Ngwaọrụ engine nke combustion

Ejirila injin na-ere ọkụ n'ime ọgba tum tum, ụgbọ ala na ụgbọala ruo otu narị afọ. Ruo ugbu a, ọ na-anọgide na ụdị ụdị akụ kachasị mma. Mana maka ọtụtụ, ụkpụrụ nke ọrụ na ngwaọrụ nke injin na-ere ọkụ n'ime ya ka na-edoghị anya. Ka anyị gbalịa ịghọta ihe ndị bụ isi na nkọwapụta nke usoro nke moto ahụ.

Nkọwa na izugbe

Akụkụ bụ isi nke igwe ọkụ ọkụ ọ bụla bụ mgbanye nke ngwakọta combustible ozugbo n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ya, ọ bụghị na mgbasa ozi mpụga. N'oge a na-ere ọkụ ọkụ, ọkụ ọkụ a natara na-akpalite ọrụ nke igwe.

ReatIke akụkọ ihe mere eme

Tupu ọbịbịa igwe ọkụ na-ere ọkụ n'ime, a na-eji ụgbọ ala na-eji onwe ya arụ ọrụ n'igwe ọkụ. Suchdị ndị a na-arụ ọrụ site na nrụgide uzuoku na-eme site na ikpo oku mmiri na tankị dị iche.

Ebumnuche nke ụdị ụgbọ ala ndị ahụ buru oke ibu ma bụrụ nke na - adịghị arụ ọrụ - na mgbakwunye na nnukwu ibu nke nrụnye, iji merie ogologo oge, ụgbọ njem ahụ kwesịrị ịdọrọ ezigbo mmanụ (ọkụ ma ọ bụ nkụ).

N'ihi mmejọ a, ndị injinia na ndị na-echepụta ihe gbalịrị ịza ajụjụ dị mkpa: otu esi atụkọta mmanụ na ahụ nke ngalaba ike. Site n'iwepu ihe ndị dị ka igwe ọkụ, tankị mmiri, condenser, evaporator, pump, wdg. enwere ike ibelata ịdị arọ nke moto ahụ.

Ihe e kere eke nke engine nke combustion na ụdị nke ọkwọ ụgbọala nke oge a ji nwayọọ nwayọọ mee. Ndị a bụ ihe ndị bụ isi nke dugara na npụta nke igwe ọkụ ọkụ nke oge a:

• 1791 John Barber na-emepụta turbine gas nke na-arụ ọrụ site n'ịgbasa mmanụ, kol na osisi na nlọghachi. Mbadamba gas, ya na ikuku, batara n'ime ụlọ combus site na compressor. Emepụtara gas na-ekpo ọkụ na nrụgide na impeller nke impeller ma gbanwee ya.
• 1794 Robert Street nwere ikike ịmepụta mmanụ mmanụ mmanụ.
• 1799. Philippe Le Bon n'ihi pyrolysis mmanụ na-enweta gas luminescent Na 1801 ọ na-atụ aro iji ya mee ihe maka mmanụ gas.
• 1807 François Isaac de Rivaz - patent na "iji ihe gbawara agbawa isi iyi nke ike na igwe ọrụ." Na-emepụta ndị ọrụ ụgbọelu nke aka ha dabere na mmepe ahụ.
• 1860 Etienne Lenoir rụrụ ọrụ ọsụ ụzọ oge mbụ site na imepụta igwe nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ site na ngwakọta nke ikuku gas na ikuku. E debere usoro ahụ na ntụgharị site na isi iyi nke ike mpụga. Ejiri ụgbọ mmiri mepụta ihe ụgbọ mmiri, mana etinyeghị ya n'ụgbọala na-anya onwe ya.
• 1861 Alphonse Bo de Rocha na-ekpughe mkpa ọ dị ịpịkọta mmanụ ọkụ tupu ọ gbanye ya, nke rụpụtara tiori nke arụmọrụ nke injin ọkụ ọkụ anọ (ntinye, mkpakọ, combustion na mgbasa na ntọhapụ).
• 1877 Nikolaus Otto mepụtara engine izizi mbụ nke 12 hp nke nwere ọkụ anọ n'ime ọkụ.
• 1879 Karl Benz na-enyocha moto abụọ ahụ.
• 1880s. Ogneslav Kostrovich, Wilhelm Maybach na Gottlieb Daimler na-etolite mgbanwe nke carburetor nke injin combustion dị n'ime, na-akwadebe ha maka imepụta oke.

Na mgbakwunye na mmanụ ụgbọ ala na-agba mmanụ, Trinkler Motor pụtara na 1899. Nchọpụta a bụ ụdị injin injin ọzọ n'ime ụlọ (injin mmanụ na-enweghị mgbanye ike), na-arụ ọrụ na usoro nke mepụtara nke Rudolf Diesel. Kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ, nkeji ike, mmanụ ụgbọala na mmanụ dizel, emeela nke ọma, nke mere ka arụmọrụ ha dịkwuo elu.

Dị nke engines combustion dị n'ime

Site na ụdị imepụta na nkọwapụta nke arụmọrụ nke injin ọkụ n'ime, a na-ekewa ha dịka ọtụtụ njirisi:

• Site na ụdị mmanụ eji - mmanụ dizel, mmanụ ụgbọala, gas.
• Dị ka ụkpụrụ nke jụrụ - mmiri mmiri na ikuku.
• Dabere na ndokwa nke cylinders - in-line and V-shaped.
• Dị ka usoro nke nkwadebe nke ngwakọta mmanụ ọkụ - carburetor, gas na ogwu (a na-emepụta ngwakọta na akụkụ nke mpụga nke engine combustion) na mmanụ dizel (nke dị n'ime).
• Dịka ụkpụrụ nke ọkụ ọkụ nke ngwakọta mmanụ ọkụ - ya na ịgbanye mmanye na ịgbanye onwe ya (nke a na-ahụkarị maka nkeji diesel).

A na-ahụkarị Motors site na imewe na arụmọrụ arụmọrụ:

• Pistin, nke na-arụ ọrụ ụlọ dị na cylinders. Ọ bara uru ịtụle na a na-ekewa ụdị igwe ọkụ dị n'ime ọtụtụ mpaghara ụfọdụ:
  • carburetor (onye na-ahụ maka carburetor bụ ọrụ maka ịmepụta ngwakọta ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ);
  • ogwu ogbugba (ngwakọta a na-enye kpọmkwem na oriri manifold site nozzles);
  • dizel (mgbanye nke ngwakọta na-eme n'ihi okike nke nrụgide dị elu n'ime ime ụlọ ahụ).
  • Rotary-piston, nke ntụgharị nke ike ọkụ na-arụ ọrụ n'ime ike ọrụ n'ihi ntụgharị nke rotor yana profaịlụ. Ọrụ nke rotor, mmegharị nke yiri 8-ku na udi, dochie ọrụ nke pistons, oge na crankshaft.
  • Gas tobaim, nke a na-ebugharị moto ahụ site na ike ọkụ nke enwetara site na ịgbagharị rotor na pupụtara nke yiri agụba. Ọ na-akwọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè.

Ozizi a, na anya izizi ya, dị ka o doro anya. Ugbu a, ka anyị lee anya na isi mmiri nke powertrain.

Ngwaọrụ ice

Nzube ahụ gụnyere ihe ndị a:

• mkpọchi silinda;
• crank usoro;
• usoro nkesa gas;
• sistemụ maka ọkọnọ na mgbanye nke ngwakọta combustible na mwepụ nke ngwaahịa ọkụ (gas na-ekpochapu).

Iji ghọta ọnọdụ nke ihe ọ bụla, tụlee eserese moto:

Nọmba 6 na-egosi ebe cylinder dị. Ọ bụ otu n'ime isi ihe dị mkpa nke injin na-ere ọkụ n'ime. N’ime cylinder ahụ, e nwere piston, nke e dere nọmba 7. Ọ na-agbakwunyere ya na mkpara njikọta na crankshaft (na eserese ahụ, nke akara nọmba 9 na 12 pụtara, n’otu n’otu). Vinggagharị pistin ahụ na ala n'ime cylinder ahụ na-eme ka e guzobe usoro mmegharị nke crankshaft. Na ngwụcha nke tiller ahụ, e nwere ihe a na-efe efe, nke egosiri na eserese n'okpuru ọnụọgụ 10. Ọ dị mkpa maka ntụgharị otu ụdị nke okporo. Akụkụ nke elu nke cylinder ahụ nwere isi dị egwu na ngwakọta ngwakọta na ikpochapu valves. Egosiri ha n'okpuru 5.

Imeghe nke valves na-ekwe omume n'ihi camshaft cams, nọmba 14 a họpụtara, ma ọ bụ karịa, ihe nnyefe ya (nọmba 15). A na-enye ntụgharị nke camshaft site na crankshaft gears, gosipụtara site na nọmba 13. Mgbe piston na-agagharị n'enweghị ihe ọ bụla na cylinder, ọ na-enwe ike iwere ọnọdụ abụọ dị oke egwu.

Enwere ike ijikwa ọrụ nke engine engine combustion naanị site na ntinye nke ngwakọta mmanụ na oge kwesịrị ekwesị. Iji belata ụgwọ ọrụ nke moto ahụ maka mgbasa ọkụ na iji gbochie oge na-adịghị mma nke ihe ndị na-akwọ ụgbọala, a na-ete ha mmanụ.

Kpụrụ nke engine combustion n'ime

Igwe ọkụ na-ere ọkụ n'ime ụlọ nke oge a na-agba mmanụ nke na-agbanye n'ime cylinders na ike sitere na ya. A na-enye mmanụ na ikuku nke ikuku site na valvụ oriri (n'ọtụtụ injin nwere abụọ kwa silinda). N'otu ebe ahụ, ọ na-agbanye n'ihi ọkụ na-efe icheku ọkụ... N'oge nke obere mgbawa, gas ndị dị n'ime ụlọ ọrụ na-agbasa, na -emepụta nrụgide. Ọ na-eme ka piston jikọtara na KShM.

Igwe ọkụ Diesel na-arụ ọrụ n'ụkpụrụ yiri nke ahụ, naanị usoro combus na-ebute n'ụzọ dịtụ iche. Na mbido, a na-ejikọ ikuku dị na cylinder ahụ, nke na-eme ka ọ dị ọkụ. Tupu pistin rute TDC na mkpakọ ọrịa strok, ndị injector atomizes mmanụ. N'ihi ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ, mmanụ ọkụ na-ere ọkụ n'onwe ya na-enweghị ọkụ. Ọzọkwa, usoro ahụ yiri nke mgbanwe mmanụ ụgbọala nke injin ọkụ ọkụ dị n'ime.

KShM na-agbanwegharị mmegharị mmegharị nke piston ahụ ka ọ gbanwee crankshaft... Torque na-aga flywheel, mgbe ahụ igwe ma ọ bụ akpaka gearbox ndien ke akpatre ke wheel mbanye.

Usoro a na - akpọ piston ahụ n’elu ma ọ bụ ala na - akpọ strok. A na-akpọ usoro niile ruo oge a na-eme ha ọzọ okirikiri.

Otu okirikiri na-agụnye usoro ịmịkọrọ mmiri, mkpakọ, mgbanye yana mgbasa nke gas ndị e guzobere, hapụ.

Enwere mgbanwe abụọ nke moto:

1. N’ime okirikiri abụọ, crankshaft na-atụgharị otu ugboro, na piston na-agbadata na elu.
2. N'ime usoro okirikiri anọ, crankshaft ga-atụgharị ugboro abụọ na okirikiri, na piston ga-eme mmegharị anọ zuru ezu - ọ ga-agbada, bilie, daa, bilie.

Principlekpụrụ ọrụ nke igwe ọkụ ọkụ abụọ

Mgbe onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ahụ malitere injin ahụ, onye mbido na-esetịpụ mpempe akwụkwọ na-efegharị, crankshaft na-atụgharị, KShM na-akpali piston ahụ. Mgbe ọ rutere BDC wee malite ịrị elu, ụlọ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ jupụtara na ngwakọta combustible.

N’etiti etiti nwụrụ anwụ nke pistin ahụ, ọ na-agbanye ọkụ ma na-akwali ya. Ọzọ ventilashion emee - iyuzucha gas na-ekpochapụ site na akụkụ ọhụrụ nke na-arụ ọrụ combustible ngwakọta. Nhichapụ nwere ike ịdị iche iche dabere na atụmatụ nke moto ahụ. Otu n'ime mgbanwe ndị a na-enye maka ijupụta oghere sub-pistin na ngwakọta mmanụ-ikuku mgbe ọ na-ebili, na mgbe pistin na-agbadata, a na-agbanye ya n'ime ụlọ ọrụ nke cylinder ahụ, na-ewepụ ngwaahịa ọkụ.

Na mgbanwe ndị dị otú ahụ nke moto, enweghị usoro usoro oge valvụ. Pistin n'onwe ya ga-emepe / mechie ụzọ mbata / ntaneti.

A na-eji ụgbọ ala ndị dị otú ahụ eme ihe na obere akụrụngwa, n'ihi na mgbanwe gas na ha na-eme n'ihi ngbanwe nke ikuku gas na akụkụ ọzọ nke ngwakọta ikuku-mmanụ. Ebe ọ bụ na a na-ewepụ ngwakọta na-arụ ọrụ yana kpochapu ahụ, a na-eji ike mmanụ na ike dị ala jiri ya tụnyere analogues anọ.

Otu uru dị njin ahụ na - ere n’ime ụlọ bụ obere esemokwu ọ bụla na okirikiri, mana n’otu mgbe ahụ ha na - eme ka ike sie ike karịa.

Principlekpụrụ nke ọrụ igwe anọ

Imirikiti ụgbọala na ụgbọ ala ndị ọzọ nwere injin nwere okpukpu anọ. A na-eji usoro nkesa gas na-enye ngwakọta na-arụ ọrụ ma wepu gasị na-ekpochapu. A na-ebugharị ya site na oge iheomume ejikọtara na eriri crankshaft site na belt, agbụ ma ọ bụ gia mbanye.

N'usoro camshaft na-eweli / lowers oriri / iyuzucha valves emi odude n'elu cylinder. Usoro a na - eme ka o mepee oghere mepere emepe maka iweta ngwakọta na-ewepu gas.

N'ime igwe ndị dị otú ahụ, okirikiri na-apụta dị ka ndị a (dịka ọmụmaatụ, mmanụ ụgbọ ala):

1. N'oge a malitere ọrụ njin ahụ, onye mbido ga na-eme ka nku ya dị ntakịrị, nke na-agba crankshaft ahụ. Ntinye uzo mmiri meghere. Usoro ihe crank na-agbada pistin ahụ, na -emepụta agụụ na cylinder. Onwere ikuku mmiri nke ikuku ikuku.
2. Na-esite na ala nwụrụ site na etiti gbagoo, piston na-emechi ngwakọta a na - ere ọkụ. Nke a bụ ihe nke abụọ - mkpakọ.
3. Mgbe pistin dị n'elu etiti nwụrụ anwụ, ọkụ na-emepụta ọkụ na-emepụta ọkụ na-acha ọkụ. N'ihi mgbawa ahụ, gas na-agbasawanye. Nrụgide na cylinder na-eme ka pistin ahụ gbadata. Nke a bụ usoro nke atọ - mgbanye na mmeba (ma ọ bụ ọrịa strok).
4. Crankshaft na-agbagharị na-eme ka pistin ahụ gbagoo. N'oge a, ogige ahụ na-emepe valvụ kpochapu nke piston na-arị elu na-achụpụ gas. Nke a bụ ebe nke anọ - ntọhapụ.

Systems Usoro enyemaka site na injin combustion dị n'ime

Enweghi engine nke combustion nke oge a nwere ike iji aka ya rụọ ọrụ. Nke a bụ n'ihi na a ga-enyerịrị mmanụ ụgbọ ala na mmanụ ọkụ ahụ, ọ ga-enwu ọkụ n'oge kwesịrị ekwesị, yabụ na njin ahụ 'agaghị afụ ọkụ' site na ikuku ndị na-ekpofu ọkụ, a ga-ewepụ ha n'oge.

Akụkụ na-agba gburugburu chọrọ mmanu mgbe niile. N'ihi ụba okpomọkụ a na-eme n'oge ọkụ ọkụ, a ghaghị ime ka igwe ahụ dị mma. Enweghi usoro ndị a na-esote ya site na moto ahụ n'onwe ya, yabụ igwe ọkụ na-arụ ọrụ n'ime sistemụ inyeaka.

Imara usoro

Ezubere usoro a inyeaka maka mgbanye oge nke ngwakọta combustible na ọnọdụ piston kwesịrị ekwesị (TDC na mkpakọ ọrịa strok). A na-eji ya na mmanụ ụgbọala mmanụ ọkụ na-ere ọkụ n'ime ya ma mejupụta ihe ndị a:

• Isi iyi nke ike. Mgbe injin ahụ zuru ike, batrị a na-arụ ọrụ a (otu esi amalite ụgbọ ala ma ọ bụrụ na batrị ahụ anwụọ, gụọ ya iche iche isiokwu). Mgbe ịmalite engine, isi iyi nke ike bụ jenerato.
• Mkpọchi mgbanye. Ngwaọrụ mechiri eletriki eletrik iji mee ya site na isi ike.
• Ngwaọrụ nchekwa. Imirikiti ụgbọ ala mmanụ ụgbọala nwere eriri ọkụ. Enwekwara ụdị dị iche iche dị iche iche - otu maka plọg ọ bụla. Ha na-agbanwe batrị nke obere batrị na batrị dị elu dị mkpa iji mepụta ọkụ dị elu.
• Onye nkesa - onye na-egbochi mgbanye. N'ime ụgbọ ala carburetor, nke a bụ onye nkesa, n'ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ, ECU na-achịkwa usoro a. Ngwaọrụ ndị a na-ekesa ihe ọkụ eletrik na plọg ọkụ kwesịrị ekwesị.

Usoro mmeghe

Combustion chọrọ nchikota nke ihe atọ: mmanụ ọkụ, oxygen na isi iyi. Ọ bụrụ na etinyere ọkụ eletrik - ọrụ nke usoro mgbanye, mgbe ahụ, usoro oriri na-enye oxygen na injin ahụ ka mmanụ ọkụ wee nwee ike ịgbanye.

Usoro a nwere:

• Nri ikuku - ọkpọkọ alaka ụlọ ọrụ nke na-esi na ikuku dị ọcha. Usoro nnabata ahụ dabere na ngbanwe injin. N'ime igwe ikuku, a na-a airụ ikuku n'ihi na e mepụtara agụụ nke e guzobere na cylinder. Na ụdị turbocharged, a na-emezi usoro a ka ọ dị mma site na ntụgharị nke akara supercharger, nke na-eme ka ikike engine dị elu.
• Ejiri ikuku ikuku iji kpochapụ nsị site na ájá na obere ahụ.
• The trotul valvụ bụ a valvụ na-edozi ego nke ikuku na-abanye moto. A na-achịkwa ya site na ịpị pedal accelerator ma ọ bụ site na eletrọniki nke njikwa njikwa.
• Ntinye ihe oriri bu usoro nke ọkpọkọ ejikọrọ na otu ọkpọkọ. N'ịgbanye ọkụ ọkụ na-ere ọkụ n'ime, a na-etinye valvụ trotul n'elu na ihe nkedo mmanụ maka cylinder ọ bụla. N'ime mgbanwe carburetor, a na-etinye carburetor na ọtụtụ ihe oriri, nke ikuku na mmanụ ụgbọala na-agwakọta.

Na mgbakwunye na ikuku, a ga-enyerịrị mmanụ na cylinders. Maka nke a, e mepụtara usoro mmanụ ọkụ, gụnyere:

• tank mmanụ;
• mmanụ ọkụ - hoses na ọkpọkọ nke mmanụ ụgbọala ma ọ bụ mmanụ dizel na-esi na tank ahụ banye na injin ahụ;
• carburetor ma ọ bụ injector (nozulu usoro na-agba mmanụ);
• mmanụ ụgbọala mgbapụtaịtinye mmanụ site na tank gaa na carburetor ma ọ bụ ngwaọrụ ọzọ maka ịgwakọta mmanụ na ikuku;
• ihe nzacha mmanụ na-ehicha mmanụ ụgbọala ma ọ bụ mmanụ dizel site na mpekere.

Taa enwere ọtụtụ mgbanwe nke motọ nke ejiri ụzọ dị iche iche nyeju ngwakọta na-arụ ọrụ n'ime cylinders. N'ime usoro ndị a enwere:

• otu ogwu (ụkpụrụ carburetor, naanị ya na onu);
• nkesa nkesa (a na-etinye ihe mkpuchi dị iche maka cylinder ọ bụla, a na-emepụta ngwakọta ikuku-mmanụ na ọwa mmiri na-eri nri);
• ntanye kpọmkwem (ihe mkpuchi a na-ekpuchi ngwakọta na-arụ ọrụ n'ime cylinder);
• agwakọta ogwu (na-agwakọta ụkpụrụ nke ntanye na nkesa nkesa)

Ub Usoro nhicha

A ga-ete mmanụ niile nke akụkụ ọla ka ọ dị jụụ ma belata akwa. Iji nye nchebe a, a kwadebere moto ahụ na sistemụ lubrication. Ọ na-echebekwa akụkụ ndị sitere na oxydation ma na-ewepu ego carbon. Usoro mmanu gụnyere:

• sump - ọdọ mmiri nke nwere mmanụ injin;
• mmanụ mgbapụta nke na-emepụta nrụgide, ekele nke a na-enye mmanu na akụkụ niile nke moto ahụ;
• ihe nchacha mmanụ nke na-amịpụta ihe ọ bụla sitere na ọrụ nke moto ahụ;
• ụfọdụ ụgbọala na-onwem na mmanụ oyi maka ọzọ jụrụ nke engine lubricant.

Ipuchapu sistemu

Igwe na-ekpocha ọkụ dị elu na-eme ka mwepụ nke ikuku gas si na ụlọ ọrụ nke cylinders. Ugbo ala nke ugbua nwere usoro kpochapu nke gunyere ihe ndia:

• ihe na-ekpofu ume nke na-egbochi vibrations nke ikuku gas na-ekpo ọkụ;
• ọkpọkọ na-enweta, nke ikuku gas na-esi na ya pụta (dị ka nsị ọkụ, ọ bụ ọla na-eguzogide okpomọkụ);
• ihe mmeghe nke na-ehichapụ gas na-ekpochapu site na ihe ndị na-emerụ ahụ, nke na-enye ohere ka ụgbọ ala ahụ kwekọọ n'ụkpụrụ gburugburu ebe obibi;
• resonator - ikike dị ntakịrị karịa isi ihe ntanetị, nke e mere iji belata ọsọ ọsọ;
• isi moffler, n'ime nke e nwere nkebi na-agbanwe direction nke iyuzucha gas na-ebelata ọsọ na mkpọtụ ha.

System Sistemụ jụrụ

Usoro ihe mgbakwunye a na-enye ohere ka moto ahụ rụọ ọrụ n’enweghị ikpo oke ọkụ. Ọ na-akwado engine na-arụ ọrụ okpomọkụmgbe ọ na-emerụ. Nke mere na ihe ngosi a anaghị agafe oke oke ọbụlagodi mgbe ụgbọ ala ahụ na-anọchi anya, sistemu ahụ nwere akụkụ ndị a:

• jụrụ radiatornke nwere tubes na mbadamba e mere maka mgbanwe ọkụ ọkụ ngwa ngwa n'etiti ikuku na ikuku ikuku;
• onye ofufe na-enye ikuku ikuku dị elu, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụrụ na ụgbọ ala ahụ nọ na mgbochi okporo ụzọ na radiator ezughị oke;
• mgbapụta mmiri, ekele nke a na-eme ka mgbasa nke coolant ahụ, nke na-ewepu okpomọkụ site na mgbidi dị ọkụ nke cylinder block;
• thermostat - a valvụ na-emepe mgbe engine na-ekpo ọkụ na-arụ ọrụ okpomọkụ (tupu ọ triggered, na coolant igbasa na a obere gburugburu, na mgbe ọ na-emepe, mmiri mmiri na-akpali site na igwe okpomọkụ).

Mmekọrịta ọfụma nke sistemụ inyeaka ọ bụla na-eme ka arụmọrụ dị mma nke injin na-ere ọkụ n'ime.

📌 Niniwe Ntughari

Otu okirikiri na-ezo aka na omume ndị a na-emeghachi na otu cylinder. Ejiri igwe nwere okpukpu anọ rụọ ọrụ nke na-eme ka usoro mgbatị ndị a dị iche iche.

Na engine nke combustion, pistin na-emegharị mmegharị (elu / ala) tinyere cylinder. Ogwe njikọ na crank dị na ya gbanwere ike a ka ọ gbanwee. N'ime otu ihe - mgbe pistin si na ala dị ala ruo n'elu na azụ - crankshaft na-eme ka otu mgbanwe gbanwee gburugburu ya.

Maka usoro a iji mee mgbe niile, ngwakọta ikuku mmanụ ga-abanye na cylinder ahụ, a ghaghị ịpịkọta ya na ịgbanye ya n'ime ya, a ga-ewepụkwa ngwaahịa ndị na-ere ọkụ. Otu n'ime usoro ndị a na-ewere ọnọdụ na mgbanwe mgbanwe crankshaft. A na-akpọ omume ndị a Ogwe. Ha anọ nwere anọ na-egbu mmụọ:

1. Oriri ma ọ bụ mmiri. N'oge a, a na-amịkọtara mmanụ ikuku ikuku n'ime oghere cylinder. Ọ na-abanye site na valvụ mepere emepe. Dabere n'ụdị mmanụ ọkụ, mmanụ ụgbọala na-agwakọta ya na ikuku na oriri ma ọ bụ na ozugbo na cylinder, dị ka mmanụ dizel;
2. Mkpakọ. N'oge a, a na-emechi ma ụzọ oriri ma iyuzucha valves. Pistin na-agbago elu n'ihi cranking nke crankshaft, ọ na-agbagharị n'ihi ogbugbu nke ọrịa strok ndị ọzọ dị n'akụkụ ya. Na injin gasoline, a na-etinye VTS n'ọtụtụ ikuku (10-11), yana n'ime mmanụ dizel - karịa 20 atm;
3. Na-arụ ọrụ ọrịa strok. N'oge mgbe pistin ahụ na-akwụsị na elu elu ahụ, a na-agbanye ngwakọta a gwakọtara site na icheku ọkụ site na plọg. Na injin dizel, usoro a dịtụ iche. N'ime ya, ikuku gbakọtara nke ukwuu nke na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ ya na-aba elu na uru nke mmanụ dizel na-agbanye n'onwe ya. Ozugbo mgbawa nke ngwakọta mmanụ na ikuku malitere, ike e wepụtara ewepụta enweghị ebe ọ ga-aga, ọ na-akpali piston ahụ ala;
4. Ngwaahịa Combustion na-ahapụ. Iji mejupụta ụlọ ahụ na akụkụ ọhụrụ nke ngwakọta na-ere ọkụ, a ghaghị iwepu gas ndị e mepụtara n'ihi ọkụ ọkụ. Nke a na - eme n’olu na - esote mgbe piston gbagoro. N'oge a, valvụ mpepụ emepe. Mgbe pistin rutere n'etiti etiti nwụrụ anwụ, a na-emechi okirikiri (ma ọ bụ usoro strok) na cylinder dị iche, a na-emegharị usoro ahụ.

📌 Uru na ọghọm nke ice

Taa nhọrọ engine kachasị mma maka ụgbọ ala bụ ice. Otu n'ime uru dị iche iche dị ka:

• mfe mmezi;
• akụ na ụba maka ogologo njem (dabere na olu ya);
• nnukwu ọrụ ọrụ;
• nnweta maka onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala nke nkezi ego.

Emebebeghị ezigbo igwe eji arụ ọrụ, yabụ nkeji ndị a nwekwara ụfọdụ ọghọm:

• ihe mgbagwoju anya na otu na sistemu yiri ya, ihe ha na adighi ha karie (dika imaatu EcoBoost);
• chọrọ ezigbo ntanye nke usoro mmanụ ọkụ, nkesa mgbanye na usoro ndị ọzọ, nke chọrọ ụfọdụ nka, ma ọ bụghị na injin ahụ agaghị arụ ọrụ nke ọma (ma ọ bụ na ọ gaghị amalite ma ọlị);
• ibu arọ (ma e jiri ya tụnyere igwe ọkụ eletrik);
• eyi nke usoro crank.

N'agbanyeghị ịkwado ọtụtụ ụgbọ ala na ụdị moto ndị ọzọ (ụgbọ ala "dị ọcha" nke ejiri ọkụ eletrik na-arụ), ICE ga-ejigide ọnọdụ asọmpi ogologo oge n'ihi nnweta ha. Ngwakọ ngwakọ na nke eletriki nke ụgbọ ala na-ewu ewu, agbanyeghị, n'ihi oke ọnụ ahịa nke ụgbọ ala ndị a na ọnụ ahịa nke ndozi ha, ndị na-anya ụgbọ ala abịabeghị ha.

Ajụjụ ndị mmadụ na-ajụkarị:

Kedu ihe bụ engine nke combustion? Nke a bụ ụdị nke ike, ebe a na-enye ime ụlọ combustion mechiri emechi na imewe, bụ nke a na-eme ike ọkụ (n'ihi ọkụ nke ngwakọta mmanụ na ikuku) wee gbanwee n'ime ike ọrụ.

Innye Chepụtara Injin Na-ere Ọkụ? Onye French na-emepụta ọkụ ọkụ discoveredtven Lenoir chọtara otu ihe atụ nke injin mbụ nke ụwa na 1860. Igwe ọkụ nke mbụ nke nwere okpukpu anọ, dịka atụmatụ nke ike niile na-arụ ọrụ, Nikolaus Otto chepụtara ya.

Gịnị ka eji injin ya rụọ? Ihe kachasị dị n'ime ụlọ na-ere ọkụ na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ, nke a na-etinye sistem na-ejikọta crank, a na-etinye otu òtù cylind-piston, a na-ekpuchi ngọngọ ahụ na isi cylinder nwere usoro nkesa gas (camshaft na valves), ihe usoro ihe oriri na iyuzucha, usoro oku na oku.