Nwalee mbanye Ime Anwansi: akụkọ ihe mere eme nke teknụzụ compressor

N'ime usoro a, anyị ga-ekwu maka mmanye mmanye mmanye na mmepe nke injin na-ere ọkụ n'ime.

Ọ bụ onye amụma n’ime akwụkwọ-nsọ ​​nke imegharị ụgbọ ala. Ọ bụ onye nzọpụta nke injin dizel. Ruo ọtụtụ afọ, ndị na-emepụta mmanụ ụgbọala leghaara ihe a anya, ma taa ọ na-aghọ ebe niile. Ọ bụ a turbocharger... mma karịa mgbe ọ bụla.

Nwanne ya nwoke, onye na-eme ihe ike na-achịkwa ikike, enweghị atụmatụ ịhapụ ọkwa ahụ. Ọzọkwa, ọ dị njikere maka njikọta nke ga-eduga na mmekọrịta zuru oke. Ya mere, n'ọgba aghara nke esemokwu teknụzụ nke oge a, ndị nnọchianya nke iyi abụọ na-emegiderịta onwe ha tupu oge ochie ejikọla ọnụ, na-egosi na eziokwu ahụ bụ eziokwu ka bụ otu n'agbanyeghị agbanyeghị echiche dị iche.

Oriri 4500 l / 100 km na otutu oxygen

Usoro mgbakọ na mwepụ dịtụ mfe ma dabere naanị n'iwu nke physics… Na-eche na ụgbọ ala na-atụ ihe dịka 1000 kg na nke nwere ikuku ikuku na-enweghị olileanya na-aga mita 305 site na nkwụsị n'ihe na-erughị 4,0 sekọnd, na-eru ọsọ nke 500 km / h na njedebe. nke ngalaba, ike engine nke ụgbọ ala a ga-agafe 9000 hp. Otu ngụkọ ahụ na-egosi na n'ime otu ngalaba, crankshaft nke injin na-agbagharị na rpm 8400 ga-enwe ike ịgbanwuo ihe dị ka ugboro 560, mana nke ahụ agaghị egbochi injin 8,2-liter ị nweta ihe dị ka lita 15 mmanụ. N'ihi otu mgbako dị mfe ọzọ, ọ na-edo anya na, dị ka ọkọlọtọ ọkọlọtọ nke oriri mmanụ ụgbọala, nkezi oriri nke ụgbọ ala a karịrị 4500 l / 100 km. Na okwu - puku anọ na narị ise lita. N'ezie, engines ndị a enweghị usoro jụrụ oyi - mmanụ ọkụ na-eme ka ha dị mma ...

Enweghị akụkọ ifo na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị a ... Ndị a bụ nnukwu, mana ezigbo ụkpụrụ sitere na ụwa nke ịgba ọsọ ịdọrọ ọgbara ọhụrụ. Ọ bụ ihe siri ike na-ezo aka ụgbọ ala na-ekere òkè n'ọsọ maka kacha osooso dị ka ndị na-agba ọsọ ụgbọ ala, ebe ọ bụ na surreal anọ wheeled e kere eke, shrouded na-acha anụnụ anụnụ anwụrụ ọkụ, bụ enweghị atụ ọbụna na ude nke oge a akpakanamde technology na-eji na Formula 1. Ya mere, anyị ga- jiri aha ewu ewu "ndị na-adọkpụ" . - Obi abụọ adịghị ya na-adọrọ mmasị n'ụzọ nke aka ha, ụgbọ ala pụrụ iche nke na-ebuga mmetụta pụrụ iche ma ndị na-egwu egwu n'èzí egwu 305-mita na ndị na-anya ụgbọ elu nke ụbụrụ ha, na ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa nke 5 g, nwere ike na-ewere ụdị ihe oyiyi nwere agba abụọ na-acha anụnụ anụnụ. azụ nke okpokoro isi

Ndị a na-adọkpụ bụ ma eleghị anya ụdị ndị a ma ama na nke kachasị ewu ewu na United States, bụ nke a na-akpọ Top Top Fuel. Aha a sitere na oke oru nke nitromethane kemikal nke igwe oku oku na-eji dika mmanu ha. N'okpuru mmetụta nke ngwakọta a na-agbawa agbawa, injin ndị ahụ na-arụ ọrụ na ọnọdụ buru oke ibu ma na agbụrụ ole na ole tụgharịrị ghọọ mkpo nke igwe na-enweghị isi, yana n'ihi ike nke mmanụ ọkụ na-aga n'ihu na-aga n'ihu, ụda nke ọrụ ha yiri mkpọtụ dị egwu nke anụ ọhịa na-agụta oge ikpeazụ nke ndụ gị. Usoro na injin nwere ike iji ya tụnyere ọgba aghara zuru oke na-enweghị nchịkwa nke na-egbochi ịchụ onwe onye. Abụkarị nke otu cylinders ida na njedebe nke mbụ ngalaba. Ike nke injin ndị e ji eme egwuregwu a na-abata ụkpụrụ nke na-enweghị ike na ụwa nwere ike ịlele, na iji igwe eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi gafere oke njedebe nke injinịa ...

Mana ka anyi laghachi azu n’ime akuko anyi ma leru anya nke oma na ihe eji agba mmanụ ala nitromethane (nke agwakọtara na pesenti ole na ole na - edozi methanol), nke bụ ihe ịrụ ụka adịghị ya na ihe kachasi ike nke ejiri n’ụdị ọ bụla nke ịnya ụgbọ ala. ọrụ. Ngwongwo carbon ọ bụla na molekul ya (CH3NO2) nwere mkpụrụ oxygen abụọ, nke pụtara na mmanụ ọkụ na-eburu ya na ọtụtụ oxidant achọrọ maka ọkụ. Maka otu ebumnuche ahụ, ọdịnaya ume kwa lita nke nitromethane dị ala karịa lita mmanụ ọ bụla, mana ya na oke ikuku ọhụrụ nke injin ahụ nwere ike ịmịnye n'ime ụlọ ọkụ, nitromethane ga-enye ike zuru oke karịa ume n'oge ọkụ ọkụ. ... Nke a ga-ekwe omume n'ihi na ya onwe ya nwere oxygen ma ya mere ọ nwere ike ịgbanye ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ndị mejupụtara mmanụ hydrocarbon (ọ na-abụkarị nke anaghị ere ọkụ na enweghị oxygen). N’ikwu ya n’ụzọ ọzọ, nitromethane nwere ume 3,7 karịa mmanụ ụgbọala, mana site n’otu ikuku, ikuku nitromethane nwere okpukpu asatọ karịa mmanụ ụgbọala.

Onye ọ bụla maara usoro combustion n'ime ụgbọ ala maara na ezigbo nsogbu na "ịkụnye" ike karịa n'ime engine combustion abụghị ime ka mmanụ ọkụ banye n'ime ụlọ - nfuli hydraulic dị ike zuru ezu maka nke a. na-eru oke nrụgide. Ihe ịma aka dị n'ezie bụ ịnye ikuku zuru oke (ma ọ bụ oxygen) iji oxidize hydrocarbons wee hụ na ọkụ kacha arụ ọrụ nke ọma ga-ekwe omume. Ọ bụ ya mere mmanụ ụgbọala na-adọkpụ na-eji nitrogetan, na-enweghị nke ọ ga-abụ ihe a na-apụghị ichetụ n'echiche iji nweta nsonaazụ nke usoro a site na engine nwere mgbapu nke 8,2 lita. N'otu oge ahụ, ụgbọala na-arụ ọrụ na pụtara ọgaranya ngwakọta (n'okpuru ụfọdụ ọnọdụ nitromethane nwere ike na-amalite oxidize), n'ihi nke ụfọdụ mmanụ ụgbọala na-oxidized na iyuzucha ọkpọkọ na-emepụta nnukwu anwansi ọkụ n'elu ha.

Torque 6750 mita Newton

Nkezi torque nke engines ndị a ruru 6750 Nm. Eleghị anya ị chọpụtala na e nwere ihe iju na nke a niile mgbakọ na mwepụ ... Nke bụ eziokwu bụ na iji ruo egosi oke ụkpụrụ, ọ bụla nke abụọ engine na-agba ọsọ na 8400 rpm ga-aṅụ na ọzọ, ọ dịghị ihe na-erughị 1,7 cubic mita. ikuku ọhụrụ. Enwere naanị otu ụzọ iji mee nke a - njuputa mmanye. Ọrụ bụ isi na nke a bụ nnukwu ihe eji arụ ọrụ ụdị Roots kpochapụwo, n'ihi nke nrụgide dị n'ụdị injin dragster (nke sitere na prehistoric Chrysler Hemi Elephant) ruru ụlọ mmanya 5 dị egwu.

Iji ghọta nke ọma ihe ibu na-etinye aka na nke a, ka anyị were dị ka ihe atụ otu n'ime akụkọ ifo nke oge ọla edo nke igwe compressors - 3,0-liter racing V12. Mercedes-Benz W154. Ike nke igwe a bụ 468 hp. na., ma ekwesịrị iburu n'uche na draịvụ compressor weghaara 150 hp. ya na., Na-eruteghị mmanya 5 akọwapụtara. Ọ bụrụ na anyị tinye 150 puku s ugbu a na akaụntụ ahụ, anyị ga-abịa na nkwubi okwu na W154 nwere 618 hp dị egwu maka oge ya. Ị nwere ike ikpebi n'onwe gị ole ezigbo ike engines dị na klas Top Fuel na-enweta na ole n'ime ya na-etinye uche na ya site na igwe compressor mbanye. N'ezie, iji turbocharger na nke a ga-abụrịrị nke ọma karị, ma imewe ya enweghị ike ịnagide oke ọkụ ọkụ site na ikuku ikuku.

Mmalite nke nkwekọrịta

Maka ihe ka ọtụtụ n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụgbọala, ọnụnọ nke ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ na-enwu enyo bụ ngosipụta nke teknụzụ kachasị ọhụrụ maka ọkwa mmepe kwekọrọ. Nke a bụ ikpe na 2005 mgbe onyinye onyinye maka teknụzụ ọhụrụ na ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ ala na egwuregwu, aha ya bụ onye guzobere magazin ahụ, bụ Paul Peach, nyere onye isi VW engine development Rudolf Krebs na ndị otu mmepe ya. itinye teknụzụ Twincharger n'ọrụ njin mmanụ ụgbọ ala otu lita 1,4. N'ihi ngwakọta a na-amanye nke cylinders na-eji usoro mmekọrịta nke usoro na turbocharger, ngalaba ahụ jiri nkà jikọta nkesa nkenke nke otu na ikike dị elu nke injinị na-achọkarị iji nnukwu mwepụ na akụ na ụba na akụnụba nke obere injin. Afọ iri na otu mgbe e mesịrị, VW si 11-liter TSI engine (na ubé mụbara displace iji kwụọ ụgwọ maka ya ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma mkpi n'ihi Miller okirikiri eji) ugbu a atụmatụ nnọọ ihe ndị ọzọ elu VNT turbocharger technology na a na-ọzọ nominated maka a Paul Peach Award.

N'ezie, ụgbọ ala nrụpụta mbụ nwere injin mmanụ ụgbọ ala na jiometrị na -agbanwe agbanwe, Porsche 911 Turbo wepụtara na 2005. Ndị nrụpụta abụọ, ndị injinia Porsche R&D na ndị ọrụ ibe ha na Borg Warner Turbo Systems jikọtara ọnụ, VW na-eji echiche a ma ama na ogologo oge nke geometry na-agbanwe agbanwe na nkeji turbodiesel, nke etinyerebeghị na injin mmanụ ụgbọ ala n'ihi nsogbu. na elu (ihe dị ka ogo 200 ma e jiri ya tụnyere mmanụ dizel) nkezi ikuku ikuku na -agwụcha. Maka nke a, ejiri ihe mejupụtara ihe na-eguzogide okpomọkụ sitere na ụlọ ọrụ aerospace maka ihe ntụzịaka gas na njikwa njikwa ngwa ngwa na sistemụ njikwa. Mmezu nke ndị injinia VW.

Oge ọlaedo nke turbocharger

Kemgbe nkwụsị nke 745i na 1986, BMW agbachitere nkà ihe ọmụma nke aka ya maka injin mmanụ ụgbọ ala, nke naanị otu ụzọ '' Ọtọdọks '' ga -esi nweta ike karịa bụ ịgbanye injin ahụ na ntụgharị dị elu. Enweghị ozizi nduhie na iji ihe nrụpụta ihe eji arụ ọrụ a la Mercedes (C 200 Kompressor) ma ọ bụ Toyota (Corolla Compressor), enweghị ajọ mbunobi n'ebe VW ma ọ bụ Opel turbochargers. Ndị na-ewu injin Munich na-ahọrọ njuputa ugboro ugboro na nrụgide ikuku nkịtị, iji usoro teknụzụ dị elu yana, n'ọnọdụ ndị siri ike, mwepụ dị ukwuu. Nnwale Compressor dabere na igwe Bavaria fọrọ nke nta ka ebugara ya na "fakirs" site na ụlọ ọrụ na -akụzi Alpina, nke dị nso na nchegbu Munich.

Taa, BMW anaghịzi arụpụta engines mmanụ ụgbọala na-achọsi ike, na ahịrị mmanụ dizel agụnyelarị injin turbocharged cylinder anọ. Volvo na-eji nchikota mmanụ ụgbọala na igwe na turbocharger, Audi emepụtala engine mmanụ dizel na ngwakọta nke igwe ọkụ eletrik na chaja chaja abụọ cascade, Mercedes nwere engine petrol na eletriki na turbocharger.

Otú ọ dị, tupu anyị ekwuo banyere ha, anyị ga-alaghachi azụ n'oge iji chọta mgbọrọgwụ nke mgbanwe nkà na ụzụ a. Anyị ga-amụta otú ndị na-emepụta America si gbalịa iji teknụzụ turbo iji kwụọ ụgwọ maka mbelata nha engine nke sitere na ọgba aghara mmanụ abụọ na iri asatọ na otu ha si daa na mbọ ndị a. Anyị ga-ekwu maka mgbalị Rudolf Diesel na-emeghị nke ọma iji mepụta engine compressor. Anyị ga-echeta oge ebube nke igwe compressor na 20s na 30s, yana ogologo afọ echefuru echefu. N'ezie, anyị agaghị atụ uche ọdịdị nke mbụ mmepụta ụdị nke turbochargers mgbe mbụ isi mmanụ nsogbu nke 70s. Ma ọ bụ maka sistemụ ngwakọta Scania Turbo. Na nkenke - anyị ga-agwa gị gbasara akụkọ ihe mere eme na mgbanwe nke teknụzụ compressor ...

(ịgbaso)

Ederede: Georgy Kolev