Na'urar da nau'ikan fitilun motar

Matsakaicin wuri a cikin tsarin hasken abin hawa yana ɗauke da fitila ta gaba (fitilun kai). Suna tabbatar da amincin tafiye-tafiye da yamma da daddare ta hanyar haskaka titin da ke gaban motar da kuma sanar da sauran direbobi lokacin da abin hawa ke zuwa.

Hasken fitila na gaba: abubuwan tsari

Haskoki na fitila an tsabtace cikin shekarun da suka gabata. Har zuwa ƙarshen karni na ashirin, an sanya fitilun zagaye na nau'in haske a cikin motoci. Koyaya, yayin da ergonomics da aerodynamics na jiki suka canza, sabbin mafita sun tashi: zagaye fitilun wuta basu bada izinin kirkirar layukan jiki mai sauƙi ba. Sabili da haka, masu zanen kaya da magina suka fara gabatar da sabbin siffofi masu kayatarwa waɗanda basu da ƙaranci dangane da halayen haske da halaye.

Fitilar kai ta zamani ta haɗu da na'urori da yawa a ɗaya:

• fitilun motocin ƙanana da ƙananan katako;
• fitilun ajiye motoci;
• alamun manuniya;
• Hasken Gudun Rana.

Zane guda ɗaya ake kira toshe headlamp. Toari da shi, ana iya sanya fitilun hazo (PTF) a gaban motar, don tabbatar da amincin balaguro cikin mummunan yanayin ganuwa.

tsoma fitilun wuta

Dogaro da yanayin hanya, ana iya amfani da dusar kai ko babba babba da dare.

Fitilar wutar da aka tsoma tana ba da hasken titin da ya kai mita 50-60 a gaban motar. Hasken fitila yana haskaka ƙafa ta dama.

Rashin katako bazai haifar da damuwa ga direbobin motocin masu zuwa ba. Idan motarka ta makantar da sauran masu motoci, to manyan fitilolin mota suna buƙatar gyara.

A cikin duniya, akwai tsarin biyu na rarraba hasken rafi - Turai da Amurka. Kowannensu yana da halaye irin nasa a cikin tsari da ka'idojin samuwar katako.

Filashin da ke cikin fitilolin motar motocin Amurka yana saman ɗan jirgin sama a kwance. Ruwa mai haske ya kasu kashi biyu, ɗayan yana haskaka hanya da gefen hanya, kuma na biyun ana nufin zuwa ababen hawa masu zuwa. Don hana fitilolin fitila daga direbobi masu haske, zurfin maɓallin haske wanda ke samar da ƙananan ɓangaren katako na haske ya canza.

A cikin motocin Turai, zaren yana sama da abin da ke juyayin kuma ya rufe ta da wani allo na musamman wanda ke hana fitowar haske shiga cikin ƙananan ƙasan. Godiya ga wannan tsarin, manyan fitilolin Turai suna da kwanciyar hankali ga masu motoci masu zuwa. Haskakawar haske tana fuskantar gaba da ƙasa, kai tsaye saman hanyar da ke gaban motar.

Babban hasken wuta

Babban bango na fitilun fitila ya bambanta ta hanyar tsananin ƙarfi da haske na fitowar haske, ƙwace mita 200-300 na hanyar daga duhu. Yana bayar da iyakar kewayon hasken hanya. Amma ana iya amfani dashi kawai idan babu wasu motocin a layin gani a gaban motar: haske mai haske yana makantar da direbobi.

Tsarin hasken wuta na daidaitawa, wanda aka girka azaman ƙarin aiki akan wasu motocin zamani, yana taimakawa rage tasirin mummunan katako.

Na'urar haska fitila

Ba tare da la'akari da nau'in fitilar fitila ba, akwai manyan abubuwa guda uku waɗanda ke tabbatar da aikin kimiyyan gani da ido.

Haske mai haske

Tushen haske shine babban ɓangaren kowane hasken fitila. Asali mafi mahimmanci a cikin fitilar kai na gaba shine kwararan fitila halogen. Dangane da kwanan nan, suna gasa tare da fitilun xenon, har ma daga baya - na'urorin LED.

Mai nunawa

Ana yin tallan da gilashi ko filastik tare da ƙananan ƙurar ƙarfen aluminum. Babban aikin mahimmin abu shine ya nuna hasken jujjuyawar haske da ke fitowa daga asalin kuma ƙara ƙarfin su. Gyarawa da allon haske suna taimakawa kai tsaye katangar haske ta hanyar da aka bayar.

Dangane da halayensu, ana iya raba masu nunawa zuwa manyan nau'ikan uku.

1. Parabolic mai nunawa. Zaɓin mafi arha, wanda aka ƙaddara shi da ƙirar sa. Fitilolin mota tare da irin wannan na'urar ba za a iya gyara su ta hanyar sauya haske, ƙarfi da shugabanci na hasken wuta.
2. Free-form na nunawa. Yana da yankuna da yawa waɗanda ke nuna sassan kowane ɓangaren haske. Haske a cikin waɗannan fitilun yana tsaye tsayayyu, amma lokacin da aka warwatse, rashi ya ragu sosai. Hakanan, fitilolin fitila tare da mai nuna nau'i-nau'i kyauta sun fi dacewa ga sauran direbobin.
3. Mai hangen nesa na ellipsoidal (ruwan tabarau) shine mafi tsada, amma a lokaci guda mafi kyawun zaɓi, yana kawar da asarar haske da ƙyalli na sauran direbobi. An fadada rafin da aka watsar da shi ta hanyar amfani da abin hangen nesa, sannan sai a juya shi zuwa makoma ta biyu - bangare na musamman wanda ya sake tattara haske. Daga faifan, an sake jujjuya yanayin zuwa ruwan tabarau, wanda ke tattara haske, yanke shi ko juya shi. Babban rashin tabarau shine cewa kwanciyar hankali na iya raguwa tare da amfani da mota. Wannan, bi da bi, zai haifar da rashin aiki ko asarar haske. Zai yiwu a kawar da lahani kawai tare da taimakon gyaran ƙirar ruwan tabarau na ƙwararru da aka yi a cikin sabis na mota.

Mai watsa labarai

Mai watsa haske a cikin motar shine ɓangaren waje na babbar fitila, wanda aka yi da gilashi ko roba mai haske. A gefen ciki na mai yadawa akwai tsarin ruwan tabarau da na firam, wanda girman sa na iya bambanta daga milimita zuwa santimita da yawa. Babban aikin wannan rukunin shine kare tushen haske daga tasirin waje, don watsa katako ta hanyar jagorantar kwararar zuwa hanyar da aka bayar. Siffofi daban-daban na masu yadawa suna taimakawa wajen daidaita alkiblar haske.

Nau'in tushen haske

A cikin motocin zamani, ana iya rarrabe manyan fitilolin mota da yawa, ya dogara da tushen hasken da aka yi amfani da shi.

Psyaran fitilu

Mafi sauki kuma mafi araha, amma tushen da daɗewa shine fitilu masu haskakawa. Ana bayar da aikin su ta hanyar filayen tungsten wanda yake a cikin kwan fitilar gilashi mara iska. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki a fitilar, zaren ya yi ɗumi sai haske ya fara fitowa daga gare ta. Koyaya, tare da amfani akai-akai, tungsten yana neman ƙazamar ruwa, wanda hakan ke haifar da katsewar filament. Yayin da sabbin fasahohi suka ci gaba, kwararan fitila ba za su iya tsayawa gasar ba kuma ba a amfani da su a cikin kimiyyan gani da ido.

Halogen fitilu

Duk da cewa ka'idar aiki na fitilun halogen sunyi kama da fitilu masu haske, rayuwar sabis na fitilun halogen ya ninka sau da yawa. Vapors na halogen gas (iodine ko bromine), wanda aka saka a cikin fitilar, yana taimakawa wajen ƙara tsawon lokacin fitilun, tare da ƙara matakin haske. Gas yana hulɗa tare da ƙwayoyin tungsten akan filament. Fitar da ruwa, tungsten yana zagayawa ta cikin kwan fitilar, sannan kuma, a haɗa shi da filament, ya sake daidaitawa a kai. Wannan tsarin yana tsawaita rayuwar fitila har zuwa awanni 1 ko fiye.

Xenon (fitowar gas) fitilu

A cikin fitilun xenon, ana samar da haske ta hanyar ɗumama gas ɗin ƙarƙashin babban ƙarfin lantarki. Koyaya, ana iya kunna fitilar kuma a kunna ta ta hanyar taimakon kayan aiki na musamman, wanda ke ƙaruwa da jimlar farashin kimiyyan gani da ido. Amma farashin sun yi daidai: fitilun xenon na iya wuce awa 2 ko fiye.

Tsarin haske na yau da kullun na yau da kullun yana amfani da fitilun bi-xenon wanda ya haɗu da ƙananan katako.

LED fitilu

LEDs sune mafi kyawun zamani da shahararren tushen haske. Rayuwar sabis na irin waɗannan fitilun sun kai 3 ko fiye da awanni. Tare da mafi ƙarancin amfani da makamashi, LEDs suna da ikon samar da wadataccen haske. Ana amfani da irin waɗannan fitilun a cikin tsarin wuta na waje da na ciki.

Tun shekara ta 2007 aka fara amfani da ledodi a cikin manyan fitilolin mota. Don tabbatar da matakin da ake so na haske mai haske, ana sanya bangarori da yawa na tushen LED a babbar fitila a lokaci daya. A wasu lokuta, hasken fitila na iya haɗawa da ledodi biyu zuwa uku.

Abubuwan cigaban zamani

Yana yiwuwa a nan gaba za a maye gurbin hanyoyin hasken zamani da sababbin abubuwan da suka faru. Misali, fitilun Laser wata fasaha ce ta zamani, wacce aka fara amfani da ita a cikin BMW i8. Fitilar kai tana amfani da Laser azaman tushen haske, wanda ke haskakawa kan ruwan tabarau mai rufin phosphor. Sakamakon haske ne mai haske, mai haskakawa ya jagoranta zuwa kan titin.

Rayuwar Laser tayi daidai da LEDs, amma haske da amfani da ƙarfi sunfi kyau.

Kudin saitin fitilun laser ya fara daga euro 10. Wannan farashin yana kama da farashin motar kasafin kuɗi.

Wani ci gaban zamani shine hasken fitilar matrix ya dogara da tushen hasken LED. Dogaro da yanayin zirga-zirga, motar zata iya daidaita aikin kowane sashe na LEDs ta atomatik. Wannan saitin yana taimakawa don tabbatar da kyawon haske koda cikin mawuyacin yanayi na rashin gani sosai.

Hanyoyin sarrafa hasken kai

Hanyar kunna fitilun gaba a cikin mota ya dogara da ƙira, ƙira da kayan aikin motar. A cikin zaɓuɓɓukan kasafin kuɗi, ana ba da hanya ta hannu don sarrafa kayan gani. Direban yana amfani da keɓaɓɓen maɓalli wanda za a iya sanyawa a ƙarƙashin sitiyari ko a gaban mota.

A cikin samfuran zamani da masu tsada, akwai wata na'urar da take kunna fitila ta atomatik ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi. Misali, optics na iya fara aiki a lokacin da injin ya fara aiki. Wani lokaci ana haɗa na'urar canza hasken fitila tare da firikwensin ruwan sama ko abubuwa na musamman waɗanda ke amsawa zuwa matakin haske.

Kamar yadda yake tare da sauran abubuwan motar, ana ci gaba da inganta fitilun wuta. Suna samo ba kawai ƙirar haske da fasaha ba, amma har da ingantattun halaye masu haske. Koyaya, babban aikin fitilolin wuta bai canza ba kuma shine tabbatar da lafiyar direba, fasinjojinsa da sauran masu amfani da hanya cikin duhu.