Nau'ikan, na'urar da ƙa'idar aiki na na'urar wankin fitila

Fasaha ba ta tsaya cak ba, kuma ana sake cika kasuwar mota da sabbin samfuran zamani, waɗanda aka kera su da dukkan sabbin kayan aiki. Mechanarin hanyoyin da na'urori ba wai kawai haɓaka lafiyar abin hawa ba ne, amma kuma yana sa aikinsa ya kasance da kwanciyar hankali. Sabbin fasahohin sun hada da magnetic dakatar, tsarin hangen dare da sauran kayan aiki.

Amma idan kasancewar wasu tsarin ba lallai bane don mota, to wasu na'urori suna da mahimmanci a gareta. Misali na wannan shine jakar iska (karanta game dasu a cikin wani bita), ABS tsarin da dai sauransu Jerin iri ɗaya ya haɗa da na'urar wankin fitila. Yi la'akari da na'urar, iri da ƙa'idar da wannan kayan aikin zai yi aiki idan mota tana sanye da ita, da kuma yadda za a girka ta a motarku.

Menene wankin fitila a cikin mota

Lokacin da mota ke tafiya akan wata hanyar datti a bayan wasu motocin, ƙurar da ke gudu daga ƙasan ƙafafun motar da ke gaban ta faɗo kan saman damina, fitilun wuta, murfin murfin iska, gilashin gilashin gilashi da rumbun wuta. Bayan lokaci, waɗannan ɗakunan suna iya zama da datti sosai. Idan tsabtace jiki ba zai shafi halayen motar ba, amma kawai yanayin kyawun abin hawa ne (don ƙarin bayani kan yadda za a kare fenti na motar, karanta a nan), to gilashin gilashi da kowane fitilar mota a koyaushe dole ne su kasance da tsabta.

Saboda gilashin gilashin datti, direban baya ganin hanyar da kyau kuma da sannu ko ba jima zai shiga cikin hadari. Tsaftar fitilar mota yana da mahimmanci don gani mai kyau a cikin yanayin wayewar gari, musamman idan kwararan fitila basu samar da isasshen haske (wannan ya shafi kwararan fitila na yau da kullun, haskensu yana da ƙarfi sosai a cikin duhu, amma a farkon wayewar gari kamar suna baya nan kwata-kwata).

Don kawar da wannan matsalar (masu hangen nesa koyaushe suna da datti, musamman idan ana aiki da mota a ƙauyuka), masu kera motoci sun tanadar da fitilun fitilun motocinsu da wanki. Babban ra'ayin tsabtace gida na gilashin gilashi ba sabon abu bane. Na dogon lokaci, kowace mota ta sami injin wankin gilashi, kuma a cikin wasu samfuran zamani akwai wasu tsarukan da ke tsaftace saman tagogin baya da na gefe. Wannan ƙa'idar ta shafi masu wankin fitilun kai.

Kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, ana amfani da wannan tsarin don tsaftace hasken gani. Nan gaba zamuyi duba na tsanaki kan yadda na'urar take aiki. Amma a takaice, mai tsabtace fitila yana aiki iri ɗaya kamar na'urar wankin gilashi. Lokacin da direba, yayin tuƙi, motar ta lura cewa fitilolin mota ba sa haske sosai saboda ƙazantar da ke saman gilashin, sai ya kunna tsarin kuma ya cire ƙazantar.

A waje, na'urar wankin fitila tana kama da analogue don tsabtace gilashin motar. Ana iya goge shi, ma'ana, ban da bututun ƙarfe, ana amfani da tsarin da ƙananan mayuka, kowannensu yana tsabtace mai watsa haskensa (ko kuma gilashin kariya). Hakanan akwai fasalin jet wanda ke yin irin wannan aikin, kawai ana samun nasarar tsabtace sakamako ta matsin lamba da kuma sinadaran wankin.

Wadanne irin fitilolin fitila ake amfani da su

Tabbas za a saka na'urar wankin fitila a kan waɗancan samfuran motar tare da xenon a cikin fitilunsu. A zaman wani zaɓi, ana iya yin odar wannan abun don motoci masu hasken fitila na halogen. Kara karantawa game da wasu nau'ikan kwararan fitila don motoci, karanta a wani labarin.

Idan mukayi magana game da kayan halogen optics, to idan yayi datti, sai hasken haske ya dusashe, tunda ba ya keta ta gurbatarwar. A cikin yanayin takwaran xenon, watsawa ko murdiya da hasken katako na iya faruwa. Wannan yakan faru ne lokacin da kankara ta samu akan gilashin. Dogaro da gurɓatarwa, hasken fitilar motoci zai iya makantar da direbobin zirga-zirgar masu zuwa ko kuma haskaka hanyar da ba daidai ba, wanda kuma ya shafi amincin hanya.

Tarihin wanki

Abubuwan da suka fara faruwa na farkon wannan nau'in sun fara bayyana akan Chevrolet Chevelle na 1996, da kuma wasu samfura da yawa waɗanda ke fitowa daga layin taron, farawa daga waccan shekarar. A cikin yankin Tarayyar Soviet, masu haska fitilun sun bayyana a cikin sanannen "Chaika" (GAZ-14). Wannan motar cikin gida daga masana'anta an sanye ta da tsarin, wanda ba za a iya faɗi game da samfuran motar Yammacin Turai ba (an sanya su daban bisa buƙatun mai siye).

Hakanan, an girka wannan tsarin akan nau'ikan fitarwa na VAZ 2105 da 2106. An fitar da waɗannan motoci zuwa Scandinavia da Kanada. Amma bayan wani ɗan gajeren lokaci, tsarin ya rasa dacewa kuma ya ɓace daga cikakken saiti. Dalilin haka shi ne cewa tsarin yayi amfani da adadi mai yawa na tsaftace ruwa, kuma fesawa da kansa bai cire datti da kyau ba. Za'a iya inganta ingancin aikin tsaftacewa ta hanyar saka masu goge fitila na fitila.

Duk da cewa masu kera motoci sun daina haɗawa da wannan tsarin a cikin tsarin masana'anta, idan ana so, ana iya girka shi da kansa ko, ya dogara da ƙirar mota, an ba da umarnin azaman zaɓi. Yanayin ya canza lokacin da xenon ya bayyana a cikin kan gani. Dangane da bukatun Turai, dole ne a shigar da tsarin a kan naúrar da ake amfani da abubuwan haske mai saurin iskar gas.

Basic na'urar da ka'idar aiki da na'urar

Tsarin ƙirar fitila na fitila asalinsa mai wankin gilashi ne. Ana amfani da abu mai wanki a can, aƙalla buɗa ɗaya (feshi) ana buƙatar kowane fitilar fitila. Ana kawo ruwan daga madatsar ruwa mai dacewa. Fanfon lantarki yana haifar da matsin lamba, wanda yake fesawa ta gilashin fitila ta kai tsaye.

Dogaro da gyare-gyare, tsarin na iya aiki dabam da kewayen kewaye injin wankin gilashi. Don wannan, ana iya amfani da tanki daban ko na kowa. Hakanan akwai nau'ikan wanki wanda aka shigar dashi cikin layin gilashin gilashi na kowa. Dangane da tuki na mutum, ana sarrafa tsarin daban daga aiki na babban zagaye, wanda ke tabbatar da motsi na abu mai tsabta ta cikin bututu zuwa masu fesawa dake gaban gilashin gilashi.

Tsarin aiki ya dogara da gyare-gyare. Game da tsararren tsari, latsa maɓallin da ya dace ya kunna famfon kuma ya watsa ruwan a kan kayan gani. Idan an sanya analog na telescopic a cikin injin, to da farko an fara amfani da injector, yana tura su zuwa tsayin da ake so. Sannan aikin feshi ya gudana. Zagayen ya ƙare tare da dawowar ƙwanƙwasawa zuwa wurin su.

Akwai tsarin hannu da na atomatik na tsarin tsabtace fitilun wuta. Kamar yadda zaku iya tsammani, zaɓin jagorar shine mafi arha kuma mafi sauƙi don kulawa da gyara zaɓi. Ana kunna tsarin ta maɓallin da ya dace ko maɓallin wanki lokacin da fitilu ke kunne.

Dangane da sigar atomatik, an haɗa shi cikin tsarin abin hawa. Asali, motoci na ɓangaren "Premium" suna sanye da irin wannan na'urar. Microprocessor yana rubuta lamba da mita na aikin wanki, kuma, daidai da saitin algorithm, yana kunna tsabtace kayan gani. Ta mahangar ingancin ruwa mai aiki, wannan ba shi da amfani, tunda kayan lantarki ba sa jagora ta gurɓatar gilashin fitilar kai, kuma galibi yana kunna allurar ne idan ba lallai ba ne. Kuma lokacin da da gaske kuke buƙatar cire datti daga fuskar gani, maiyuwa babu wadataccen abun wanki a cikin tafkin.

Me wankin fitila ya kunsa?

Na'urar wankin fitila ta hada da abubuwa masu zuwa:

• Tsarin sarrafawa;
• Ruwan tafkin da ake ajiye maganin tsaftacewa. Dogaro da ƙirar tsarin, ƙarfin tanki aƙalla yayyafa 25. Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin tanki shi ne lita 2.5, amma sau da yawa ana samun gyare-gyare na lita huɗu;
• Layin da ake kawo ruwan daga tankin zuwa masu fesawa;
• Bugun wutar lantarki (ana iya samun guda ɗaya don mai wanke gilashin iska da na fitilar fitila, ko kuma yana iya zama ɗaya ga wannan tsarin);
• Masu allura. A sigar kasafin kuɗi, ana dogaro butar ƙira ɗaya a kan fitila ɗaya, amma gyare-gyare tare da toshe biyu na ɓangare ɗaya sun fi yawa. Wannan yana tabbatar da iyakar ɗaukar abu mai tsabta na farfajiyar gilashin fitilar kai.

Don tsarin yayi aiki, dole ne ya kasance akwai abu mai tsabta a cikin tanki. Yawancin lokaci wannan ruwa ne mai wahala (yana kawar da datti mafi kyau), amma kuma akwai mafita ta musamman, waɗanda suka haɗa da abubuwa masu wanki iri iri waɗanda ke lalata da kuma laushi busasshiyar ƙazanta a saman don a bi da shi. A lokacin hunturu, dole ne a canza ruwan talakawa zuwa cakuda giya don ruwan da ke cikin tanki ba ya daskarewa kuma saboda wannan kwantena ba ya fashe.

Kodayake damar adana ruwa mai tsafta na iya bambanta, idan ana amfani da tanki guda don tsaftace gilashin motar da fitilun motar, zai fi kyau a zabi mafi girma da zai yiwu, gwargwadon yadda injin injin ya bada dama.

Fanfon lantarki bawai kawai yana haifar da matsin da ake buƙata don aiki da sprayers ba. Dole ne ya ƙirƙiri irin wannan matsin lamba wanda zai iya wanke ƙazantar ƙwanƙolin daga farfajiyar. Wannan ya zama dole domin gilashin a tsaftace cikin sauri. Ana gudanar da sarrafawa ta hanyar direba da kansa ta amfani da maɓalli na musamman (shafi na tuƙi, idan tsarin ya kasance daidaitacce ko a yanayin amfani da maɓallin keɓaɓɓe azaman ƙarin kayan aiki).

Nau'in wanki

A cikin dukkan gyare-gyaren tsarin tsaftace gilashin hasken fitila, nau'ikan na'urori biyu sun yi fice. Sun bambanta da juna a cikin zane. Mabudin tsarin aiki bai canza ba. Tsarin ya bambanta a cikin nau'in nozzles. Zai iya zama wani abu mai tsayayye (wanda aka ɗora akan damben), wanda aka girka a ma'aikata ko yayin zamanantar da motar. Hakanan, game da kayan aikin masana'anta, ana iya amfani da ra'ayi na telescopic.

Wani nau'in wanki shine goga, amma an riga an samar dashi ba sau da yawa. A wannan yanayin, ana amfani da famfo na lantarki na yau da kullun, wanda baya haifar da matsin lamba a cikin tsarin. Ana amfani da jet ɗin ko dai a gilashin ko kuma kai tsaye zuwa goge goge waɗanda za a kula da su. Wannan gyare-gyaren sannu a hankali ana watsar dashi, tunda mafi yawan kayan gani an sanya su ba gilashi ba, amma tare da filastik mai haske. Idan kuna amfani da goge, to yashi da aka kama tsakanin zaren roba da farfajiyar da za'a yi masa magani (kuma tabbas zai kasance a wurin) tabbas zai fasa samfurin, saboda haka dole ne ku goge fitilun fitila ko ku canza su.

Mafi kyawun abin dogara shine tsari mai tsayayye, tunda babu wasu ƙarin ɓangarori a cikin na'urarta da zasu iya kasawa. A irin wannan gyare-gyaren, abin da kawai zai iya rushewa shi ne motar. Sauran ayyukan rashin aiki sun haɗa da ɓarkewar layin (fashewa ko fashewar tiyo daga dacewa) da toshewar abin fesawa idan direba ya zubar da ruwa mai datti ko datti ya shiga cikin tankin. Adadin masu yadawa a kowane fitila ya dogara da tsarin fasalin kayan gani.

Daga cikin minuses na irin wannan zamani, kawai tasirin gani ne - ba kowane mai mota yake son fitattun ɓangarori daga damina ba, amma wannan baya shafar ko dai halayyar tuki ko ingancin kyan gani, kuma ba a ganin masu fesa kayan daga sashin fasinjoji.

Amma game da nau'in telescopic, ana iya ganin gabansa ta hanyar ramuka a cikin dam, wanda ke nuna cewa za'a iya fadada tsarin. Hanyar jet da za'a iya janyewa tana cikin matukar buƙata idan aka kwatanta da analog ɗin da ya gabata, tunda za'a iya haɗa tsarin a cikin damina, kuma ba za'a gan shi ba. Tsarin tsabtace gilashin ya bambanta ne kawai a cikin wannan kafin a fesa ruwan, motar tana ɗaga nozzles daga damina zuwa matakin tsakiyar hasken fitila.

Ga ɗan gajeren bidiyo na yadda irin wannan tsarin yake aiki:

Yadda wankin fitila yake aiki a kan RAV4 2020 Vidos daga mai shi

Gyara aikin wankin babbar fitila

Kodayake wannan tsarin yana da tsari mai sauƙi, kamar yadda yake a yanayin farfajiyar gilashi ta yau da kullun, ya kamata a bi rulesan dokoki masu sauƙi don kiyaye dukkan masu motsa rai lafiya.

1. A farkon sanyi, dole ne a maye gurbin ruwa a cikin tanki da anti-daskarewa. Wannan na iya zama cakuda na ruwa da giya ko wani maganin hana daskarewa na musamman da aka siya a shago. Ko da kuwa ba a taɓa amfani da tsarin ba a lokacin hunturu, layin ba zai daskare ba, wanda zai sa a canza shi (a daidai lokacin da ake yin ƙara, ruwan yana faɗaɗa sosai, wanda zai haifar da lalata ba tankin kawai ba, har ma da da hoses).
2. Wajibi ne a lura da tsabtar ruwa a cikin tanki. Wasu masu ababen hawa suna cika ruwa ta cikin matattara ta musamman wacce aka sanya a ramin tankin. Idan akwai wasu abubuwa na baƙi a cikin akwati, da sannu ko ba jima za su faɗa cikin ƙwanƙolin mai fesawa kuma su shafi shugaban jirgin, kuma a cikin mafi munin yanayi, suna haifar da toshewar ta. An maye gurbin marufin da aka toshe da sababbi ko tsabtace shi.
3. Idan an sanya kayan aikin xenon a cikin mota, to bai kamata ku yi sauri ba don kashe tsarin don adana makamashin tsarin jirgi. Wannan saboda gilashin fitilun datti na datti na iya gurɓata watsawar katangar haske, wanda zai iya shafar tasirin hasken wuta da mummunan tasiri.

Baya ga wannan, dokar wasu kasashe ta tilastawa direbobi sanya ido kan lafiyar na'urar haska fitilar xenon, kuma dan sanda mai kula da zirga-zirga na iya duba tsarin yana aiki.

Yadda ake girka wankin fitilu da hannunka, yadda zaka kunna shi kuma kayi shi daidai

Yanzu bari muyi magana kadan game da yadda zaka girka tsarin tsaftar fitila na fitila idan ba yadda aka tsara motar ba. Da farko dai, ya kamata ka yanke shawara kan wane nau'in na'urar da kake buƙata. Tsarin tsayayye shine mafi sauki don girkawa. A wannan yanayin, ana ɗora nozzles a saman damben don nozzles ɗin su rufe saman gilashin kamar yadda ya yiwu. Layin yana jagorantar cikin cikin damina zuwa tafkin da ya dace.

Hanya mafi sauki ita ce ta girka layi mai zaman kansa tare da famfon mutum, tunda wannan ƙirar ba ya nufin dogaro da na'urar wankin gilashin motar, kuma waɗannan tsarikan biyu ba sa buƙatar aiki tare da daidaita su ta yadda mai tsabtace hasken ido ba ya aiki a duk lokacin da gilashin gilashin yake aiki. an kunna feshi

Tsarin girka babbar hanya ya fi sauki a yanayin motocin gida. Zaka iya shigar da ƙarin tanki a cikin su ko rawar soja cikin madaidaicin tanki kuma shigar da ƙarin famfo a ciki. Wasu motocin baƙi basu yarda a gudanar da irin wannan zamani ba saboda ƙaramar sashin injina.

A cikin ɗakunan motoci da kantunan kayan haɗi, zaku iya samun kayan aikin da basa buƙatar haƙawa. A wannan yanayin, ana amfani da kushin na musamman, an kafa shi a tef mai gefe biyu, kuma ana wuce layin tsakanin maɓallin damfara da kuma gidan wutar fitila. A kowane hali, kowane kayan aiki yana da umarnin shigarwa, wanda ke nuna ƙarancin hanyoyin aikin.

Shigar da tsarin yana farawa tare da shimfiɗa layi. Da farko, ana huda kayan fitarwa wanda za'a hada famfo mai matsi mai karfi. Dole ne a shimfiɗa hoses a cikin mafi kankantar hanyar da za ta yiwu, amma yana da daraja a tsallake abubuwan motsi da dumamawa don kada layin ya sha wahala.

Na gaba, an shigar da sprayers. Game da tsayuwa, komai abu ne mai sauƙi. An girke su a saman damben domin nozzles din ana karkata zuwa tsakiyar hasken. Wasu mutane suna shigar da waɗannan abubuwan ta hanyar ɗan daidaita su daga tsakiyar fitilar fitila, sa'annan su saita shugaban bututun ta amfani da bakin allura. Amma a wannan yanayin, matsin zai magance farfajiyar ba daidai ba, saboda wanne bangare na gilashin zai fi kyau wanka, yayin da ɗayan zai kasance cikakke. Sabili da haka, dole ne jikin hanci na waje ya kasance kusa da tsakiyar ɓangaren ƙirar gani (ba duk fitilolin fitila na da kwararan fitila a tsakiyar tsarin ba)

Hanyar iri ɗaya tana amfani da abubuwan jet-in-jet da aka yanke. Kuna buƙatar huɗa ƙaramin rami don ku gyara girmansa. Idan babu kwarewa a cikin irin wannan aikin, to, kuna buƙatar rawar jiki daga gefen gaba, kuma ba daga cikin cikin damin ba. In ba haka ba, kwakwalwan fenti na iya faruwa, wanda zai yi wahalar cirewa. An shigar da injectors kuma an daidaita su daidai da umarnin.

Fanfon kanta an haɗa shi da sauƙi. Babban abu shine kiyaye polarity. Ana yin haɗin ta hanyoyi biyu. Kowane mai mota yana yanke wa kansa wanne daga cikinsu ya fi yarda da shari'arsa. Hanya ta farko ita ce ta hanyar maɓallin da aka keɓe ko maɓallin sauya bazara. A wannan yanayin, ana kunna tsarin sau ɗaya ta latsa maɓallin.

Hanya ta biyu don haɗa famfo ita ce ta ƙungiyar masu tuntuɓar babban mai wanki ko daidai da babban famfo. Tare da wannan shigarwar, babu buƙatar saka ƙarin maɓallin, wanda zai iya rushe zane. Amma a gefe guda, na'urar wankin fitila zata yi aiki a duk lokacin da direba ya kunna wankin. Wannan zai kara yawan amfani da ruwa.

Idan abin hawa yana sanye da na'urar wankin fitila daga masana'anta, ana iya kunna tsarin ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Misali, a cikin samfuri ɗaya, ya isa ya ninka-sau biyu a sauya maɓallin wankin gilashin motar. A wasu halaye, dole ne a riƙe wannan maɓallin a ɗan wani lokaci. A cikin umarnin aiki, mai kera motoci yana nuna yadda za'a kunna na'urar a wani yanayi. Koyaya, akwai wasu kamance. Don haka, ba a kunna tsarin ba idan firikwensin haske ba ya aiki (zai yi aiki ne kawai a cikin duhu) ko kuma har sai an kunna katako, amma ba girman ba (game da dalilin da yasa akwai fitilun ajiye motoci a cikin motar, karanta daban).

Ribobi da fursunoni na hasken wutar mota

Duk da bayyananniyar fa'ida ta mai tsabtace kayan gani, wannan tsarin yana da maki mara kyau da yawa.

1. Da farko, ya kamata a ambaci ingancin tsaftacewa. Ba a kowane yanayi ba, koda jirgi mai ƙarfi yana iya jimre da gurɓatarwar ƙasa. Mafi yawanci wannan yana faruwa ne ga kwari masu bin tsarin tuki mai sauri.
2. Lokacin da abin hawan yake a tsaye, fesawa yana da tasiri fiye da lokacin da motar ke motsi. Dalili kuwa shi ne, yanayin iska na iya sauya alkiblar jirgin, wanda ka iya sanya wankin ya zama ba shi da tasiri yayin tuki. A wannan halin, ruwa yana watsewa a kowane bangare, kuma gilashin ya kasance da datti.
3. Idan a lokacin bazara ba matsala don zuba adadin ruwan da ake buƙata a cikin tanki, to a lokacin hunturu wannan yana da alaƙa da ƙarin sharar gida - kuna buƙatar siyan mai wanki kuma koyaushe ku riƙe ajiyar wannan ruwan tare da ku.
4. Rashin haɗari na gaba na wannan na'urar ana danganta shi da aiki a cikin hunturu. Idan kun kunna feshi a cikin sanyi, to ruwa mai ƙarancin inganci zai iya daskarewa a saman fitilar fitila (a game da babban mai wanki, ana kawar da wannan sakamakon ta aikin masu shafawa da zafin jikin gilashin gilashin, wanda aka dumama ta tsarin dumama ciki). Saboda wannan, za a iya karkatar da alkiblar haske saboda sauyawa. Saboda wannan, kuna buƙatar siyan ruwa mai tsada a cikin wanki.
5. Haka sanyi zai iya haifar da toshewa da gazawar turin injector. Suna iya kawai daskare ga damina.
6. Dogaro da nau'in na'urar, ƙarin abubuwa suna bayyana a cikin motar da ke buƙatar kulawa, kuma yayin lalacewar, gyara.

Don haka, da fitowar masu wankan fitila, ya zama sauƙi direbobi su kula da motarsu. Idan ana iya cire duk wata cuta a yayin aikin wankan, baza'a iya yin hakan yayin tuƙi ba. Wannan zaɓin yana da amfani musamman lokacin da gilashin yayi datti yayin ruwan sama - direba baya buƙatar yin rigar akan titi don cire ƙazantar.

A ƙarshe, muna ba da ɗan gajeren gwajin bidiyo na tsarin tsabtace fitila guda biyu tare da masu goge-goge da mayuka:

Darussan Tsaro - Wankin Haske na Farko da Wipers - Zaɓin Takalma

Tambayoyi & Amsa:

Wadanne fitulun mota ake bukata don me? An tsara katakon da aka tsoma don haskaka hanyar da ke kusa da motar (mafi girman mita 50-60, amma ba tare da zirga-zirga masu zuwa ba). Ana buƙatar babban katako don haskaka titin na dogon lokaci (idan babu zirga-zirga mai zuwa).

Wadanne na'urorin gani ne suka fi dacewa da mota? Laser optics na haskakawa mafi kyau duka (yana iya kaiwa mita 600 cikin sauƙi), amma yana da tsada sosai, saboda dole ne ya yi amfani da fasahar matrix (yana yanke wani yanki don kada ya makantar da zirga-zirgar da ke zuwa).

Wadanne nau'ikan fitulun mota ne akwai? Halogen (fitilar incandescent), xenon (gas-fitarwa), haske-emitting diode (LED-lamps), Laser (hasken matrix, adapting ga motocin motsi a gaba).