Turbocompound - menene shi? Ka'idar aiki

Don haɓaka ingancin sassan wuta, masana'antun suna haɓaka nau'ikan hanyoyin da na'urori. Daga cikinsu akwai turbocompound. Bari mu gano wane irin kayan aiki ne, yadda injin turbo yake aiki da irin fa'idodinsa.

Menene turbocompound

Ana amfani da wannan gyare-gyaren akan injin dizal. A cikin wani nau'i na gargajiya, injin ɗin yana da injin turbin wanda yake amfani da iskar gas mai ƙarancin iska don ƙara matsa lamba ta iska a cikin kayan abinci da yawa.

Motar gas tana samar da mafi kyawun konewar HTS a cikin silinda, saboda hakan yanayin yana karɓar abubuwa marasa haɗari, kuma injin ɗin yana samun ƙaruwa mai ƙarfi. Koyaya, wannan inji yana amfani da ɗan juzu'i kaɗan na ƙarfin da aka saki lokacin da iskar gas ɗin da ke sharar iska ta bar yawan sharar.

Ga wasu lambobi. Temperaturearfin zafin da yake sharar iska a mashin din na iya kaiwa kimanin digiri 750. Yayinda iskar gas ke wucewa ta cikin injin injin din din din, sai ya juya wukake, wanda ya baiwa motar karin adadin iska mai tsafta. A bakin mashin din, gas din har yanzu yana da zafi (zafin jikinsu ya sauka da digiri dari kawai).

Ragowar makamashi ana amfani dashi ta wani toshe na musamman ta inda shaye shayen yake bi. Na'urar tana canza wannan kuzarin zuwa aikin inji, wanda ke kara juyawar crankshaft.

Manufar

Jigon mahaɗan toshe shine ƙara ƙarfin crankshaft saboda ƙarfin da kawai aka cire shi cikin yanayin cikin injin al'ada. Diesel yana samun ƙarin ƙarfin ƙarfin juzu'i, amma baya amfani da ƙarin mai.

Yadda tarin turbo ke aiki

Classic turbocharging ya kunshi tsari guda biyu. Na farko shine gas, wanda aka sanya motsin sa saboda gaskiyar cewa an ƙirƙiri matsin lamba a cikin hanyar shaƙar. Hanyar ta biyu ita ce kwampreso mai alaƙa da farkon abu. Manufarta ita ce fitar da iska mai tsabta cikin silinda.

A zuciyar ofarin naúrar, ana amfani da injin turbin, wanda ke bayan babban. Don kawar da babban bambanci tsakanin juyawar mahaɗan turbo da ƙugu, ana amfani da kayan haɓakar lantarki - kama. Zamewarsa yana tabbatar da daidaito na karfin juzu'I da ke fitowa daga na'urar da injin crankshaft.

Anan ga ɗan gajeren bidiyo na yadda ɗaya daga cikin gyare -gyaren injin turbocompound Volvo ke aiki:

Motocin Volvo - Injin D13 Turbo

Tsarin aiki na Turbo fili

Anan akwai zane mai sauri game da yadda injin turbo yake aiki. Da farko, iskar gas tana shiga cikin ramin turbocharger, tana juya babbar injin turbin. Bugu da ari, ya kwararar yana juya impeller din wannan aikin. Bugu da ƙari, saurin zai iya kaiwa dubu 100 a minti ɗaya.

An shigar da toshe fili a bayan kewayen supercharger. Rafi yana shiga raminsa, yana juya turbinsa. Wannan adadi ya kai dubu 55 a minti daya. Na gaba, ana amfani da kama mai haɗi da haɓakar raguwa da aka haɗa da crankshaft. Ba tare da haɗuwa da ruwa ba, na'urar ba za ta iya samar da ingantaccen ƙarfi cikin injin ƙonewa na ciki ba.

Injin na sikaniya yana da irin wannan makircin. Wannan tsari aikin kamfanin wutar lantarki DT 1202. Injin dasel na zamani wanda ya samu damar samarda wuta a cikin 420hp. Bayan da masana'antun suka haɓaka rukunin wutar tare da tsarin mahaɗan turbo, aikinsa ya karu da dawakai 50.

Abũbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani

Abubuwan da aka kirkira na cigaban kirkira sun ba da damar samun irin wannan kyakkyawan sakamako:

• Increaseara haɓaka mai kyau a ingancin injiniya, amma a lokaci guda crankshaft ba ya juyawa da sauri fiye da yadda aka saba;
• Yayin aiki, shigarwa baya buƙatar ƙarin mai, wanda hakan bazai sa motar ta zama mai rauni ba;
• Dangane da kasancewar haɗin haɗin hydraulic, ana tabbatar da daidaiton naúrar tare da kaifin canjin kaya;
• Injin yana aiki da santsi sosai saboda ƙarancin ƙarfi ana bayar dashi ta hanyar jujjuyawar crankshaft, amma ba saboda ƙwanƙwasawa daga ƙirar ƙirar ƙira ba;
• Dorewar naúrar ba ta raguwa, kamar dai an ɗora injin turbin a kan injin al'ada. Akasin haka, saboda sauke kayan aikin fistan, kayan aikin sa suna ƙaruwa.

Rashin dacewar sun haɗa da gaskiyar cewa an kashe kuɗi da yawa akan haɓaka kuma ƙarin shigarwa zai buƙaci biyan kuɗi don zamanantar da injiniya. Baya ga tsadar injina da kanta, ƙirarta tana daɗa rikitarwa. Saboda wannan, kiyayewa kuma, idan ya cancanta, gyare-gyare ya zama mafi tsada, kuma yana da wuya a sami maigida wanda ya fahimci na'urar girke a fili.

Muna ba da ƙaramin gwajin gwaji na injin dizal turbocompound:

Volvo FH I-Ajiye - gwada turbocompound