Tsarin da ka'idar aiki na tsarin tsaro na wucin gadi SRS
Tsaro tsarin,  Kayan abin hawa

Tsarin da ka'idar aiki na tsarin tsaro na wucin gadi SRS

Mota ba hanya ce ta jigilar mutane kawai ba, amma kuma tana da haɗari. Yawan ababen hawa a kan titunan Rasha da na duniya, saurin saurin motsi babu makawa yana haifar da karuwar yawan hadura. Sabili da haka, aikin masu zanen kaya shine haɓaka ba kawai kwanciyar hankali ba, amma har da mota mai aminci. Tsarin aminci mai wucewa yana taimakawa magance wannan matsalar.

Menene tsarin aminci mai wucewa ya ƙunsa?

Tsarin kiyaye lafiyar abin hawa ya haɗa da duk na'urori da hanyoyin da aka tsara don kare direba da fasinjoji daga mummunan rauni a lokacin haɗari.

Babban kayan aikin tsarin sune:

  • bel na zama tare da masu tayar da hankali da iyakancewa;
  • jakunkuna na iska;
  • lafiyayyen tsarin jiki;
  • kujerun yara;
  • gaggawa cire haɗin baturi;
  • takunkumin shugaban aiki;
  • tsarin kiran gaggawa;
  • wasu na'urorin da basu cika amfani dasu ba (misali ROPS akan canzawa).

A cikin motocin zamani, duk abubuwan SRS suna haɗuwa kuma suna da sarrafawar lantarki na gama gari don tabbatar da ingancin yawancin abubuwan haɗin.

Koyaya, manyan abubuwan kariya a lokacin haɗari a cikin motar sun kasance bel da jakunkuna na iska. Suna daga cikin SRS (Restarin rauntataccen Tsarin), wanda kuma ya haɗa da wasu hanyoyin da na'urori da yawa.

Juyin halitta na na'urori masu aminci

Na'urar farko da aka kirkira don tabbatar da lafiyar lafiyar mutum a cikin mota shine bel na mazauni, wanda aka fara samo lasisi a cikin 1903. Koyaya, sanya bel a cikin motoci ya fara ne kawai a rabi na biyu na karni na ashirin - a cikin 1957. A wancan lokacin, an saka na'urorin a kan kujerun gaba kuma sun gyara direba da fasinja a cikin yankin ƙashin ƙugu (maki biyu).

Belt ɗin zama mai maki uku an haƙƙin mallaka a cikin 1958. Bayan wata shekara, an fara sanya na'urar a kan motocin da ake kera su.

A cikin 1980, ƙirar bel ta inganta sosai tare da sanya mai tayar da hankali wanda ke ba da bel mafi dacewa a lokacin karo.

Airbags sun bayyana a cikin motoci da yawa daga baya. Duk da cewa an bayar da lasisin farko na irin wannan na'urar a 1953, motocin kerawa sun fara zama masu matashin kai kawai a cikin 1980 a Amurka. Da farko, an sanya jakunkuna don direba kawai, kuma daga baya - don fasinja na gaba. A cikin 1994, an gabatar da jakankunan iska masu tasiri a karon farko a cikin ababen hawa.

A yau, bel da jakar iska suna ba da babbar kariya ga mutanen da ke cikin motar. Koyaya, yakamata a tuna cewa suna tasiri ne kawai lokacinda aka ɗaura bel. In ba haka ba, jakkunan iska da aka tura na iya haifar da ƙarin rauni.

Nau'in busawa

Dangane da ƙididdiga, fiye da rabi (51,1%) na haɗari masu haɗari tare da waɗanda aka cutar suna tare da tasirin gaba zuwa gaban abin hawa. A matsayi na biyu dangane da mita shine tasirin gefe (32%). A ƙarshe, ƙananan haɗari suna faruwa sakamakon tasiri a bayan abin hawa (14,1%) ko juyewa (2,8%).

Dogaro da shugabanci na tasiri, tsarin SRS yana tantance waɗanne na'urori ya kamata a kunna.

  • A cikin tasiri na gaba, ana tura masu ɗaukar bel, da direba da jakunkuna na gaban fasinja (idan tasirin bai yi tsanani ba, tsarin SRS ba zai kunna jakar iska ba).
  • A tasirin tasiri na gaba-gaba, kawai masu iya ɗamarar bel za a iya tsunduma. Idan tasirin ya fi tsanani, ana buƙatar tura jakunkuna na gaba da / ko kai da na gefe.
  • A cikin tasiri na gefen, ana iya tura jakankuna na kai, jakunan iska na gefe da masu ɗamara bel a gefen tasirin.
  • Idan tasirin ya kasance zuwa bayan abin hawa, mai yiwuwa ne mai kunna bel na babba da mai fasa batir su kunna.

Hankalin da ke haifar da abubuwan aminci na mota ya dogara da takamaiman yanayin haɗarin (ƙarfi da shugabanci na tasiri, gudun a lokacin haɗuwa, da dai sauransu), haka kuma akan ƙirar da ƙirar motar.

Tsarin lokaci na karo

Arangamar motoci na faruwa nan take. Misali, motar da ke tafiya a kan gudun kilomita 56 / h kuma ta yi karo da cikas na tsayawa yana zuwa cikakkiyar tsayawa tsakanin miliseconds 150. Don kwatankwacin, a lokaci guda, mutum na iya samun lokacin lumshe idanunsa. Ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa direban ko fasinjojin ba su da lokacin da za su ɗauki wani mataki don tabbatar da amincin su a lokacin tasirin. Dole ne SRS yayi musu wannan. Yana kunna belin bel da tsarin jakar iska.

A cikin tasirin gefe, jakunan iska na gefe suna buɗewa ma cikin sauri - ba fiye da 15 ms ba. Yanki tsakanin yanayin da ya lalace da jikin mutum ƙarami ne ƙwarai, don haka tasirin direba ko fasinja a jikin motar zai faru a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci.

Don kare mutum daga maimaita tasiri (alal misali, lokacin da mota ke birgima ko shiga cikin rami), jakunkunan iska na gefen suna ci gaba da kumbura na dogon lokaci.

Tasirin firikwensin

Ayyukan duka tsarin ana tabbatar dasu ta hanyar firikwensin firikwensin firikwensin firikwensin firikwensin firikwensin firikwensin firikwensin firikwensin firikwensin. Waɗannan na'urori suna gano cewa haɗuwa ta faru kuma sun aika sigina zuwa sashin sarrafawa, wanda hakan ke kunna jakunkuna na iska.

Da farko, kawai ana saka na'urori masu auna tasirin gaba a cikin motoci. Koyaya, yayin da ababen hawa suka fara wadatar da ƙarin matashin kai, an ƙara adadin firikwensin.

Babban aikin masu firikwensin shine ƙayyade shugabanci da ƙarfin tasirin. Godiya ga waɗannan na'urori, a yayin haɗari, kawai jakankunan iska da ake buƙata za a kunna, kuma ba duk abin da ke cikin motar ba.

Na'urar haska bayanai irin ta Electromechanical gargajiya ce. Tsarin su yana da sauƙi amma abin dogara. Babban abubuwan sune kwalliya da marmaro mai ƙarfe. Saboda rashin kuzari da ke faruwa yayin tasirin, ƙwallon ya daidaita bazara, yana rufe lambobin, bayan haka firikwensin firgita ya aika bugun jini zuwa sashin sarrafawa.

Stara taurin bazara ba ya ba da damar kunna inji ta hanyar taka birki mai ƙarfi ko ɗan tasiri a kan cikas. Idan motar tana tafiya cikin ƙarancin gudu (har zuwa 20 km / h), to ƙarfin mara ƙarfi shima bai isa yayi aiki akan bazara ba.

Maimakon na'urori masu auna sigina na lantarki, motoci da yawa na zamani suna sanye da kayan lantarki - firikwensin hanzari.

A cikin sauƙaƙan sharuɗɗa, an tsara firikwensin hanzari kamar ƙarfin lantarki. Wasu daga cikin faranti an gyara tsayayyensu, yayin da wasu ke motsi kuma suna yin abubuwa kamar girgizar ƙasa. A kan karo, wannan adadin yana motsawa, yana canza ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin. Wannan bayanin an tsara shi ta tsarin sarrafa bayanai, yana aika bayanan da aka karba zuwa sashin kula da jakar iska.

Za a iya rarraba firikwensin hanzari zuwa manyan nau'ikan biyu: haɓaka da keɓaɓelectric. Kowannensu ya ƙunshi abu mai hangen nesa da tsarin sarrafa bayanai na lantarki wanda ke cikin gida ɗaya.

Tushen tsarin kiyaye lafiyar abin hawa kayan aiki ne da aka samu nasarar nuna ingancinsu tsawon shekaru. Godiya ga aikin injiniyoyi da masu zane-zane akai-akai, inganta tsarin aminci, masu ababen hawa da fasinjoji suna iya kauce wa mummunan rauni a lokacin haɗari.

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