Nau'in fitilun mota
Abubuwa
Kayan wutar lantarki kayan aiki ne waɗanda aka girka a ciki da kewayen motar, kuma suna ba da hasken titin cikin duhu, yana nuna girman motar, sannan kuma yana faɗakar da motsin sauran masu amfani da hanyar. Fitilar fitilar mota ta farko ta fara aiki a kan kananzir, sannan fitowar wutar fitowar Edison ta fitilu ta bayyana, kuma tushen hasken zamani ya wuce haka. Zamuyi magana game da nau'ikan fitilun mota daga baya a cikin wannan labarin.
Ka'idodin Fitilar Mota
Fitilun motoci ba su da bambanci a cikin nau'in kawai, amma kuma a cikin tushe. Edison ya gabatar da asalin sanannen zaren ne a cikin 1880, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin yawancin zaɓuɓɓuka suka bayyana. Akwai manyan ka'idoji guda uku da aka samo a cikin CIS:
- Cikin gida GOST 17100-79 / GOST 2023.1-88.
- Turai IEC-EN 60061-1.
- Ba'amurke ANSI.
Matsayin Turai yafi yawa kuma yana da alamomin kansa waɗanda ke ƙayyade nau'in fitila da tushe. Tsakanin su:
- T - yana nufin ƙaramar fitila (T4W).
- W (a farkon zayyanawa) - mara tushe (W3W).
- W (a ƙarshen bayan lambar) - yana nuna ƙarfi a cikin watts (W5W).
- H - nadi don fitilun halogen (H1, H6W, H4).
- C - soffit
- Y - fitilar lemu mai haske (PY25W).
- R - kwalban 19 mm (R10W).
- P - kwan fitila 26,5 mm (P18W).
Matsakaicin cikin gida yana da fasali masu zuwa:
- A - fitilar mota.
- MN - dada.
- C - soffit
- KG - ma'adini halogen.
A cikin sanya fitilun gida, akwai lambobin da ke nuna sigogi daban-daban.
Misali, AKG 12-24 + 40. Lambar farko bayan haruffa suna nuna ƙarfin lantarki, bayan dash - ikon a cikin watts, kuma "ƙari" yana nuna gaɓoɓin haɗuwa biyu, ma'ana, ƙarami da ƙwanƙolin katako tare da sanya iko. Sanin waɗannan zane-zane, zaka iya ƙayyade nau'in na'urar da sigogin ta.
Nau'ikan sansanonin fitilu
Nau'in haɗin tare da harsashi yawanci ana nuna shi akan jiki. Akwai nau'ikan plinth masu zuwa da ake amfani dasu akan motoci.
Soffit (S)
Ana amfani da Haske don amfani da hasken ciki, faranti na lasisi, akwati ko akwatin safar hannu. Suna kasancewa tsakanin lambobin da aka loda da bazara, wanda ke sa su zama kamar fiyu. Alama tare da wasika S.
Flanged (P)
Caps na wannan nau'in an sanya su tare da harafin P kuma galibi ana amfani da su a cikin maɓuɓɓuka masu haske da ƙanƙara, inda ake buƙatar bayyanannen matsayi na karkace dangane da jiki. Hakanan, ana kiran irin waɗannan fitilun masu mai da hankali.
Mara tushe (W)
Ana sanya fitilun wannan nau'in ta harafin W. Waya madaukai an ƙirƙirata a kan igiyar kwan fitilar kuma an haɗa ta saboda haɓakar lambobin da ke kewaye da waɗannan madaukai. Ana iya cire waɗannan kwararan fitila kuma a ɗora su ba tare da juyawa ba. Yawanci, wannan daidaitaccen matakin ne (T). Ana amfani dasu sosai a cikin motoci da kayan ado.
Fil (B)
Fil-base fitilu sune mafi yadu amfani da motoci. Irin wannan haɗin ana kiransa bayonet, lokacin da aka gyara tushe a cikin ƙuƙwalwa ta hanyar juyawa.
Haɗin haɗin haɗin kai tare da zane BA da haɗin haɗin asymmetrical (BAZ, BAY) suma an raba su. Letteraramin harafi a cikin alamar yana nuna lambar lambobin: p (5), q (4), t (3), d (2), s (1).
Tebur mai zuwa yana nuna wurin da fitilun atomatik suke, nau'in su da yin alama akan tushe.
| Inda za a saka fitila a cikin mota | Nau'in fitila | Nau'in tushe |
| Hasken kai (babba / ƙarami) da hasken hazo | R2 | P45t |
| H1 | P14,5s ku | |
| H3 | PK22s | |
| H4 | P43t | |
| H7 | Saukewa: PX26D | |
| H8 | Saukewa: PGJ19-1 | |
| H9 | Saukewa: PGJ19-5 | |
| H11 | Saukewa: PGJ19-2 | |
| H16 | Saukewa: PGJ19-3 | |
| H27W / 1 | PG13 | |
| H27W / 2 | Bayani na PGJ13 | |
| HB3 | P20d | |
| HB4 | P22d | |
| HB5 | PX29t | |
| Hasken birki, alamun manuniya (na baya / gaba / gefe), fitilun baya | BA -21W | BAU15s / 19 |
| P21 / 5W | BAY15d | |
| P21W | BA15s | |
| W5W (gefe) | ||
| WY5W (gefe) | ||
| R5W, R10W | ||
| Hasken fitila da hasken daki | Saukewa: T4W | BA9s / 14 |
| H6W | Saukewa: PX26D | |
| C5W | SV8,5 / 8 | |
| Hasken ciki da hasken akwati | 10W | SV8,5 T11X37 |
| R5W | BA15s / 19 | |
| C10W |
Iri daban-daban na kwararan fitila ta nau'in wuta
Baya ga bambanci a cikin nau'in haɗin, samfuran wutar lantarki sun bambanta da nau'in wutar.
Kwan fitila na al'ada
Irin waɗannan kwararan fitila ana amfani dasu sosai a rayuwar yau da kullun. Ana amfani da tungsten ko filament din carbon azaman filament. Don hana tungsten daga shayarwa, ana fitar da iska daga ƙyallen. Lokacin da aka kawo wuta, filament din yakai 2000K kuma yana bada haske.
Ungone tungsten na iya daidaitawa a bangon kwalba, yana rage nuna gaskiya. Sau da yawa, zaren yakan ƙone kawai. Ingantaccen irin waɗannan samfuran yana matakin matakin 6-8%. Hakanan, saboda tsayin zaren, hasken ya warwatse kuma baya bayar da hankalin da ake so. Saboda waɗannan da sauran fa'idodi, ba a amfani da fitilu na yau da kullun azaman babban haske a cikin motoci.
Halogen
Har ila yau fitilar halogen na aiki ne bisa ka'ida, kawai kwan fitila ne dauke da halogen vapors (buffer gas) - iodine ko bromine. Wannan yana ɗaga zafin zafin murfin zuwa 3000K sannan kuma yana ƙara rayuwar sabis daga sa'o'i 2000 zuwa 4000. Hasken haske yana tsakanin 15 zuwa 22 lm / W.
Kwayoyin Tungsten da aka saki yayin aiki suna amsawa da sauran iskar oxygen da iskar gas, wanda ke kawar da bayyanar ajiya a kan kwalba. Siffar kwan fitilar kwan fitila da gajeren karkace suna ba da kyakkyawar kulawa, saboda haka galibi ana amfani da irin waɗannan samfuran don fitillan mota.
Xenon (fitowar gas)
Wannan nau'in lantarki ne na zamani. Hasken haske sigar baka ce da aka kafa tsakanin wayoyi biyu na tungsten, waɗanda suke cikin wani kwan fitila cike da xenon. Don outputara fitowar haske, xenon yana matsewa har zuwa yanayi na 30. Yanayin launi na radiation ya kai 6200-8000K, saboda haka ana buƙatar yanayi na aiki na musamman da kiyayewa don irin waɗannan fitilun. Bakan ya fi kusa da hasken rana, amma kuma akwai fitilun mercury-xenon waɗanda ke ba da haske. Fitilar haske bata cikin hankali. Don wannan, ana amfani da masu nuna haske na musamman waɗanda ke mai da hankali haske a inda ake so.
Irin waɗannan na'urori suna ba da kyakyawan haske, amma kuma akwai raunin amfani da su. Da farko dai, dole ne motar ta kasance tana da na’urar gyara kwankwasiyya ta atomatik da masu amfani da hasken fitila don hana walwala na ababen hawa masu zuwa. Hakanan ana buƙatar toshe ƙonewa don samar da ƙarfin lantarki don baka ya faru.
Hasken LED
Abubuwan LED suna ƙara samun farin jini a yanzu. Da farko, ana amfani da fitilun LED akasarin fitilun birki, fitilun baya, da dai sauransu. A nan gaba, masu kera motoci na iya canzawa gaba ɗaya zuwa hasken LED.
Haskakawa a cikin irin waɗannan fitilun an samar da su ne sakamakon sakin fotonon daga semiconductors lokacin da ake amfani da wutar lantarki. Bakan na iya zama daban-daban dangane da abubuwan da ke cikin sunadarai. Ofarfin wutar fitilun LED na mota zai iya kaiwa 70-100 lm / W, wanda ya ninka na fitilun halogen sau da yawa.
Fa'idodin fasahar LED sun haɗa da:
- faɗakarwa da ƙarfin damuwa;
- babban inganci;
- ƙananan ƙarfin amfani;
- babban zazzabi mai haske;
- abota da muhalli.
Shin yana yiwuwa a sanya xenon da fitilun LED a cikin fitila na fitila
Sanya kai tsaye na xenon ko fitilun LED na iya haifar da matsaloli tare da doka, tunda ƙarfin su ya ninka na halogen sau da yawa. Akwai manyan zaɓuɓɓuka uku don amfani da fitilun atomatik na LED:
- Amfani da ledodi don ƙarancin katako da ƙanƙan haske asalin wanda aka samar da shi ta atomatik, ma'ana, an sayi motar a cikin wannan yanayin.
- Kuna iya shigar da ledodi ko xenon da kanku idan an samar dashi a cikin matakan datti mafi tsada na ƙirar mota. A wannan yanayin, dole ne ku canza fitilolin mota gaba ɗaya.
- Shigar da ledoji a cikin fitowar fitilun motar halogen na mota.
Hanyar ta ƙarshe ba cikakkiyar doka ba ce, tunda yanayin bakan da ƙarfin haskakawar haske.
Kula da lakabi. Idan an kayyade HR / HC, wannan ya dace da amfani da fitilun halogen. Don xenon, layin D da LED don diodes sun dace. Karfin tushen haske kada ya bambanta da wanda mai sana'anta ya ayyana.
Hakanan akwai takamaiman buƙatu na Dokokin Fasaha na Unionungiyar Kwastam don kayan aikin LED da kayan aikin xenon. Dole ne ya kasance akwai tsari don daidaitawa kai tsaye na katako mai haske ta kusurwa, da kuma na'urar tsabtacewa. Idan akwai wani cin zarafi, ana ba da tarar 500 rubles. A wasu lokuta, har zuwa tauye haƙƙi daga wata shida zuwa shekara guda.
Lokacin zabar da maye gurbin fitilun mota, ya kamata ku kula da alamar don zaɓar nau'in da ya dace. Yana da kyau a zaɓi waɗancan kwararan fitila waɗanda masana'anta suka ba da shawarar su.
