Cajin batirin mota da ƙarfin lantarki: menene ya kamata su kasance?
Kayan abin hawa,  Kayan lantarki na abin hawa

Cajin batirin mota da ƙarfin lantarki: menene ya kamata su kasance?

Muhimmin alamomi na batirin ajiya shine ƙarfinsa, ƙarfin lantarki da ƙarfin wutan lantarki. Ingancin aiki da aikin na'urar ya dogara da su. A cikin mota, batirin yana ba da ƙararrawa zuwa mai farawa don fara injin kuma yana ba da wutar lantarki abin hawa lokacin da ake buƙata. Sabili da haka, sanin sigogin aiki na batirin ka da kiyaye aikin sa yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da kyakkyawan yanayin abin hawa baki ɗaya.

Baturi ƙarfin lantarki

Da farko, bari mu gano ma'anar kalmar "voltage". Mahimmanci, wannan shine "matsin lamba" na cajin electrons wanda aka kirkira ta hanyar tushe ta yanzu ta hanyar da'ira (waya). Electrons suna yin aiki mai amfani (samar da wutar lantarki, raka'a, da sauransu). An auna ƙarfin lantarki a cikin Volts.

Zaka iya amfani da multimeter don auna ƙarfin batirin. Ana amfani da bincike na lamba na na'urar zuwa tashar batir. A ƙa'ida, ƙarfin lantarki na 12V ana ɗaukarsa ƙa'ida. Gaskiyar ƙarfin batirin ya kasance tsakanin 12,6V -12,7V. Waɗannan su ne alamun man baturi mai cikakken caji.

Wadannan adadi na iya bambanta dangane da yanayin muhalli da lokacin gwaji. Nan da nan bayan caji, na'urar zata iya nuna 13V - 13,2V. Kodayake irin waɗannan ƙimar ma ana ɗaukansu karɓaɓɓe. Don samun daidaitattun bayanai, kuna buƙatar jira awa ɗaya ko biyu bayan caji.

Idan ƙarfin lantarki ya sauko ƙasa da 12 volt, to wannan yana nuna fitowar batirin. Za'a iya kwatanta ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki da matakin caji bisa ga tebur mai zuwa.

Awon karfin wuta, VoltAdadin caji,%
12,6 +100
12,590
12,4280
12,3270
12,2060
12,0650
11,940
11,7530
11,5820
11,3110
10,5 0

Kamar yadda kake gani daga tebur, ƙarfin da ke ƙasa 12V yana nuna fitowar batir na 50%. Baturin yana buƙatar yin caji cikin gaggawa. Ya kamata ku sani cewa yayin fitarwa, aiwatar da sulfation na faranti yana faruwa. Karfin wutan lantarki ya saukad da. Sulfuric acid ya lalace ta hanyar shiga cikin aikin sunadarai. Siffofin sulfate akan faranti. Lokaci caji yakan fara wannan aikin ta sabanin hanya. Idan ka bada izinin fitar ruwa mai zurfi, to batirin zai riga ya zama da wahala a sake kimantawa. Ko dai zai gaza gaba ɗaya, ko kuma zai rasa madafan iko.

Voltagearamar ƙarfin da batirin zai iya aiki a ciki ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin 11,9 Volts.

An ɗora kuma an sauke

Koda a low voltage, batirin yana da ikon fara injin. Babban abu shine bayan haka janareto zai cajin batirin. A lokacin fara injin, batirin yana ba da babban abu ga maɓallan, yayin da ya ɓace a cikin caji. Idan batirin yana da lafiya, a hankali cajin zai dawo daidai da kimar cikin dakika 5.

Thearfin wuta akan sabon baturi ya kasance cikin kewayon 12,6 - 12,9V, amma waɗannan ƙimar ba koyaushe ke nuna ainihin yanayin batirin ba. Misali, a hutawa, ba tare da masu amfani da haɗi ba, ƙarfin lantarki yana cikin tsaka-tsakin al'ada, amma ƙarƙashin lodin saukad da shi sosai kuma cajin ya cinye da sauri. Wannan na iya zama.

Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ake ɗaukar ma'aunai cikin nauyi. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da na'ura kamar matorar kaya. Wannan gwajin yana nuna ko batirin yana caji ko a'a.

Filashin ya kunshi voltmeter, binciken masu tuntuɓe da abin ɗora kaya a cikin gidan. Na'urar ta haifar da juriya ta yanzu sau biyu ta ƙarfin baturi, tana daidaita yanayin farawa. Misali, idan ƙarfin batir yakai 50A * h, to na'urar tana ɗaukar batirin har zuwa 100A. Babban abu shine zaɓar juriya daidai. Idan an wuce 100A, zai zama dole a haɗa marufin juriya biyu don samun cikakken bayanai.

Ana ɗaukar ma'aunun-caji tare da cikakken cajin baturi. Ana riƙe na'urar na tsawon daƙiƙa 5, sannan a rubuta sakamakon. Ruwan wuta ya saukad da kaya. Idan batirin yayi kyau, zai sauke zuwa 10 volts kuma a hankali zai dawo zuwa 12,4 volts zuwa sama. Idan ƙarfin lantarki ya sauka zuwa 9V da ƙasa, to batirin baya riƙe caji kuma yana da lahani. Kodayake bayan caji, yana iya nuna ƙimomin yau da kullun - 12,4 V ko mafi girma.

Ensarancin lantarki

Shima matakin ƙarfin lantarki yana nuna yawan ƙarfin wutan lantarki. Wutar lantarki kanta cakudadden 35% ne na sulfuric acid da 65% gurbataccen ruwa. Mun riga mun faɗi cewa yawan ruwan sulfuric acid yana raguwa yayin fitarwa. Girman fitowar, ƙananan ƙimar. Waɗannan alamun suna da alaƙa.

Don auna nauyin lantarki da sauran ruwa, ana amfani da na'ura na musamman - hydrometer. A cikin yanayi na yau da kullun, tare da cikakken caji na 12,6V - 12,7V da yanayin zafin jiki na 20-25 ° C, ƙarfin lantarki ya kamata ya kasance cikin kewayon 1,27 g / cm3 - 1,28 g / cm3.

Tebur mai zuwa yana nuna dogaro da ƙima akan matakin cajin.

Girman wutar lantarki, g / cm3Matsayin caji,%
1,27 - 1,28100
1,2595
1,2490
1,2380
1,2170
1,2060
1,1950
1,1740
1,1630
1,1420
1,1310

Mafi girman ƙarfin, ƙarfin batirin shine daskarewa. A cikin yankuna masu tsananin yanayi, inda zafin jiki ya sauka zuwa -30 ° C da ƙasa, yawan wutar lantarki ya tashi zuwa 1,30 g / cm3 ta ƙara sulfuric acid. Matsakaicin yawa ana iya ɗagawa zuwa 1,35 g / cm3. Idan ya fi haka, asid din zai fara lalata faranti da sauran kayan aikin.

Shafin da ke ƙasa yana nuna karatun hydrometer a yanayin zafi daban-daban:

A lokacin hunturu

A lokacin sanyi, direbobi da yawa suna da wahalar fara injin yayin da yanayin zafin yake sauka. Baturin ya daina aiki da cikakken ƙarfinsa. Wasu masu sha'awar mota suna cire batirin a cikin dare kuma su barshi da dumi. A zahiri, idan aka cika caji, ƙarfin lantarki baya sauka, amma har ma yakan tashi.

Daskarewa yanayin zafi yana shafar yanayin wutan lantarki da yanayin yanayin jikinsa. Lokacin da aka cika caji, batirin zai iya jure sanyi, amma idan ƙarfin ya ragu, akwai ƙarin ruwa kuma wutan lantarki zai iya daskarewa. Hanyoyin lantarki sunada hankali.

A -10 ° C -15 ° C, batir mai caji zai iya nuna cajin 12,9V. Wannan al'ada ce.

A -30 ° C, ƙarfin baturi ya ragu da rabi na maras muhimmanci. Voltagearfin wutar ya sauko zuwa 12,4V a nauyin 1,28 g / cm3. Hakanan, batirin ya daina caji daga janareto tuni yakai -25 ° C.

Kamar yadda kake gani, mummunan yanayin zafi zai iya shafar aikin batirin sosai.

Tare da kulawa mai kyau, batir mai ruwa zai iya yin shekaru 5-7. A lokacin dumi, yakamata a duba matakin cajin da karfin wutan lantarki a kalla sau daya a kowane watanni biyu zuwa uku. A lokacin hunturu, a matsakaicin zazzabi na -10 ° C, ya kamata a duba cajin aƙalla sau ɗaya kowane sati biyu zuwa uku. A cikin tsananin sanyi na -25 ° C-35 ° C, yana da kyau a sake cajin baturin kowane kwana biyar, koda da tafiye-tafiye na yau da kullun.

sharhi daya

  • MAN

    Hyundai da 20 kwatsam na kasa bude kofar gangar jikin ta tsakiya, sauran kofofin sun yi kyau, amma bayan kwana biyu ban fara ba, na yi cajin baturin na tsawon awanni 22, farawa ya yi kyau, sai dai gangar jikin ba zai sake dannawa ba, ba ni da mita, baturin ba ya nan bayan shekaru biyar da rabi, zan bar baturi ya yi caji kuma in auna - raba ra'ayin ku.

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