 10 yachilendo kwambiri m'mbiri

Panali mavuto awiri okha: choyamba, ma injini awiri amtunduwu amawononga ndalama zoposa mainjini anayi ndipo amafunikira kukonza kovuta kwambiri. Kachiwiri, Panhard adawapangira ma coupon opepuka a aluminiyamu, ndipo mavuto azachuma adapangitsa aluminium kukhala yotsika mtengo kwambiri. Kampaniyo idamaliza kukhalapo ndipo idatengedwa ndi Citroen. Boxer wokhala ndi zonenepa ziwiri adapanga mbiri.

6 Commer / Mizere TS3, 1954-1968

Chigawo chachilendo cha 3,3-lita cha silinda atatu chidatsika m'mbiri pansi pa dzina lakutchulidwa Commer Knocker (kapena "snitch"). Chipangizo chake, kunena mofatsa, sichachilendo - chokhala ndi ma pistoni otsutsana, awiri mu silinda iliyonse, ndipo palibe mitu ya silinda. Mbiri imakumbukira mayunitsi ena ofanana, koma ali ndi ma crankshafts awiri, ndipo apa pali imodzi yokha.

Mitundu 10 yachilendo kwambiri m'mbiri

Tiyenera kuwonjezerapo kuti ndi sitiroko iwiri ndipo imayendera mafuta a dizilo.

Manufacturer Rootes Group akuyembekeza kuti gawoli lipereka mwayi waukulu pamagalimoto a Commer ndi mabasi. Torque ndiyabwino kwambiri - koma mtengo ndi zovuta zaukadaulo zikukankhira kunja msika.

Mitundu 10 yachilendo kwambiri m'mbiri

Mapasa a Lanchester Twin-Crank, 7-1900

Mutha kukumbukira mtunduwu kuchokera pagawo la Top Gear, momwe a Hammond adagula galimoto pamsika, mwina wopangidwa ndi agogo ake aamuna, ndikumutengera pamsonkhano wakale.

M'malo mwake, Lanchester anali m'modzi mwazinthu zoyambirira kupanga ku England, zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa ku 1899. Injini yake kuwonekera koyamba kugulu, anapezerapo pa chiyambi cha zaka makumi awiri, ndi zachilendo kwambiri: awiri yamphamvu nkhonya buku la malita 4, koma ndi crankshafts awiri.

Mitundu 10 yachilendo kwambiri m'mbiri

Zili m'munsi mwa mzake, ndipo pisitoni iliyonse ili ndi ndodo zitatu zolumikizira - ziwiri zowala kunja ndi imodzi yolemera pakati. Zopepuka zimapita ku crankshaft imodzi, zolemetsa zimapita ku inzake, pomwe zimazungulira mosiyanasiyana.

Zotsatira zake ndi 10,5 ndiyamphamvu pa 1250 rpm. ndi kusowa kodabwitsa kwa vibration. Ngakhale zaka 120 za mbiriyakale, gawoli likadali chizindikiro cha luso la uinjiniya.

8 Cizeta V16T, 1991-1995

Galimoto ina yomwe, ngati Veyron, ndiyapadera mu injini yake. Dzinalo ndi "V16", koma gawo ili la 6-lita lokhala ndi mahatchi 560 kwenikweni si V16 yeniyeni, koma ma V8 awiri okha olumikizidwa m'bokosi limodzi ndikukhala ndi chakudya chofanana. Koma sizimamupangitsa kukhala wamisala. Popeza idakwera mozungulira, shaft yapakati imatumiza makokedwewo kupita kumbuyo.

Mitundu 10 yachilendo kwambiri m'mbiri

Masiku ano, magalimoto amenewa ndi osowa kwambiri, chifukwa makope ochepa anali opangidwa. Mmodzi wa iwo adawonekera ku Los Angeles. Mwini wake amakonda kuchita phokoso m'deralo, kuyambitsa injini, koma nthawi ina olamulira kasitomu adalanda galimotoyo.

Mitundu 10 yachilendo kwambiri m'mbiri

9 Gobron-Brille, 1898-1922

"Wobowola" wa Commer yemwe tamutchula kale uja adalimbikitsidwa ndi injini zama pistoni zotsutsana ndi France izi zomwe zidasonkhanitsidwa pakupanga masilindala awiri, anayi ngakhale asanu ndi limodzi.

Mitundu 10 yachilendo kwambiri m'mbiri

M'masilindala awiri, chipikacho chimagwira motere: ma pistoni awiri amayendetsa crankshaft mwachikhalidwe. Komabe, moyang'anizana nawo pali ma pistoni ena olumikizana, ndipo kulumikizana uku kumayendetsa ndodo ziwiri zazitali zolumikizira camshaft. Kotero, injini yamphamvu zisanu ndi imodzi ya Gobron-Brille ili ndi ma pistoni 12 ndi crankshaft imodzi.

10 Adams-Farvell, 1904-1913

Ngakhale mdziko lamaganizidwe openga aukadaulo, injini iyi imadziwika. Gulu la Adams-Farwell lochokera m'tawuni yaying'ono yaulimi ku Iowa, USA, limayendetsa njinga yamoto. Zitsulo zamagetsi ndi ma pistoni omwe ali mmenemo ali mozungulira malo opumira.

Mitundu 10 yachilendo kwambiri m'mbiri

Zina mwazabwino zaukadaulo uwu ndi kuyenda bwino komanso kusabwezerana. Masilindala oyikidwa bwino kwambiri amakhala otenthedwa ndi mpweya ndipo amakhala ngati mawilo oyenda ngati injini ikuyenda.

Ubwino wamapangidwewo ndi kulemera kwake. Gulu la 4,3-lita zitatu lamphamvu limalemera makilogalamu ochepera 100, modabwitsa pang'ono panthawiyo. Ambiri mwa injinizi ankagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ndege, ngakhale njinga zamoto zina ndi magalimoto analinso ndi injini zoyaka zamkati. Zina mwazovuta ndizovuta kwakuthira mafuta chifukwa cha mphamvu ya centrifugal mu crankcase, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kukhale kovuta kukhetsa mafuta pazinthu zama injini.

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