Jaguar, akụkọ ihe mere eme - Akụkọ akpaaka

Ịdị mma na ịma mma: ndị a bụ ike ụgbọ ala karịa afọ 90. jaguar... Akara a (nke, n'etiti ihe ndị ọzọ, na -etu ọnụ ihe ịga nke ọma na ndekọ 24 awa Le Mans n'etiti ndị nrụpụta Britain) lanarị ọgba aghara niile nke ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ ala Britain ma ọ ka bụ otu n'ime mmadụ ole na ole nwere ike iguzogide ụdị "adịchaghị mma" nke German. Ka anyị chọpụta akụkọ ya ọnụ.

Jaguar, akụkọ ihe mere eme

История jaguar malitere na Septemba 1922 mgbe Lions William (onye na -anụ ọgba tum tum) e William Walmsley (onye na -ewu ụlọ ọgba tum tum) gbakọtara wee chọta Ụlọ ọrụ ịnya ụgbọ ala... Companylọ ọrụ a, nke mbụ ọkachamara na mmepụta ụgbọ ala nwere ụkwụ abụọ, nwetara nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma na ọkara nke abụọ nke 20s na ịmepụta ụlọ ahịa ahụ maka Austin asaaezubere iche na ndị ahịa na -achọ ịpụ iche mana ha achọghị ịfefe oke.

Carsgbọ ala mbụ

Lyons, ike gwụrụ ya na iji ụgbọ ala sitere na ndị nrụpụta ndị ọzọ arụ ọrụ, chepụta ụgbọ ala abụọ na nke mbụ wee gosipụta ya na 1931 London Motor Show: nchọpụta NJ 1 e NJ 2 ha dị oke ọnụ mana ha dị ọnụ ala. Walmsley hapụrụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ka afọ atọ gachara.

Aha gbanwere

Na 1935 aha jaguar a na -ebu ụzọ eji ya na sedan 2.5 akpọrọ SS Jaguar na afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị, akara ndị Britain nwere mmeri egwuregwu mbụ ya mgbe ndị Britain Jack Harrop emeri Mgbasa ozi RAC (mmeri ahụ megharịrị ọzọ na 1938) na -anya otu SS100.

N'oge Agha IIwa nke Abụọ, mmepụta gbadoro ụkwụ na igwe kwụ otu ebe maka ndị agha nke ịdị ebube ya, na njedebe nke esemokwu ahụ, njikwa kpebiri ire nkewa ọgba tum tum na, karịa, wepụ aha ahụ. SSdịkwa ka ihe ndị agha Nazi ji mee ihe.

Nke XK120

Igwe mbinye aka nke mbụ bịanyere aka na ya jaguar Ọ bụ XK120 1948: mepere kemgbe moto 3.4 in-line engine isii cylinder nke na-enye ohere nke a egwuregwu mee ngwangwa ruo 120 mph (193 km / h: ụgbọ ala na -emepụta ngwa ngwa n'ahịa).

Ụgbọ ala a meriri ọtụtụ ndị ahịa wee merie ọtụtụ agbụrụ na Europe: na 1951, afọ nke mechiri emechi variant debuted. FHC - Ian Appleyard na -enweta nnọkọ RAC na C-.dị (ụgbọ ala ịgba ọsọ na tubular etiti nke nwere otu sistemụ dị ka XK120) na -enye ohere ka ika nweta ihe ịga nke ọma mbụ ya 24 awa Le Mans nwere duet "British" nke nwere Peter Walker e Peter Whitehead.

Ihe ịga nke ọma abụọ a jaguar emeghachiri na 1953: agbụrụ ntachi obi nke French, agbanyeghị, ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri Britain ọzọ meriri (Tony Rollt e Duncan Hamilton) na ụgbọ ala dị elu nke nwere ihe ọhụrụ diski brek... N'otu afọ ahụ, nhọrọ nke atọ XK120: Ụgbọ mmiri Drophead.

D-ụdị

La -Dị-D - ụgbọ ala ịgba ọsọ mbụ nwere ihe eji eme monocoque - ụgbọ ala nke mere akụkọ ihe mere eme motorsport: ya na azụ azụ dị egwu, ọ meriri mbipụta atọ n'usoro. 24 awa Le Mans ya na ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ elu Britain. Nke mbụ nwere duet na ihe mejupụtara Mike Hawthorne e Ivor Bueb, nke abụọ na Ron Flockhart e Nini Sanderson na nke atọ ya na Flockhart na Bueb. Mmeri ọhụrụ a bụkwa "ikpeazụ British" (ụgbọ ala na ndị na -agba ọsọ si United Kingdom) na akụkọ ntolite ntachi obi a dị mkpa.

N'otu oge ahụ, anyị na -akpọsa mmeri Rally Monte Carlo 1956 Jaguar Mark VII nke ndị Britain na -edu Ronnie Adams na - gbasara mmepụta usoro - mmalite XK150, ụgbọ ala ụzọ mbụ nke ika arụnyere na m diski brek wetara na mpụta mbụ nke C-Type.

60-a na E-Ụdị

N'afọ 1960, akara ndị Britain weghara Daimler ma kwaga n'ime osisi n'ime Coventry ụlọ ọrụ a na-arụpụta engines. N'afọ sochirinụ, ọ bụ ntụgharị nke mpụta mbụ - na Geneva Motor Show - ụdị kachasị ama nke ika a: -Dị-E... Enzo Ferrari na-ahụta ụgbọ ala kacha mma e wuru, ọ nwere oke ọsọ nke 150 mph (241 km / h) ma bụrụkwa nke teknụzụ dị elu: breeki diski anọ, okpokoro ntọala na nkwusioru ụkwụ anọ kwụụrụ onwe ya. Ebe adịghị ike ya? Gearbox, ogologo braking ogologo na oche ọ bụghị nke kpuchiri ekpuchi.

Na 1963 - mbụ isi mmeri nke otu onye. jaguar na -akwọ onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala si mba ọzọ mgbe onye German Peter Nocker meriri na European Touring Car Championship nke mbụ Akara II na afọ atọ ka nke ahụ gasịrị, ewepụtara ụdị 2 + 2 E-Type nwere ogologo wheelbase iji nabata ndị njem abụọ n'oche azụ.

Akara British dị mma: ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị UK kacha hụ n'anya na akara ala ọzọ kacha hụ n'anya na United States. Na 1966 e jikọtara ya na ya BMC ike Ụlọ ọrụ British Motor Holdings na afọ ọzọ Lions William gbara arụkwaghịm n'ọrụ onye isi ala.

1968 bụ afọ ewepụtara akara ngosi ika ọzọ. jaguar -ọkọlọtọ XJ (nke na-ewepụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ sedan niile ochie na ụlọ Britain n'ahịa) - na 1969 onye mmepụta akụkọ ihe mere eme. William Haynes kwuru (banye n'ime SS 1934) lara ezumike nka.

70-s

Ihe omume mbụ dị mkpa nke 70 mere na 1971, mgbe moto 5.3 V12 ewebata na E-ụdị. N'afọ sochirinụ, otu engine - arụnyere na XJ - na-enye ohere maka ọkọlọtọ Britain ka ọ bụrụ mmepụta ngwa ngwa oche anọ na ahịa (ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 220 km / h). Nakwa na 1972 (mgbe Lyon eze lara ezumike nká) a tọhapụrụ ogologo wheelbase variant nke "British" Berlinona (iji dozie isi ụgbọ ala: mbelata n'azụ njem ohere), na afọ atọ mgbe e mesịrị - Coupe XJ-Swuru n'otu ndabere dị ka “ọkọlọtọ” XJ.

80-s

1984 bụ afọ dị mkpa maka jaguar... Ewepụtala akara nke Bekee wee banye ahịa ahịa, na ekele ndị Britain, e meriela nnukwu mmeri egwuregwu abụọ. Tom Walkinshaw и XJS, ndị meriri European Touring Car Championship na - ya na ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri mejupụtara German Hans Heyer kwuru na bekee Vin Percy - si 24 awa na spa... Na February 1985, ọ gbapụrụ. Lions William.

N'etiti ọkara nke abụọ nke 80s na mmalite nke 90s, onye nrụpụta Britain nwetara ọtụtụ mmezu egwuregwu na otu ahụ ntachi obi: na 1987, asọmpi mbụ nke ụwa na ụdị egwuregwu na -abịarute (ejiri mmeri Brazil nweta ya Raoul Bosel), emeghachiri ihe ịga nke ọma na 1988 (site na Bekee. Martin Brandl onye mmeri ụwa n'etiti ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala) na -ekelekwa mmeri ahụ 24 awa Le Mans wetara onye Dutch Jan Lammers na british Johnny Dumfries e Andy Wallace na -bụ mmadu... N'otu afọ ahụ Bosel, Brandl, Lammers na Dane John Nielsen ha na -emeri 24 Awa nke Daytona.

Na -aga Ford

Na 1989 jaguar enwetara Ford mana nkwa egwuregwu akwụsịghị: na 1990 XJR-12 mmeri 24 awa Le Mans ya na Brandl, Nielsen na onye America Ọnụahịa Cobb na otu ụgbọ ala - oge a nke Lammers, Wallace na Yankee na-anya Ekwensu Oké Osimiri - na-emeri awa 24 nke Daytona. Ihe ịga nke ọma egwuregwu ikpeazụ nke ndị nrụpụta Britain malitere na 1991: mmeri na ụdị egwuregwu ụwa na aha ụwa maka anyị. Theo Fabi.

Serial mmepụta nke afọ iri gara aga nke narị afọ nke iri abụọ na -ahụ ụgbọ mmiri XJ220 kemgbe 1992 (moto Turbo ejima 3.5 V6 nwere 542 hp na oke ọsọ nke 335 km / h), ụgbọ ala egwuregwu sexy XK8 na ọkọlọtọ S-Ụdị, nwanne nwanyị XJ Zọ ochie.

Narị Afọ Iri

Na 2000 jaguar banye F1: Nọgidere na Circus ruo 2004, mana ọ na -enweta ọkwọ ụgbọala abụọ na onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala Britain. Eddie Irwin... Ọ dị mma maka ụgbọ ala n'okporo ụzọ: berlina X-Ụdị 2001 - wuru n'otu ala na Ford mondeo bụ ụgbọ ala mbụ nke British brand A igwe anọ na afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị (na oge mmalite nke ọdụ ụgbọ ala e dizel) na -aghọkwa onye mbụ uzu-ike n ’ije.

Ihe nlereanya a na -egosi nsonaazụ dị mma n'ahịa, mana ọ na -emetụta akara ngosi: ịlọ ụwa na -abịa na 2007. XF, Onye-nketa na S-Type, ji a oge a na revolutionary style, gbakee ekele XJ X 351 2009 N'etiti (na 2008) ndị India zụrụ ika ahụ Tata.

Maka ụdị ndị bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ ọhụrụ jaguar ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịghara ịkọ egwuregwu F-Ụdị 2013 na berlin 2015, ya na ikpo okwu n'ime aluminum e, ọdịiche dell'antenata X-Ụdị, a azụ mbanye.