Na'urar da ka'idar aiki na firikwensin matsayin camshaft

Injiniyoyin zamani suna da tsari mai rikitarwa kuma ana sarrafa su ta hanyar na'urar sarrafa lantarki ta hanyar sigina na firikwensin. Kowane firikwensin yana lura da wasu sigogi da ke nuna aikin motar a halin yanzu, kuma yana watsa bayanai ga ECU. A cikin wannan labarin, zamuyi la'akari da ɗayan mahimman abubuwa na tsarin sarrafa injiniya - firikwensin matsayin camshaft (DPRV).

Menene DPRV

Taƙaitawar DPRV tana nufin Sensor Matsayi na Camshaft. Sauran sunaye: Sensor na Hall, firikwensin lokaci ko CMP (taƙaitaccen Turanci). Daga sunan ya bayyana a sarari cewa yana shiga cikin aikin rarraba gas. Mafi dacewa, bisa ga bayanan ta, tsarin yana ƙididdige lokacin da ya dace na allurar mai da ƙonewa.

Wannan firikwensin yana amfani da wutar lantarki mai karfin wuta (volt) 5 kuma babban abinda yake dauke dashi shine Sensor din Hall. Shi kansa ba ya ƙayyade lokacin allura ko ƙonewa ba, amma yana watsa bayanai ne kawai game da lokacin da fistan ya kai farkon silinda TDC. Dangane da waɗannan bayanan, ana yin lissafin lokacin allura da tsawon lokaci.

A cikin aikinta, DPRV an haɗa ta da aiki tare da firikwensin matsayin crankshaft (DPKV), wanda shi ma ke da alhakin aikin daidai na tsarin ƙonewa. Idan saboda wasu dalilai firikwensin camshaft din ya gaza, za a yi amfani da ainihin bayanai daga na'urar firikwensin crankshaft. Sigin daga DPKV ya fi mahimmanci a cikin aikin tsarin ƙonewa da allura, ba tare da shi injin ɗin kawai ba zai yi aiki ba.

Ana amfani da DPRV akan duk injunan zamani, gami da injunan konewa na ciki tare da tsarin lokaci mai canzawa. An shigar dashi a cikin silinda, ya danganta da ƙirar motar.

Kayan firikwensin matsayi na Camshaft

Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, firikwensin yana aiki akan tasirin Hall. Wannan tasirin an gano shi a karni na XNUMX ta hanyar masanin kimiyya mai suna iri ɗaya. Ya lura cewa idan ana wucewa ta kai tsaye ta wani siririn faranti kuma an sanya shi a cikin fagen aikin maganadisu na dindindin, to akwai yiwuwar bambance-bambancen a sauran ƙarshen sa. Wato, a karkashin aikin magnetic induction, wani bangare na wutan lantarki ya karkata kuma ya samar da karamin lantarki (Hall voltage) akan sauran gefunan farantin. Ana amfani dashi azaman sigina.

An shirya DPRV a cikin hanya ɗaya, amma kawai a cikin ingantaccen tsari. Ya ƙunshi magnet na dindindin da semiconductor wanda aka haɗa lambobi huɗu da su. Ana aika siginar siginar zuwa ƙaramin haɗin kewaya, inda ake sarrafa shi, kuma lambobin yau da kullun (biyu ko uku) sun riga sun fito daga jikin firikwensin kanta. Jikin an yi shi da filastik.

Yadda yake aiki

An saka babbar faifai (dabaran motsa jiki) a kan kamshaft gaban DPRV. Hakanan, ana yin hakora na musamman ko tsinkaye akan faifai na camshaft. A halin yanzu wadannan fitattun abubuwa suna wucewa ta hanyar firikwensin, DPRV yana samar da siginar dijital na wani nau'i na musamman, wanda ke nuna bugun jini na yanzu a cikin silinda.

Ya fi daidai la'akari da aikin firikwensin camshaft tare da aikin DPKV. Sauye-sauyen crankshaft guda biyu sun yi bayanin juyin juya halin camshaft guda. Wannan shine sirrin aiki da tsarin allura da wuta. A wasu kalmomin, DPRV da DPKV suna nuna lokacin bugun matsawa a cikin silinda na farko.

Babban faifan crankshaft yana da hakora 58 (60-2), ma'ana, lokacin da wani sashe mai rata mai haƙori biyu ya wuce ta na'urar firikwensin crankshaft, sai tsarin ya bincika siginar tare da DPRV da DPKV kuma ya ƙayyade lokacin allurar zuwa farkon silinda . Bayan hakora 30, allura tana faruwa, misali, a cikin silinda ta uku, sannan zuwa ta huɗu da ta biyu. Wannan shine yadda aiki tare yake faruwa. Duk waɗannan alamun sigar bugun jini ne waɗanda sashin sarrafawa ke karantawa. Ana iya ganin su kawai akan oscillogram.

Alamar damuwa

Ya kamata a faɗi nan da nan cewa tare da matsala firikwensin camshaft, injin zai ci gaba da aiki da farawa, amma tare da ɗan jinkiri.

Symptomsila alamun rashin aiki na DPRV na iya nunawa ta waɗannan alamun bayyanar:

• ƙara yawan amfani da mai, tunda ba a daidaita tsarin allura;
• motar tana motsawa cikin jaka, ta rasa kuzari;
• akwai sanadin asarar ƙarfi, motar ba zata iya ɗaukar sauri ba;
• injin baya farawa nan da nan, amma tare da jinkiri na dakika 2-3 ko rumfa;
• tsarin wuta yana aiki tare da misfires, misfires;
• kwamfutar da ke ciki ta nuna kuskure, Injin Bincike ya haskaka.

Wadannan alamun na iya nuna rashin aikin DPRV, amma kuma suna iya nuna wasu matsalolin. Wajibi ne a sha bincike a cikin sabis ɗin.

Daga cikin dalilan gazawar DPRV akwai masu zuwa:

• matsaloli da wayoyi;
• yana iya zama guntu ko lanƙwasa a kan fitowar babban faifai, don haka firikwensin ya karanta bayanan da ba daidai ba;
• lalacewar firikwensin kansa.

Ta kanta, wannan ƙaramin na'urar da wuya ya kasa.

Hanyar Tabbatarwa

Kamar kowane sauran firikwensin dangane da tasirin Hall, ba za a iya duba DPRV ba ta auna ƙarfin lantarki a lambobin tare da multimeter (“ci gaba”). Cikakken hoto na aikinsa za'a iya bayar dashi ta hanyar dubawa tare da oscilloscope. A oscillogram zai nuna bugu da digo. Don karanta bayanai daga oscillogram, ku ma kuna buƙatar samun wasu ilimi da gogewa. Ana iya yin hakan ta ƙwararren masani a tashar sabis ko a cibiyar sabis.

Idan an gano matsalar aiki, ana canza firikwensin zuwa sabo, ba a ba da gyara.

DPRV tana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsarin ƙonewa da allura. Rashin aikin sa yana haifar da matsaloli yayin aiki da injin. Idan aka gano alamomin, zai fi kyau a same ka ta kwararrun masana.

Tambayoyi & Amsa:

ГAkwai firikwensin matsayi na camshaft? Ya dogara da samfurin powertrain. A wasu samfurori yana zuwa dama, yayin da wasu kuma zuwa hagu na motar. Yawancin lokaci yana kusa da saman bel na lokaci ko a bayan kambi.

Yadda za a duba firikwensin matsayi na camshaft? An saita multimeter zuwa yanayin ma'aunin DC na yanzu (mafi girman 20V). An katse guntuwar firikwensin. Ana duba ikon a cikin guntu kanta (tare da kunnawa). Ana amfani da wutar lantarki akan firikwensin. Tsakanin lambobin sadarwa yakamata a sami kusan kashi 90% na ƙarfin lantarki na mai nuna alama. An kawo wani abu na ƙarfe zuwa firikwensin - ƙarfin lantarki akan multimeter yakamata ya faɗi zuwa 0.4 V.

Menene firikwensin camshaft ke bayarwa? Dangane da sigina daga wannan firikwensin, sashin kulawa yana ƙayyade a wane lokaci da kuma wane nau'in silinda ya wajaba don samar da man fetur (bude bututun don cika silinda tare da sabon BTC).