Volvo

Abubuwan da ke ciki FounderEmblemCar a cikin samfuriTambayoyi da amsoshi: Volvo ya sami suna a matsayin mai kera motoci da ke kera motoci da manyan motoci, da kayan aiki na musamman waɗanda ke da aminci sosai. Alamar ta sami lambobin yabo akai-akai don haɓaka ingantaccen tsarin tsaro na motoci. A wani lokaci, an gane motar wannan alamar a matsayin mafi aminci a duniya. Kodayake alamar ta kasance koyaushe rarrabuwar wasu damuwa, ga yawancin masu ababen hawa kamfani ne mai zaman kansa wanda samfuransa suka cancanci kulawa ta musamman. Anan ga labarin wannan masana'antar kera motoci, wanda a yanzu ya zama wani ɓangare na kamfanin Geely (mun riga mun yi magana game da wannan mai keɓancewa kaɗan a baya). Wanda ya kafa 1920s a Amurka da Turai kusan lokaci guda suna haɓaka sha'awar kera kayan aikin injiniya. A shekara ta 23, an gudanar da baje kolin motoci a birnin Gothenburg na kasar Sweden. Wannan taron dai ya kasance wani yunkuri ne na habaka motoci masu sarrafa kansu, wanda hakan ya sa aka fara shigo da wasu motoci cikin kasar. Tuni a cikin shekara ta 25, kimanin kwafin motoci dubu 14 da rabi daga masana'antun daban-daban sun isa ƙasar. Manufar kamfanonin kera motoci da yawa shine su ƙirƙiro sabbin motoci cikin sauri. A lokaci guda kuma, da yawa, saboda ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙima. A Sweden, kamfanin SKF na masana'antu yana samar da mafi yawan abin dogara ga aikace-aikacen inji daban-daban na dogon lokaci. Babban dalilin shaharar wadannan sassa shine gwajin wajibi na ci gaba kafin ya shiga layin taro. Don samar da kasuwar Turai ba kawai dadi ba, amma sama da duk motoci masu aminci da dorewa, an ƙirƙiri ƙaramin ƙaramin kamfanin Volvo. A bisa hukuma, ranar da aka kirkiro wannan alama shine 14.04.1927/XNUMX/XNUMX, lokacin da samfurin Jakob na farko ya bayyana. Alamar motar tana bin bayyanar ta ga manajoji biyu na kamfanin kera kayan gyara na Sweden. Waɗannan su ne Gustaf Larson da Assar Gabrielsson. Assar shine Shugaba kuma Gustaf shine CTO na sabuwar motar. A cikin shekarun da ya yi a SKF, Gabrielsson ya ga fa'idar samfuran da masana'anta ke samarwa akan kwatankwacin sauran kamfanoni. Wannan ya tabbatar masa a duk lokacin da Sweden za ta iya gabatar da motoci masu dacewa da gaske ga kasuwar duniya. Irin wannan ra'ayi ya goyi bayan ma'aikacinsa - Larson. Bayan abokan hulɗa sun shawo kan masu gudanar da kamfanin game da shawarar samar da sabuwar alama, Larson ya fara neman ƙwararrun makanikai, kuma Gabrielsson ya haɓaka dabarun tattalin arziki kuma ya aiwatar da ƙididdiga don aiwatar da ra'ayinsu. Motoci goma na farko an ƙirƙira su ne akan kuɗin ajiyar kuɗi na Gabrielsson. An haɗa waɗannan motocin a masana'antar SKF, wani kamfani da ke da rabon sayar da sabbin motoci. Kamfanin iyaye ya ba da 'yanci ga tsarin ra'ayoyin injiniya ga reshen, kuma ya ba da dama ga ci gaban mutum. Godiya ga wannan, sabuwar alamar tana da kushin ƙaddamarwa mai ƙarfi wanda yawancin mutanen zamaninsa ba su da shi. Abubuwa da yawa sun ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban ci gaban kamfani: Kamfanin iyaye ya ware kayan aikin farko don haɗa samfuran Volvo; Sweden tana da ƙarancin albashi, wanda ya ba da damar hayar isassun ma'aikata don kasuwancin; Wannan kasa ta samar da karfen nata, wanda ya shahara a duk fadin duniya, wanda hakan ke nufin cewa, kayan masarufi masu inganci sun samu sauki ga sabon mai kera motoci a kan kudi kadan; Kasar na bukatar tambarin motarta; An haɓaka masana'antu a Sweden, godiya ga wanda ke da sauƙin samun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun waɗanda ba za su iya haɗa motocin da inganci ba kawai, har ma da kera kayan masarufi. Alamar Domin a san samfuran sabon masana'antar mota a duk faɗin duniya (kuma wannan wani muhimmin batu ne a cikin dabarun haɓaka iri), ana buƙatar tambari wanda zai nuna ainihin kamfani. An ɗauki kalmar Latin Volvo a matsayin sunan alamar. Fassararsa (I roll) ya jaddada babban yankin da kamfanin iyaye ya yi fice - samar da ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙafa. Leiba ya bayyana a cikin 1927. A matsayin wani tsari na musamman, sun zaɓi alamar ƙarfe, wanda ya zama ruwan dare a cikin al'adun mutanen Yamma. An kwatanta shi a matsayin da'irar da kibiya mai nuni ga sashinta na arewa maso gabas. Ba a buƙatar dogon bayani game da dalilin da ya sa aka yanke wannan shawarar, saboda Sweden tana da masana'antar sarrafa karafa, kuma ana fitar da kayayyakinta kusan a duk faɗin duniya. Da farko, an yanke shawarar shigar da lamba a tsakiyar babban iskar iska. Matsala daya tilo da masu zanen kaya suka fuskanta ita ce rashin girkin da za a dora tambarin a kai. Dole ne a gyara tambarin ko ta yaya a tsakiyar radiyo. Kuma mafita guda ɗaya ita ce amfani da ƙarin kashi (ana kiranta mashaya). Tambarin diagonal ne wanda aka makala tambarin, kuma ita kanta an kafa ta a gefuna na radiator. Kodayake motocin zamani suna da kariya ta asali, masana'antun sun yanke shawarar adana ɗayan ɗayan ɗayan maɓallin keɓaɓɓen tambarin mota. Tarihin motar a cikin samfura Don haka, samfurin farko da ya fito daga layin taron Volvo shine motar Jakob ko OV4. "Ɗan fari" na kamfanin ba shi da inganci kamar yadda ake tsammani. Gaskiyar ita ce, a lokacin tsarin taro, injiniyoyi sun shigar da motar ba daidai ba. Bayan an shawo kan matsalar, har yanzu motar ba ta samu karbuwa daga wurin jama'a ba. Dalili kuwa shi ne, tana da jiki a bude, kuma ga kasar da ke da matsanancin yanayi, motocin da aka rufe sun fi amfani. An sanya 28-horsepower 4-Silinda engine a ƙarƙashin murfin abin hawa, wanda zai iya hanzarta motar zuwa gudun 90 km / h. wani fasalin motar shine chassis. Mai sana'anta ya yanke shawarar yin amfani da ƙirar ƙafa ta musamman a cikin motocin farko. Kowace dabaran tana da kashin katako kuma tana da baki mai cirewa. Baya ga gazawa a cikin ingancin taron da kuma zane, kamfanin ya kasa sanya motar ta zama mai farin jini, saboda injiniyoyin sun ba da lokaci mai yawa kan inganci, wanda hakan ya haifar da kirkirar mai zuwa na gaba. Anan ga mahimman matakan kamfanin da suka bar alamarsu a tsarinta. 1928 - PV4 Special ya bayyana. Wannan tsawaita ce ta motar da ta gabata, mai siye kawai an riga an ba da zaɓuɓɓukan jiki guda biyu: rufin nadawa ko saman saman. 1928 - An fara kera nau'ikan babbar mota-nau'ikan 1 a kan jirgi ɗaya kamar na Jakob. 1929 - gabatar da wani injin nasa zane. An karɓi wannan gyare-gyaren naúrar silinda shida ta injin PV651 (Silinda 6, kujeru 5, jerin 1st). 1930 - Motar data kasance tana haɓaka: tana karɓar chassis mai tsayi, godiya ga wanda tuni mutane 7 zasu iya zama a cikin gidan. Waɗannan su ne Volvo TR671 da 672. Direbobin tasi ne ke amfani da motocin, kuma idan gidan ya cika gaba daya, direban zai iya amfani da tirelar kayan fasinjoji. 1932 - Motar ta sami ƙarin haɓakawa. Saboda haka, ikon naúrar ya zama mafi girma - 3,3 lita, saboda abin da ikon ya karu zuwa 65 horsepower. A matsayin watsawa, sun fara amfani da akwatin gear mai sauri 4 maimakon takwaransa mai sauri 3. 1933 - Wani nau'in alatu na P654 ya bayyana. Motar ta sami ingantaccen dakatarwa da ingantaccen sautin sauti. A cikin wannan shekarar, an gabatar da wata mota ta musamman wacce ba ta taɓa zuwa layin taron ba saboda masu sauraro ba su shirya don irin wannan ƙirar juyin juya hali ba. Babban fasalin samfurin Venus Bilo da aka gina da hannu shine yana da kyawawan kaddarorin iska. An yi amfani da irin wannan ci gaba ga wasu samfura na ƙarni na baya. 1935 - Kamfanin ya ci gaba da sabunta tunanin Amurka game da motoci. Don haka, sabuwar mota mai zama 6 Carioca PV36 ta fito. An fara da wannan samfurin, motoci sun fara amfani da gasa mai kariya. Kashin farko na motocin alfarma sun ƙunshi kwafi 500. A wannan shekarar, motar direban tasi ta sami sabon sabuntawa, kuma injin ɗin ya ƙara ƙarfi - 80 hp. 1936 - Kamfanin ya nace cewa abu na farko da ya kamata ya kasance a cikin kowace mota shine aminci, sannan ta'aziyya da salo. Wannan ra'ayi yana nunawa a cikin duk samfuran da suka biyo baya. Ƙarni na gaba na sigar PV ya bayyana. Sai kawai yanzu samfurin yana da alamar 51. Ya riga ya zama sedan na alatu mai kujeru 5, amma ya fi sauƙi fiye da wanda ya riga shi, kuma a lokaci guda yana da ƙarfi. 1937 - Zamani mai zuwa PV (52) ya sami wasu fasali na ta'aziyya: abubuwan gani na rana, gilashin zafin rana, kujerun hannu a cikin ƙofofin ƙofa, da kuma juya baya. 1938 - Yankin PV yana karɓar sabbin gyare-gyare tare da launukan masana'anta da yawa (burgundy, shuɗi da kore). Sauye-sauye na 55 da 56 suna da gyaggyaran gasasshen radiyo, da ingantattun na'urorin gani na gaba. A cikin wannan shekarar, jiragen taxi za su iya siyan samfurin PV801 mai kariya (masana'anta sun shigar da tsayayyen ɓangaren gilashi tsakanin layuka na gaba da na baya). A yanzu gidan na iya daukar mutane 8 ciki har da direban. 1943-1944 saboda yakin duniya na biyu, kamfanin ba zai iya kera motoci a cikin yanayin da aka saba ba, don haka ya canza zuwa haɓaka motocin bayan yaƙi. Aikin ya yi nasara kuma ya haifar da motar PV444. Sakin sa yana farawa a cikin shekara ta 44th. Wannan mota mai karancin wutar lantarki mai karfin dawaki 40 ita kadai ce (a tarihin samar da Volvo) da ke da karancin man fetur. Wannan al'amari ya sanya motar ta shahara a tsakanin masu ababen hawa da ke da arziƙin abin duniya. 1951 - bayan nasarar saki na PV444 gyare-gyare, kamfanin ya yanke shawarar haɓaka motocin iyali. A farkon shekarun 50, Volvo Duett ya birge layin taron. Ya kasance daidai da ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan, kawai jiki ya canza don dacewa da bukatun manyan iyalai. 1957 - Alamar Sweden ta fara aiwatar da dabarun shiga kasuwar duniya. Kuma mai yin motoci ya yanke shawarar lashe hankalin masu sauraro tare da sabon Amazone, wanda aka inganta tsaro. Musamman, ita ce motar farko da aka sanya bel ɗin kujera mai maki 3. 1958 - Duk da tallace-tallacen tallace-tallace na samfurin da ya gabata, masana'anta sun yanke shawarar sakin wani ƙarni na PV. Kamfanin ya fara bayyana kansa a cikin gasa na motoci. Don haka Volvo PV444 ta dauki lambar yabo ta lashe gasar cin kofin nahiyar Turai a matsayi na 58, da Grand Prix da aka yi a Argentina a wannan shekarar, da kuma a gasar fafatawa ta Turai a bangaren mata a matsayi na 59. 1959 - Kamfanin ya shiga kasuwar Amurka tare da 122S. 1961 - An gabatar da kursiyin P1800 na wasanni kuma ya sami kyaututtukan zane da yawa. 1966 - samar da mafi aminci mota fara - Volvo144. Ya yi amfani da haɓaka tsarin birki mai ɗaci biyu, kuma an yi amfani da kayan aikin cardan a cikin ginshiƙin tuƙi ta yadda idan wani hatsari ya faru ya ninka kuma ba zai cutar da direba ba. 1966 - sigar da ta fi karfi ta wasan Amazone ta bayyana - 123GT. 1967 - An fara taron karba na 145 da kofa biyu 142S a wuraren samarwa. 1968 - kamfanin ya gabatar da wani sabon alatu mota - Volvo 164. A karkashin murfin motar, an riga an shigar da injin mai karfin dawaki 145, wanda ya baiwa motar damar kaiwa matsakaicin gudun kilomita 145 a cikin sa'a guda. 1971 - An fara sabon zagaye na samar da mafi kyawun siyarwa. Yawancin samfura sun riga sun rasa dacewarsu, kuma ba ta da fa'ida don haɓaka su. A saboda wannan dalili, kamfanin yana fitar da sabon 164E, wanda ke amfani da tsarin mai na allura. Ƙarfin injin ya kai ƙarfin dawakai 175. 1974 - Gabatar da sigogi shida na 240 da biyu - 260. A cikin akwati na biyu, an yi amfani da motar, wanda injiniyoyi suka haɓaka daga kamfanoni uku - Renault, Peugeot da Volvo. Duk da bayyanar da ba a bayyana ba, motocin sun sami mafi girman alamomi dangane da aminci. 1976 - Kamfanin ya gabatar da ci gabansa, wanda aka tsara don rage abun ciki na abubuwa masu cutarwa a cikin sharar motoci saboda rashin ingancin konewar cakuda iska da man fetur. An kira ci gaba da binciken Lambda (zaka iya karanta game da ka'idar aiki na firikwensin oxygen daban). Don ƙirƙirar firikwensin oxygen, kamfanin ya sami lambar yabo daga ƙungiyar muhalli. 1976 - A daidaici, an bada sanarwar tattalin arziki da daidaito Volvo 343. 1977 - Kamfanin, tare da taimakon gidan zane-zane na Italiyanci Bertone, ya kirkiro shimfida mai kyau 262. 1979 - tare da gyare-gyare na gaba na samfuran da aka riga aka sani, ƙaramin sedan 345 tare da injin 70hp ya bayyana. 1980 - Kamfanin kera motoci ya yanke shawarar gyara injinan da suka wanzu a wancan lokacin. Nau'in turbocharged ya bayyana, wanda aka sanya akan motar fasinja. 1982 - samar da wani sabon abu fara - Volvo760. A peculiarity na model ne cewa dizal naúrar, wanda aka bayar a matsayin wani zaɓi, zai iya hanzarta mota zuwa daruruwan a cikin 13 seconds. A wancan lokacin ita ce motar da ta fi kowacce karfi da injin dizal. 1984 - Wani sabon abu daga samfurin Sweden mai lamba 740 GLE an sake shi tare da sabuwar motar wacce a cikinta aka rage karfin karfin gogayyar kayan saduwa. 1985 - Nuna Motar Geneva ya nuna wani aikin hadin gwiwar injiniyoyin Sweden da masu zanen Italiyanci - 780, wanda jikinsa ya ratsa ta dakin zane-zane na Bertone a Turin. 1987 - An gabatar da sabuwar kyankyashe 480 tare da sabbin tsare-tsaren tsaro, dakatarwar baya mai zaman kanta, rufin rana, kullewa ta tsakiya, ABS da sauran fasahohin zamani. 1988 - Canjin 740 GTL ya bayyana. 1990 - An maye gurbin 760 da Volvo 960, wanda ya ƙunshi ma'aunin aminci, haɗe shi tare da injin mai ƙarfi da watsawa mai inganci. 1991 - 850 GL ya gabatar da ƙarin tsarin tsaro irin su kariya mai tasiri ga direba da fasinjoji da kuma sanya rigunan bel na gabanin karo. 1994 - Mafi iko samfurin a cikin tarihin samar da mota Sweden ya bayyana - 850 T-5R. A ƙarƙashin murfin motar akwai injin turbocharged wanda ke haɓaka ƙarfin dawakai 250. 1995 - Sakamakon haɗin gwiwa tare da Mitsubishi, samfurin da aka tara a Holland ya bayyana - S40 da V40. 1996 - kamfanin ya gabatar da C70 mai iya canzawa. Samar da jerin 850 ya ƙare. Madadin haka, mai ɗaukar kaya ya zama ƙirar 70 a bayan S (sedan) da V (wagon tasha). 1997 - jerin S80 ya bayyana - mota mai daraja ta kasuwanci, wacce aka kera ta da injin turbocharged da kuma tsarin tuka-tarko. 2000 - alama ta sake cika layin keken hawa mai sauƙi tare da ƙirar Countryasar Crossetare. 2002 - Volvo ya zama masana'anta na crossovers da SUVs. An gabatar da XC90 a Nunin Mota na Detroit. A cikin 2017, gudanarwar alamar ta ba da sanarwa mai ban sha'awa: mai kera motoci yana motsawa daga kera motoci sanye take da injunan konewa na ciki, kuma yana canzawa zuwa haɓaka motocin lantarki da hybrids.