Engine crank usoro: ngwaọrụ, nzube, otú o si arụ ọrụ

N'ime igwe ọkụ na-ere ọkụ n'ime, enwere usoro abụọ na-eme ka o kwe omume ịkwaga ụgbọ ala. Ọ bụ nkesa gas na crank. Ka anyị lekwasị anya na nzube nke KShM na nhazi ya.

Gịnị bụ engine crank usoro

KShM pụtara usoro ihe eji arụ ọrụ nke na-etolite otu. N'ime ya, ngwakọta nke mmanụ na ikuku n'otu akụkụ na-ere ọkụ ma wepụta ike. Usoro a nwere ụzọ abụọ nke akụkụ ahụ na-agagharị:

• Movementsrụ mmegharị mmega - pistin ahụ na-agbago elu / ala na cylinder;
• Movementsrụ mmeghari ntụgharị - crankshaft na akụkụ awụnyere na ya.

Otu eriri nke jikọtara ụdị akụkụ abụọ ahụ nwere ike ịgbanwe otu ụdị ike n'ime ọzọ. Mgbe moto na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, nkesa nke ike na-esite na engine nke combustion na chassis. Carsfọdụ ụgbọ ala na-ekwe ka ike ibugharị azụ site na wiilị na moto. Mkpa maka nke a nwere ike ibilite, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụrụ na ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịmalite igwe site na batrị. Nhazi usoro na-enye gị ohere ịmalite ụgbọ ala site na nrụgide.

Gịnị bụ engine crank usoro maka?

KShM na-agbatị usoro ndị ọzọ, na-enweghị nke ọ gaghị ekwe omume ụgbọ ala ịga. N'ime ugbo ala eletriki, igwe eletriki, n'ihi ike ọ na-enweta site na batrị, na-emepụta ntụgharị ozugbo nke na-aga na nnyefe nnyefe.

Ihe ọghọm nke nkeji eletrik bụ na ha nwere obere nchekwa. Agbanyeghị na ndị isi na-arụpụta ụgbọ ala eletrik ebulitela ụlọ mmanya a ruo ọtụtụ narị kilomita, ọnụ ọgụgụ ka ukwuu nke ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala anaghị enwe ụdị ụgbọ ala ndị a n'ihi oke ọnụ ahịa ha.

Nanị ihe ngwọta dị ọnụ ala, ekele nke ọ ga-ekwe omume njem ogologo oge na oke ọsọ, bụ ụgbọ ala nwere injin combustion dị n'ime. Ọ na-eji ike nke ntiwapụ (ma ọ bụ kama mmụba mgbe ọ gasịrị) iji tọọ mmegharị akụkụ nke otu cylinder-piston.

Ebumnuche nke KShM bụ iji hụ na ntụgharị otu nke crankshaft n'oge mmegharị nke piston. Enwebeghị ike ịghagharị nke ọma, mana enwere mgbanwe maka usoro ndị na-ebelata nkwụsị nke na-apụta na mberede nke pistons. 12-cylinder engines bụ ihe atụ nke a. The n'akuku nke Ndahie nke cranks na ha dị ntakịrị, na a na-ekesa ihe omume nke otu ìgwè cylinders karịa ọnụ ọgụgụ ka ukwuu.

Principlekpụrụ nke ọrụ nke crank usoro

Ọ bụrụ na ị kọwaa ụkpụrụ nke ọrụ nke usoro a, mgbe ahụ enwere ike iji ya tụnyere usoro nke na-eme mgbe ị na-agba ịnyịnya ígwè. Onye na-agba ịnyịnya ígwè na-aga n'ihu na pedal ya, na-eme ka draịva ahụ gbanwee.

A na-enye usoro eriri nke piston site na combustion nke BTC na cylinder. N'oge microexplosion (HTS na-agbachi ike n'oge a na-etinye ọkụ ahụ, ya mere, a na-akpụ nkọ siri ike), gas na-agbasawanye, na-eme ka akụkụ ahụ gaa n'ọnọdụ kachasị ala.

Ejikọtara mkpara njikọ ahụ na crank dị iche na crankshaft. Inertia, yana usoro yiri ya na cylinders dị n'akụkụ, na-eme ka o doo anya na crankshaft na-agbagharị. Pistin adịghị ifriizi na oke ala na elu ihe.

A na-ejikọ crankshaft na-agbagharị agbagharị na windo nke a na-ejikọ elu ikuku nnyefe.

Mgbe ngwụsị nke ọrịa strok nke na-arụ ọrụ, maka ogbugbu nke ọrịa strok ndị ọzọ nke moto ahụ, a na-etinye piston ahụ ugbu a n'ihi ntụgharị nke usoro ahụ. O kwere omume n'ihi ogbugbu nke ọrịa strok na-arụ ọrụ na mpaghara ndị gbara ya gburugburu. Iji belata njakịrị, akwụkwọ akụkọ crank dị iche na ibe ya (enwere mgbanwe na akwụkwọ akụkọ na-akara).

Ngwaọrụ KShM

The crank usoro na-agụnye a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke akụkụ. Na nkwekọrịta, a ga-ekewa ha ụzọ abụọ: ndị na-eme njem ahụ na ndị na-anọ otu ebe oge niile. Fọdụ na-eme ụdị mmegharị dị iche iche (ntụgharị ma ọ bụ ntụgharị), ebe ndị ọzọ na-eje ozi dị ka ụdị nke nchịkọta nke ume dị mkpa ma ọ bụ nkwado maka ihe ndị a.

Ndị a bụ ọrụ rụrụ site niile ọcha nke crank usoro.

Gbochie crankcase

Nkedo site na igwe na-adịgide adịgide (n'ụgbọ ala mmefu ego - iron cast, na n'ụgbọ ala dị oke ọnụ karị - aluminom ma ọ bụ alloy ndị ọzọ). A na-eme oghere ndị dị mkpa na ọwa na ya. A na-ekunye ọ oilụ mmiri na mmanụ injin gị. Oghere teknụzụ na-ekwe ka isi ihe dị na moto ahụ jikọọ n'otu usoro.

Oghere kachasị ibu bụ cylinders n'onwe ha. A na-etinye pistons n'ime ha. Ọzọkwa, ngọngọ imewe nwere nkwado maka crankshaft support biarin. Igwe nkesa gas dị n'isi cylinder.

Ojiji nke ihe nkedo ma obu aluminom alloy bu n'ihi na ihe mmewere gha aghagide ibu nke igwe na nke oku.

N’ala ebe a na-eme akwa akwa akwa mmiri nwere mmanụ mmanụ na-agbakọba mgbe etinyere ihe niile ahụ. Iji gbochie oke nrụgide gas na-ewu n'ime oghere, ihe owuwu ahụ nwere ọwa ikuku.

Enwere ụgbọ ala ndị mmiri ma ọ bụ mmiri mmiri kpọrọ nkụ. Na nke mbụ, a na-achịkọta mmanụ na sump ma nọgide na ya. Ihe a bụ ọdọ mmiri maka nchịkọta na nchekwa nke griiz. N'okwu nke abụọ, mmanụ na-abanye n'ime mmiri ahụ, mana mgbapụta ahụ na-agbapụta ya n'ime tank dị iche. Nhazi a ga - egbochi mmanụ zuru ezu ma ọ bụrụ na ọ ga - adaba - naanị obere akụkụ nke mmanu ga - apụ mgbe injin gbanyụrụ.

Ụlọ mkpuchi

Silinda ahụ bụ ihe ọzọ nke moto ahụ. N'ezie, nke a bụ oghere nwere geometry siri ike (pistin ahụ kwesịrị ịbanye n'ụzọ zuru oke n'ime ya). Ha sokwa na otu cylinder-piston. Agbanyeghị, n'ime usoro crank, ndị cylinders na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị nduzi. Ha na-enye usoro pistons siri ike.

Akụkụ nke ihe a dabere na njirimara moto na nha nke pistons. Mgbidi dị n'elu ihe owuwu ahụ na-eche ihu ihu igwe kachasị dị na igwe nwere ike ịpụta. Ọzọkwa, n'ime ụlọ a na-akpọ combustion (n'elu oghere piston), mmụba mgbasa nke gas na-apụta mgbe mgbanye nke VTS.

Iji gbochie oke uwe nke mgbidi cylinder na oke okpomọkụ (n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ ọ nwere ike ịrị elu nke ọma ruo ogo 2) na nrụgide dị elu, a na-ete ha mmanụ. Ihe nkiri dị mkpa nke mmanụ na-etolite n'etiti O-yiri mgbaaka na cylinder iji gbochie kọntaktị metal-metal. Iji belata ike esemokwu, a na-eji ihe dị iche iche na-eme ka a na-eme ka elu dị n'ime ya na-eme ka ọ dị mma (ya mere, a na-akpọ elu ahụ enyo).

E nwere ụdị cylinders abụọ:

• Rydị akọrọ. Ndị a cylinders na-bụ-eji na igwe. Ha bụ akụkụ nke mgbochi ahụ ma yie oghere ndị mere na ikpe ahụ. Iji mee ka ọla ahụ dị jụụ, a na-eme ọwa na mpụga nke cylinders maka mgbasa nke coolant (jaket engine engine nke combustion);
• Wet ụdị. N'okwu a, a ga-eji aka iche rụọ cylinders a na-etinye n'ime oghere nke mgbochi ahụ. A na-emechi ha n'ụzọ zuru ezu ka e wee ghara ịmepụta vibrations ndị ọzọ n'oge ọrụ nke otu, n'ihi nke akụkụ KShM ga-ada ngwa ngwa. Ndị dị otú ahụ dị na kọntaktị na coolant site n'èzí. Ọdịdị yiri nke moto ahụ na-adị mfe ịrụzi (dịka ọmụmaatụ, mgbe etolite etinyere miri emi, a na-agbanwe aka uwe naanị, ọ gaghị agwụ ike ma mebie oghere nke mgbochi ahụ n'oge isi ụgbọ ala).

Na injin V, ụdị cylinders anaghị adịkarị n'ọnọdụ ọ bụla. Nke a bụ n'ihi na otu njikọ mkpanaka na-eje ozi otu cylinder, ọ nwekwara ebe dị iche na crankshaft. Agbanyeghị, enwerekwa mgbanwe na mkpanaka njikọ abụọ na otu akwụkwọ mkpanaka njikọ.

Mgbochi ụlọ nche

Nke a bụ akụkụ kachasị ukwuu nke imepụta moto. N'elu ihe a, etinyere isi cylinder ahụ, ma n'etiti ha enwere gasket (gịnị kpatara eji chọọ ya yana otu esi achọpụta nrụrụ ya, gụọ na nyocha ozo).

A na-eme ka ezumike dị na isi cylinder ahụ wee mepụta oghere pụrụ iche. N'ime ya, a na-agbanye ngwakọta ikuku-mmanụ ọkụ (nke a na-akpọkarị ụlọ ọkụ). Mgbanwe ndị a na-eme ka ụgbọ mmiri na-eme ka mmiri dị mmiri mmiri ga-enwe isi nwere ọwa maka ịgbasa mmiri.

Ọkpọ engine

A na-akpọ akụkụ niile edozi nke KShM, jikọtara n'otu usoro, ọkpọ. Akụkụ a na-ahụ nnukwu ikike dị ike n'oge ọrụ nke akụkụ ndị na-akpụ akpụ nke usoro ahụ. Dabere n’otú e si rụnye njin ahụ n’ogige injin ahụ, ọkpọ ahụ na-amịkwara ibu dị n’ahụ́ ya ma ọ bụ n’ogwe ya. N'ime usoro mmegharị, akụkụ a na-adabakwa na mmetụta nke nnyefe na chassis nke igwe.

Iji gbochie engine nke combustion na-agagharị n'oge osooso, braking ma ọ bụ na-emegharị ahụ, a na-agbanye etiti ahụ n'akụkụ akụkụ nke ụgbọala ahụ. Iji kpochapụ ịma jijiji na nkwonkwo ahụ, a na-eji igwe nrịgo eji rọba eme ihe. Ọdịdị ha dabere na ngbanwe nke injin ahụ.

Mgbe igwe na-aga n'okporo ụzọ na-adịghị mma, ahụ na-enwe nrụgide torsional. Iji gbochie moto ịnwe ụdị ibu a, a na-etinyekarị ya na isi atọ.

Akụkụ ndị ọzọ niile nke usoro ahụ na-agagharị.

pistin

Ọ bụ akụkụ nke otu KShM piston. Pistdị nke pistons nwekwara ike ịdị iche, mana isi ihe bụ na a na-eme ha n'ụdị iko. A na-akpọ elu piston ahụ isi ma kpọọ ala uwe mwụda.

Isi pistin bụ akụkụ kachasị oke, ebe ọ na-ewere nrụgide nke nrụgide na nrụgide mgbe a na-agbanye mmanụ ọkụ. Ọgwụgwụ nke ihe ahụ (ala) nwere ike inwe ụdị dị iche iche - ewepụghị, ma ọ bụ concave. Akụkụ a na-etolite akụkụ nke ụlọ ọkụ. Mgbanwe na ịda mba nke ụdị dị iche iche na-ezutekarị. Typesdị akụkụ ndị a niile dabere n'ụdị ICE, ụkpụrụ nke ịnye mmanụ, wdg.

A na-eme ka uzo dị n'akụkụ piston maka ntinye nke O-yiri mgbaaka. N'okpuru okpuru ndị a, enwere ebe ezumike mmanụ si n'akụkụ ahụ. Uwe ahụ na-abụkarị oval n'ụdị, akụkụ ya bụ ntụzịaka na-egbochi piston wedge n'ihi mmụba ọkụ.

Iji mezuo ike nke enweghị ike, a na-eji ihe ndị na-acha ọkụ ọkụ mee pistons ndị ahụ. N'ihi nke a, ha dị fechaa. Ala nke akụkụ ahụ, yana mgbidi nke ụlọ ọkụ ọkụ, na-ezute oke okpomọkụ. Agbanyeghị, akụkụ a anaghị ajụ oyi site na ịgagharị coolant na jaket. Maka nke a, ihe aluminom nwere ike ịgbasawanye.

Pistin bụ mmanụ mma iji gbochie ọdịdọ. N'ọtụtụ ụdị ụgbọ ala, a na-enye mmanu mmanụ n'ụzọ nkịtị - mmanụ mmanụ na-edozi n'elu ma laghachi n'ime sump. Otú ọ dị, e nwere injin nke a na-ebute mmanụ na nrụgide, na-enye nkwụsị ọkụ ka mma site na mbara igwe dị ọkụ.

Pistin yiri mgbaaka

Ihe mgbanaka pistin na-arụ ọrụ ya dabere na akụkụ nke isi piston arụnyere na:

• Mkpakọ - nke kachasị elu. Ha na-enye akara n'etiti cylinder na mgbidi pistin. Nzube ha bụ igbochi gas sitere na oghere piston ịbanye na crankcase. Iji kwado ntinye nke akụkụ ahụ, a na-ebipụ ya na ya;
• Ihe nchacha mmanụ - hụ na mwepụ nke mmanụ karịrị site na mgbidi cylinder, ma gbochie ịbanye nke mmanu n'ime oghere piston dị n'elu. Ndị a yiri mgbaaka nwere pụrụ iche grooves ikwado mmanụ drainage na pistin igbapu grooves.

Akara nke mgbanaka ahụ buru ibu karịa dayameta nke cylinder ahụ. N'ihi nke a, ha na-enye akara na otu cylinder-piston. Ya mere na gas ma mmanụ adịghị esi na mkpọchi ahụ, a na-etinye mgbanaka ahụ n'ọnọdụ ha na oghere ntụpọ ndị ọzọ.

Ihe eji eme mgbaaka na-adabere na ntinye ha. Yabụ, a na-ejikarị ihe nkedo na-eme ihe nrụgide dị elu na obere ihe na-adịghị ọcha, yana ihe ndị na-ekpocha mmanụ na-eji ígwè dị elu.

Pin pin

Akụkụ a na-enye piston ahụ aka na mkpanaka njikọ. Ọ dị ka oghere dị omimi, nke a na-etinye n'okpuru isi piston na ndị isi ọrụ n'otu oge ahụ n'otu oge site na oghere dị na isi mkpanaka njikọ. Iji gbochie mkpịsị aka ahụ ịgagharị, a na-edozi ya na mgbaaka na-ejigide ya n'akụkụ abụọ.

Ndozi a na-eme ka pin na-agbagharị kpamkpam, nke na-ebelata nguzogide mmegharị piston. Nke a na - egbochi nguzobe nke na - arụ ọrụ naanị n'akụkụ mgbakwunye na piston ma ọ bụ njikọ njikọ, nke na - agbatịkwu ndụ ọrụ nke akụkụ ahụ.

Iji gbochie iyi n'ihi ike esemokwu, akụkụ ahụ bụ nke ígwè. Na maka iguzogide nrụgide ọkụ, ọ na-eme ka obi sie ya ike.

Ijikọ mkpanaka

Mkpanaka njikọta bụ mkpara gbara ọkpụrụkpụ nwere ọgịrịga siri ike. N'otu aka, ọ nwere piston isi (oghere nke etinyere pin pistin), na nke ọzọ, isi mkpuchi. Ihe nke abuo bu nke dara ada ka enwere ike wepu ma obu tinye ya na crankshaft crank journal. O nwere ihe nkpuchi nke etinyere ya na isi ya na mgbochi, iji gbochie iyi nke akụrụngwa, etinyere ya na oghere maka mmanu ya.

A na-akpọ bushing isi dị ala nke njikọ njikọta. A na-eji efere ígwè abụọ ejiri aka ya mee ka ọ bụrụ isi ya.

Iji belata ikike esemokwu nke akụkụ dị n'ime nke isi ahụ dị elu, a na-agbanye ogbe ọla n'ime ya. Ọ bụrụ na ọ gwụla, usoro njikọta niile agaghị achọ ka edochi ya. Bushing nwere oghere maka ịnye mmanụ na ntụtụ.

Enwere ọtụtụ mgbanwe nke mkpanaka njikọ:

• Mmanụ petrolu na-ejikarị ejikọtara ya na mkpịsị njikọta ya na isi njikọ ya n'akụkụ akụkụ aka ya na njikọ njikọta;
• Ngwongwo na-ere mmanụ diesel n'ime ya nwere mkpanaka njikọ na njikọta nke isi;
• V-engines na-ejikarị ejima ejikọ ejikọtara. A na-edozi mkpara nke abụọ nke ahịrị nke abụọ na isi ya na ntụtụ dịka otu ụkpụrụ si dị na piston.

Crankshaft

Ihe mejupụtara a nwere ọtụtụ cranks na nhazi nke dechapụ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ njikọ njikọta metụtara isi nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị bụ isi. E nweelarị ụdị crankshafts na atụmatụ ha iche nyocha.

Ebumnuche nke akụkụ a bụ ịgbanwe ntụgharị ntụgharị site na piston ka ọ bụrụ ntụgharị. The crank pin jikọọ na ala ejikọta mkpanaka isi. E nwere isi biarin na abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa ebe na crankshaft iji gbochie vibration n'ihi na-ezighị ezi adiana nke cranks.

Imirikiti crankshafts nwere mpempe akwụkwọ iji mejupụta ikike ikuku dị na isi. A na-eme akụkụ ahụ site na nkedo ma ọ bụ tụgharịa site na otu oghere na lathes.

A pole bụ mmasị na mkpịsị ụkwụ nke crankshaft, nke na-eme ka ikuku na-ekesa gas na akụrụngwa ndị ọzọ, dị ka mgbapụta, generator na draịva ikuku. Enwere Flange na shank. A na-etinye eriri elu ya na ya.

Flywheel

Akụkụ diski. A na-etinyekwa ụdị na ụdị dị iche iche na-efe efe na ọdịiche ha iche iche isiokwu... Ọ dị mkpa iji merie mkpakọ na-eguzogide na cylinders mgbe pistin dị na mkpakọ ọrịa strok. Nke a bụ n'ihi inertia nke diski a na-atụgharị atụgharị.

A na-edozi rim na njedebe nke akụkụ ahụ. Ejikọtara Starter bendix gear na ya n'oge njin ahụ malitere. N'akụkụ chere ihu na flange ahụ, elu elu elu ahụ na-abanye na njigide diski nke nkata nkesa. Ike kachasị nke esemokwu n'etiti ihe ndị a na-eme ka nnyefe nke torque gaa na gearbox gear.

Dịka ị pụrụ ịhụ, usoro crank ahụ nwere usoro dị mgbagwoju anya, n'ihi nke a ga-arụ ọrụ mmezi nke naanị ndị ọkachamara. Iji ịgbatị ndụ injin ahụ, ọ dị ezigbo mkpa ịgbaso usoro mmezi nke ụgbọ ala ahụ.

Na mgbakwunye, lee nyocha vidiyo banyere KShM:

Usoro crank (KShM). Ihe ndị bụ isi

Ajụjụ & Azịza:

Kedu akụkụ agụnyere na usoro crank? Akụkụ ndị na-eguzo: ngọngọ cylinder, isi ngọngọ, ihe mkpuchi cylinder, liners na isi bearings. Akụkụ na-akpụ akpụ: piston nwere mgbanaka, piston pin, mkpanaka njikọ, crankshaft na flywheel.

Kedu aha akụkụ KShM a? Nke a bụ usoro crank. Ọ na-atụgharị mmegharị mmegharị nke piston dị na cylinders ka ọ bụrụ mmegharị ntụgharị nke crankshaft.

Kedu ihe bụ ọrụ nke akụkụ ndị a kapịrị ọnụ nke KShM? Akụkụ ndị a na-ahụ maka iduzi akụkụ ndị na-akpụ akpụ nke ọma (dịka ọmụmaatụ, mmegharị pistons kwụ ọtọ) ma dozie ha maka ntụgharị (dịka ọmụmaatụ, isi bearings).