1,2 HTP Injini - zabwino / zovuta, zomwe muyenera kuyang'ana?
Mwinanso injini zochepa m'malo mwathu zimapopa madzi ochuluka ngati 1,2 HTP (mwina 1,9 TDi okha). Anthu wamba amamuyitana kulikonse (kuchokera kwa iye .. samakoka, kudzera pogulitsa, kupita ku chipewa). Nthawi zina mumatha kumva zochitika zosaneneka za malowa, koma nthawi zambiri zimangokhala zopanda pake, zomwe zimayambitsidwa chifukwa chakusadziwa eni ake kapena omwe akutenga nawo mbali pazokambirana. Ndizowona kuti injini ili ndi (ili) ndi zolakwika zambiri pamapangidwe, ngati siyofanana ndi vuto lakapangidwe. Kumbali inayi, oyendetsa magalimoto ambiri samamvetsetsa gawo lomwe amatenga m'galimoto yawo yaying'ono ndipo kuwonongeka kwina kapena kuthamanga kunachitika pachifukwa chomwecho. Injiniyo idapangidwira mitundu yaying'ono kwambiri ya VW. Osangotengera voliyumu yokha, komanso potengera magwiridwe antchito komanso kapangidwe kake, galimotoyo iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pamayendedwe akumatauni ndikupita momasuka. Mwanjira ina, a Fabia, Polo kapena Ibiza wokhala ndi HTP pansi pa hood sakhala ndipo sadzakhala omenyera misewu.
Oyendetsa galimoto ambiri amadabwa kuti n’chiyani chimachititsa opanga makinawo kuti achepetse kuchuluka kwa masilinda a injini. HTP siinjini yokha yamasilinda atatu pamsika, Opel ilinso ndi ma silinda atatu mu Corse kapena Toyota mu Ayga yake mwachitsanzo. Fiat posachedwapa anatulutsa injini ziwiri yamphamvu. Yankho lake ndi losavuta. Kuchepetsa ndalama zopangira komanso kuyesetsa kuti pakhale mpweya wochepa kwambiri.
Injini yamphamvu itatu ndi yotsika mtengo kupanga poyerekeza ndi yamphamvu inayi. Pogwiritsa ntchito voliyumu imodzi, injini yamphamvu itatu ili ndi malo abwino kwambiri azipinda zoyaka moto. Mwanjira ina, imakhala ndi kuchepa kocheperako kutentha ndipo, poyenda mosasunthika popanda kupititsa patsogolo pafupipafupi, mwachidziwikire iyenera kukhala ndi magwiridwe antchito apamwamba, i.e. mafuta ochepa. Chifukwa cha zonenepa zochepa, palinso magawo ochepa osunthira motero, mwanzeru, kuwonongeka kwake kumakhalanso kotsika.
Mofananamo, makokedwe a injini nawonso amadalira cholembera yamphamvu ndipo chimayamba mwachangu ndi HTP kuposa ndi injini yofananira yamphamvu inayi yokhala ndi bokosi lamagetsi lomwelo. Chifukwa chofupikitsa, magalimoto okhala ndi injini ya OEM amayamba mwachangu kuposa omwe ali ndi kampani ya 1,4 16V. Tsoka ilo, izi zimangogwira ntchito poyambira komanso kutsika kwambiri. Pa liwiro lapamwamba, pali kale kusowa kwa injini yamagetsi, yomwe imatsimikizidwanso ndi kulemera kwakukulu kwa galimoto yaying'ono. Zambiri pazabwino.
M'malo mwake, zovuta zimaphatikizapo chikhalidwe choyenda kwambiri komanso kugwedezeka kwakukulu. Chifukwa chake, injini yamphamvu itatu imafunikira ndege yayikulu komanso yolemera kwambiri kuti igwire ntchito pafupipafupi komanso shaft yolimbitsa thupi kuti muchepetse kugwedezeka (ntchito yotsogola kwambiri). Mwachizoloŵezi, izi (kulemera mopitirira muyeso) zimawonekera pakukonzekera kocheperako mwachangu ndipo, komano, pang'onopang'ono pakuchepetsa kwa injini yoyenda pomwe phazi likuchotsedwa pachangu cha accelerator. Kuphatikiza apo, kufunika kosinthasintha ndege ndi chowonjezera chowonjezera kuphatikiza pakuwonjezeka kulikonse kumatha kukonzanso izi. Mwanjira ina, ndikuchulukitsa pafupipafupi, kutsika kwake kumatha kukhala kwakukulu kwambiri kuposa kuthamanga kwa injini yamphamvu inayi.
1,2 HTP bol galimoto zopangidwa pafupifupi kuchokera zero. Chotchinga ndi mutu wa silinda amapangidwa ndi aloyi ya aluminiyamu ndipo, malingana ndi mtunduwo, makina ogwiritsira ntchito ma valve awiri kapena anayi amagwiritsidwa ntchito, oyendetsedwa ndi unyolo wolira ndipo kenako unyolo wa mano. Pofuna kupulumutsa ndalama zopangira, zigawo zingapo (mfuti, ndodo yolumikizamavavu) amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchokera ku 1598 cc zinayi zamagetsi zamagulu (AEE) kuchokera pagulu la 111 kW EA 55, lomwe oyendetsa magalimoto ambiri amadziwa kuchokera ku Octavia, Golf kapena Felicia woyamba.
Chifukwa chachikulu chopangira injini chinali kupikisana ndi omwe akupikisana nawo, popeza Opel kapena Toyota agulitsa bwino mitundu itatu ya lita, itatu yamphamvu (yamiyala inayi) kwazaka zambiri. Mbali inayi, VW Group, ndi injini yake ya lita imodzi, yamphamvu imodzi, sinalandire madzi ochulukirapo chifukwa sichinapambane mphamvu zakugwiritsa ntchito kapena kumwa. Tsoka ilo, pakupanga kwa OEM, zolakwika zingapo pakupanga zidachitika, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti injini igwiritse ntchito njira yogwiritsira ntchito ndipo, chifukwa chake, chiwopsezo chowonjezeka cha zovuta zaukadaulo.
Zigawo zazikulu zosuntha zimachokera ku injini yamagetsi atatu 1.2 12V (47 kW). Kusiyana kwakukulu kwa injini ya 1.2 HTP (40 kW) ndi makina ogawa gasi a valve anayi omwe ali ndi ma camshaft awiri pamutu wa silinda (2 x OHC).
Ntchito yosasintha ya injini
Choyambirira, tikhoza kutchula madandaulo a oyendetsa galimoto za kusakhazikika komanso kusakhazikika. Funso lowoneka ngati laling'ono lomwe lingakhale ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa ngati silingayankhidwe munthawi yake. Ngati tasiya kuwonongeka kwa koyilo yoyatsira (zomwe zimachitika pafupipafupi kumayambiriro kwa kupanga), ndiye kuti kukanika kumabisika mu valavu. Kusakhazikika komwe kumachitika nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa chakutha chifukwa chobowoleza (kutulutsa) mavavu otulutsa. Vutoli limayamba kuwonekera pang'onopang'ono, pomwe chisakanizocho chimakhala ndi nthawi yambiri yotuluka mu valavu yotsekedwa bwino, ndipo mpweya ukathiridwa, opareshoni nthawi zambiri imakhala yoyenera. Pambuyo pake, vutoli limakulirakulira ndipo kusayenda bwino kwa ulendowu kumawonekera pamaulendo ambiri.
Zomwe zimatchedwa "kuwomba" kwa valavu zimatanthawuza kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwa valavu komweko komanso chilengedwe, zomwe zimabweretsa kuyatsa (kupindika) kwa valavu ndi mpando wake. Pakakhala zovuta zochepa, kukonza kumathandizira (kukonza mipando yamutu yamphamvu ndikupatsanso ma valve atsopano), koma nthawi zambiri kumakhala kofunikira kusintha mutu wamphamvu pamodzi ndi mavavu oyatsidwa. Tiyenera kuwonjezeranso kuti kusokonekera uku ndikofala kwambiri ndimutu wamasamba asanu ndi limodzi (40 kW / 106 Nm kapena 44 kW / 108 Nm), omwe sanapangidwe ku Mlada Boleslav, koma adagulidwa kumafakitole ena a Volkswagen Group.
Yoyamba Zomwe zimayambitsa kusakhulupirirana zitha kukhala mutu wamiyala wopangidwa ndi zinthu zosalimba kwenikweni, acc. zakuthupi zomwe maupangiri amagetsi amapangidwira. Monga china chilichonse, ma valve amatha pang'onopang'ono (chilolezo pakati pa tsinde la valavu ndi chowongolera chimakula). M'malo moyenda mosalala, valavu akuti imanjenjemera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchedwa kutseka komanso kuvala mopitilira muyeso (kuwonjezeka kwakumbuyo). Kuchedwa kutseka kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa kupanikizika ndipo, chifukwa chake, kumagwira ntchito mosalekeza kwa injini.
wachiwiri vutoli ndi lovuta kwambiri. Uku ndikutentha kwambiri kwamafuta amafuta, kutaya mafuta, ndi zina zambiri. matepi okhala ndi kaboni (kupatula malire a ma hydraulic valve). Izi ndichifukwa choti kaboni imatha kutsekereza ma tappets amadzimadzi, omwe, pamodzi ndi kubwezera kwakukulu mu tsinde la valavu, imapangitsa kuti igwedezeke poyenda ndikutsekedwa.
Chifukwa chiyani kaboni amapangidwa? Injini ya 1,2 HTP imatenthetsa mafuta kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri imatenthetsa mpaka 140-150 ° C pansi pamitengo yayikulu (ndi HTP imayendetsanso liwiro lamayendedwe amtundu). Mitundu yama injini yamphamvu yamphamvu inayi imatha kutentha mafuta mpaka kufika 110-120 ° C, ngakhale kuthamanga kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ngati kuli injini ya 1,2 HTP, mafuta amtundu wa injini amatenthedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonongeka kwazinthu zoyambirira. Mpweya wambiri umapangidwa mu injini, yomwe imayika, mwachitsanzo, mavavu kapena ma jack a hydraulic ndikuchepetsa magwiridwe ake. Kuchuluka kwa kaboni kumathandizanso kuti zovala zizikhala pamakina a injini.
Kutentha kwamafuta a injini mu injini yamasilinda atatu ndikokwera kwambiri, chifukwa kumatsimikiziridwa ndi chiŵerengero chapamwamba cha kusamuka kwa injini kupita kumalo osinthira kutentha. Komabe, mfundo yozikidwa pathupi imeneyi simawonjezera kutentha kokwanira kufika kutentha kotereku kuyerekeza ndi injini yofananira ndi ma silinda anayi. Chifukwa chachikulu chotenthetsera mafuta ochulukirapo ndi malo a chothandizira pamwamba pa gawo lalikulu lamafuta mu chipikacho. Choncho, mafuta amatenthedwa osati kuchokera mkati mwa injini, komanso kuchokera kunja - chifukwa cha kutentha kwa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya. Kuonjezera apo, mosiyana ndi zigawo zina za nkhawa, palibe mafuta ozizira, otchedwa. chowotcha chamadzi ndi mafuta, kapena chotchedwa cube, i.e. aluminiyamu mpweya-mafuta kutentha exchanger, amene ali mbali ya chosungira mafuta fyuluta. Tsoka ilo, pankhani ya injini ya 1,2 HTP, izi sizingatheke chifukwa cha kusowa kwa malo, chifukwa sizingagwirizane nazo. Malo ena omvetsa chisoni a nyumba yosinthira chothandizira pafupi ndi chipika cha aluminiyamu ya injini, pomwe njira yayikulu yamafuta imadutsa chipikacho, idayankhidwa ndi wopanga mu 2007 ndikuwongolera pang'ono. Ma injini adalandira chishango choteteza kutentha pakati pa chosinthira chothandizira ndi cylinder block. Tsoka ilo, izi sizinathetseretu vuto la kutenthedwa.
Vuto lina lalikulu ndi ma valve limatha kuyambitsidwa ndi chifukwa china, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti chifufuzidwenso mu chothandizira. Popeza ili kuseli kwa mapaipi, imakhala yotentha kwambiri ndikuchulukirachulukira. Chifukwa chake, kuzizilitsa kwa chothandizira kumathetsedwa mwakulitsa kusakaniza, komwe kumatanthauza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kowonjezereka. Chifukwa chake osati kuthamanga kwapamwamba kokha, koma kuzizira kwa chothandizira kumatanthauza kuti 1,2 HTP ikudya udzu pafupi ndi msewu waukulu. Ngakhale kuzirala ndi chisakanizo chambiri, chothandizira chidakutenthetsani. Kutentha kwambiri, komanso kuchulukitsa kwa injini, kwapangitsa kuti pang'onopang'ono kutulutsidwe magawo ang'onoang'ono kuchokera pachimake. Kenako amabwerera ku injini injini ikamayima, pomwe amatha kuwononga mavavu ndi maupangiri a ma valve. Vutoli lidakonzedwa kumapeto kwa 2009/2010. (Kubwera kwa Euro 5), pomwe wopanga adayamba kupanga chothandizira chothandizira kutentha, momwe magawo ndi utuchi sizinathawire pachimake ngakhale pamitundumitundu. Wopanga amatipatsanso zida zama injini akale omwe awonongeka, omwe, kuphatikiza pamutu wamphamvu, mavavu, ma jekete amadzimadzi ndi ma bolts, amakhalanso ndi zotsogola zosinthira, zomwe utuchi wochulukirapo suthawanso.
Chachitatu Madipoziti a kaboni amatha kuyambitsidwa ndi valavu yampweya. Zitsanzo zoyambirira za ma valve 12 zinali ndi mpweya wotulutsa mpweya. Komabe, kubwerera kwa mpweya wotulutsa utsi pazakudya zochulukirapo kunachitika pafupi kwambiri ndi valavu yampweya, kotero kuti kuzungunuka kwa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya m'malo awa kunadzetsa kuphimbidwa kwa mpweya. Nthawi zambiri, patatha masauzande makilomita, valavu yamagetsi imafika pamalo opanda pake. Izi zimayambitsa kusinthasintha kwachabe, koma mwatsoka sizokhazo. Ngati microswitch yosagwira siilumikizidwe, mphamvu yamagetsi yolimbana ndi mphamvu ikhalabe yolimbikitsidwa, yomwe pamapeto pake imatha kuwononga gawo lolamulira. Chifukwa chake, pankhani yazaka zoyambirira zogwira ntchito, zomwe zili ndi valavu ya EGR, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisiye ndikutsuka damper iliyonse makilomita 50. Ma Injini 000, 40 mpaka 44 kW mulibenso zovuta zamagetsi zokutira mpweya.
Mavuto anyengo
Vuto lina laukadaulo, makamaka kumayambiriro kwa kupanga, linali kuyendetsa galimoto yogawa. Ndi zododometsa, chifukwa timawerenga kambirimbiri kuti lamba wa mano wasinthidwa ndi unyolo wopanda zokonza. Ndithudi akale "oyendetsa Škoda" amakumbukira mawu akuti "giya sitima", yomwe inali mbali ya nthawi limagwirira Škoda OHV injini. Vuto lokhalo lomwe linabuka linali phokoso lowonjezereka chifukwa cha kugwedezeka kwa unyolo womwewo. Mwina sanatchulidwepo za kudumpha kapena kupuma.
Komabe, izi sizichitika ndi injini ya 1,2 HTP, makamaka m'zaka zoyambirira. Chowotcha nthawi ya hydraulic time tensioner chimayenda motalika kwambiri ndipo popanda kukakamiza kwamafuta kumatha kupanga sewero lomwe limadumpha unyolo poyambira. Ndipo ife tirinso mu khalidwe la mafuta, chifukwa izi zimachitika makamaka pamene mafuta akuwonongeka chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri, ndiko kuti, ndi wandiweyani, ndipo pampu ilibe nthawi yoti ipereke kwa tensioner mu nthawi. Unyolo ukhoza kuwoloka ngakhale galimoto itayimitsidwa pamtunda wotsetsereka pokhapokha pa liwiro / khalidwe losankhidwa kapena pakhala pali zochitika pamene magudumu amangirizidwa pamene galimotoyo idagwedezeka ndipo mawilo adaphwanyidwa pokhapokha pamtundu womwe watchulidwa - ngati galimotoyo yabzalidwa pansi . Mavuto amaketanidwe anthawi amatha kuwonekera pakuwonjezeka kwa phokoso - zomwe zimatchedwa kunjenjemera kapena kumveka phokoso mukamachita movutikira (injini imazungulira pafupifupi 1000-2000 rpm) kenako ndikutulutsa chowongolera. Ngati unyolo udumpha mano 1 kapena 2, injini imatha kuyambika, koma imathamanga molakwika ndipo nthawi zambiri imatsagana ndi kuwala kwa injini. Ngati unyolo ukudumpha mochulukira, injini sidzayambanso, resp. pakapita nthawi idzazimitsidwa, ndipo ngati unyolowo watsetsereka mwangozi mukuyendetsa, phokoso limamveka ndipo injini imazima. Panthawi imeneyi, kuwonongeka kwayamba kale kupha: ndodo zopindika, ma valve opindika, mutu wosweka kapena ma pistoni owonongeka.
Onaninso kuwunika kwa mauthenga olakwika. Mwachitsanzo, ngati injini ikuyenda mosasinthasintha, liwiro limakulirakulirabe ndipo operekera malipoti akusokonekera kwa chotupa cholakwika pambiri, sikumva kolakwika komwe kuli koyenera, koma kungokhala dzino kapena dera lomwe likusowa. Ngati sensa ikadangosinthidwa ndikusunthidwa ndi galimoto, pangakhale chiwopsezo chachikulu chodumpha dera lomwe likhoza kupha injini.
Popita nthawi, wopanga adayamba kusintha ma mota, mwachitsanzo posintha ma tensioner kuti achepetse kuyenda kapena kupititsa patsogolo njanji. Pamitundu 44 kW (108 Nm) ndi 51 kW (112 Nm), wopanga adasintha injini ndipo vutoli lidathetsedwa. Komabe, zinali zotheka kuthetseratu mipata mu Julayi 2009, pomwe injini ya Škoda idasinthanso injini (kulemera kwa crankshaft kunachepetsanso) ndikuyamba kusonkhana kwa unyolo wamagiya. Icho chimalowetsa chingwe cholumikizira chovuta, chomwe chimakhala ndi makina otsika osagwira, phokoso lotsika ndipo, koposa zonse, kudalirika kogwira ntchito. Tiyenera kuwonjezeranso kuti nthawi yamaketani anali okhudzana kwambiri ndi mtundu wamphamvu kwambiri wa 47 kW (yochepera 51 kW).
Kodi izi zimabweretsa chiyani? Musanagule tikiti yokhala ndi injini ya 1,2 HTP, muyenera kumvetsera mosamala momwe injini imagwirira ntchito. Ngati ndi kotheka, ndibwino kupewa chaka choyamba ngati simukudziwa bwino za mwini wake, momwe amagwirira ntchito komanso momwe amayendetsera magalimoto, motsatana. injini osayang'aniridwa bwino. Pa nthawi yopanga, mayunitsi adakonzedwa pang'onopang'ono, kudalirika kukuwonjezeka. Zosintha zazikuluzikulu zidachitika mu Julayi 2009 pomwe tchetcha tidaikidwa, mu 2010 (Euro 5 emission standard) pomwe chosinthira champhamvu chokhazikitsidwa, ndipo mu Novembara 2011 pomwe injini ya 6 kW chipinda chimodzi idapangidwa. ... Mtundu wama valve 44 watha. Anasinthidwa ndi ma valavu 12 okhala ndi mphamvu yomweyo ya 44 kW. Zowonjezeranso zapangidwanso pamakina opanga ma injini ndikuwongolera zamagetsi (mapaipi osinthidwa osinthira, crankshaft, chida chatsopano chowongolera, othandizira oyambira omwe amachepetsa kuyambika kwa nthawi yomasulira, komanso kuwonjezeka pang'ono kwa liwiro laulesi) kukonza magwiridwe antchito. chikhalidwe. Mtundu wamphamvu kwambiri wokhala ndi max. mphamvu ya 55 kW ndi makokedwe a 112 Nm. Zipangizo zopangidwa kuyambira Novembala 2011 ndizodziwika kale zodalirika komanso popanda mawu apadera omwe angalimbikitsidwe poyendetsa mzindawo ndi madera ozungulira.
Ngati muli ndi injini ya 1,2 HTP, kumbukirani kuti injini ya HTP inapangidwira ntchito yanji ndikugwiritsa ntchito galimotoyo monga momwe tafotokozera kumayambiriro kwa nkhaniyi. Ndikulimbikitsidwanso kuti muchepetse nthawi yosinthira mafuta mpaka 10 km, komanso maulendo apamsewu pafupipafupi, mpaka 000 7500 km. Palibe ndalama zowonjezera, chifukwa mafuta a injini ndi malita 2,5 okha. Komanso, ngati injiniyo imapanikizika kwambiri, palibe chifukwa chosinthira mafuta opangidwa ndi wopanga molingana ndi muyezo wa SAE (5W-30 al. 5W-40) kupita ku kalasi ya 5W-50W-XNUMX viscosity. Mafutawa ndi opyapyala kale kuti azitha kudzaza tensioner ya nthawi yosalimba komanso matepi a hydraulic mwachangu komanso munthawi yake, pomwe nthawi yomweyo amalimbana ndi kupsinjika kwambiri kwamafuta.
Service - kudumpha unyolo wanthawi 1,2 HTP 47 kW
