Gwajin fitar da injin dizal mai lita uku BMW

Ana samun injin mai na Diesel mai liƙa shida na BMW tare da kayan aiki daga 258 zuwa 381 hp. Alpina ya ƙara fassararsa ta 350 zuwa wannan haɗin. Shin kuna buƙatar saka hannun jari a cikin masu sukar iko ko yin aiki tare tare da ingantaccen sigar asali?

Uku-lita turbodiesel da hudu daban-daban ikon matakan - a farkon kallo, duk abin da alama sosai bayyananne. Wannan ƙila shigarwa ce ta lantarki zalla, kuma bambance-bambancen suna cikin fagen sarrafa microprocessor ne kawai. Ba gaske ba! Wannan ba haka bane, idan kawai saboda muna magana ne game da hanyoyin fasaha daban-daban a fagen tsarin turbocharging. Kuma ba shakka, ba kawai a cikin su ba. A wannan yanayin, tambayoyi da yawa sun taso a zahiri: shin 530d ba shine mafi kyawun zaɓi ba? Ko 535d ba shine mafi kyawun haɗin inganci da farashi ba? Me zai hana a mai da hankali kan hadaddun da ƙarfi amma tsada Alpina D5 daga Buchloe ko kai tsaye a kan M550d na Munich?

Baya ga banbancin iko da karfin juzu'i, dole ne mu ƙara zuwa asusun asusun banbancin leva 67 tsakanin mafi fa'ida da tsada. 000d tare da 530 hp yana da farashin tushe na 258 96 leva, 780 pence (535 hp) farashin 313 15 leva mafi. Wannan yana biyo bayan tsadar kudi mai matukar mahimmanci zuwa M 320d da leva na 550, kuma a cikin farashin farashin Alpina mun sami samfurin matsakaici tare da 163 hp. na euro 750.

Maganin masana'anta

Duk da kasancewa mafi ƙarancin ƙarfi, bambancin 530d tare da karfin 560 Nm kuma yana ba da damar tsallakewa ba tare da jinkiri ba, wanda ke tare da ɗan jinkiri a cikin amsar iskar gas. Wannan ba abin mamaki bane, tunda galibin Garrett turbocharger yana da lissafi mai canzawa (VTG), wanda a ciki ake sanya motocin haya masu kama da ƙaunata a cikin hanyar iskar gas. Dogaro da gibin da aka samu tsakanin su, wanda lantarki ke sarrafawa gwargwadon nauyi da sauri, gudunawar tana saurin zuwa mafi girma ko ƙarami, yana ba da amsa na sauri na injin turbin, duk da girman sa da ƙarfin sa. Sabili da haka, saurin haɗuwa ba tare da haɗuwa ba tare da matsin lamba mai matsin lamba mai ƙarfi (bar 1,8).

Duka 530d da babban dan uwansa 535d suna da akwatin alminiyon. A cikin rukuni mafi ƙarfi, an ƙara matsa lamba na mai daga 1800 zuwa mashaya 2000, kuma tsarin caji yanzu ya ƙunshi turbochargers biyu. A ƙarancin dubawa, ƙaramin turbocharger (tare da VTG mai cike da lissafi) ya cika injin, yayin da sabon iska da yake karɓa yana ci gaba da ɗan matse shi ta babba. A halin yanzu, bawul din wucewa ya fara budewa, yana barin wasu gas din su gudana kai tsaye cikin babban turbocharger. Bayan wani lokaci na rikon kwarya, a lokacin da dukkan bangarorin biyu ke aiki, babba a hankali zai dauki aikin cikewa, tare da kawar da karamar.

Matsakaicin matsin lamba a cikin tsarin shine bar na 2,25, babban kwampreso na ainihi yana da ƙananan nau'in matsin lamba tare da sandar 2,15, yayin da ƙaramin sashi, wanda aka tsara don ƙirƙirar matsin lamba, yana da aikin samar da iska don kyakkyawan amsa ga ƙananan saurin kuma koyaushe yana karɓar iska mai matsi daga babban kwampreso.

A ka'ida, 535d yakamata ya amsa da sauri fiye da 530d a cikakkiyar maƙura kuma ya sami saurin tudun wuta. Koyaya, ma'aunin da aka ɗauka tare da mota ta atomatik da wasa suna zana hoton ɗan bambanci. Don masu farawa zuwa 80 km / h, injin mai rauni zaiyi sauri (3,9 a kan 4,0 sakan), amma tsakanin 80 da 100 km / h, 535d ya riga ya kunna cikakken ƙarfi kuma yana kan gaba da 530d. Matsakaici-madaidaitan ma'auni tare da hanzari na 1000 rpm a cikin kaya na biyar ya nuna cewa da farko mota da ke da raunin injina ya sha gaban ɗan'uwansa mafi ƙarfi kuma kawai bayan kimanin daƙiƙa 1,5 mai ƙarfi ya isa saurinsa (a nan muna magana ne game da hanzari daga 2 zuwa 3 km / h) kuma ta riske shi, ta amfani da damar matsakaicin karfinsa na 630 Nm.

Wani ra'ayi

Alpina D5 yana zaune a wannan matsakaicin zangon tsakanin samfuran biyu, amma gaba ɗaya Buchloe yana da mafi kyawun aiki dangane da tsaka-tsakin yanayi cikin gwaji. Me yasa haka? Alpina yana amfani da injin cascade na 535d, amma injiniyoyin kamfanin sun inganta dukkanin kayan shigar don samar da iska mai yawa don cika silinda. Sabon tsarin tare da karuwar bututun bututu da ingantaccen radius na lankwasawa ya rage juriya na kwararar iska da kashi 30 cikin dari. Sabili da haka, injin yana numfasawa kyauta, kuma iska mai yawa tana sa a sami damar yin ƙarin allurar dasel kuma, tabbas, ƙara ƙarfi.

Tunda ba a karfafa akwatin Alpina kamar M 550d ba, injiniyoyin kamfanin sun ƙara matsin cika da ƙaran 0,3 kawai. Wannan, tare da sauran matakan don ƙara ƙarfi, amma duk da haka ya haifar da ƙaruwar zafin iskar gas da digiri 50, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ake yin bututun sharar da ƙarfen D5S mai jure zafi.

Tsarin turbocharger da kansa bai canza ba. A gefe guda, kamar yadda aka ambata, an riga an inganta abubuwan sha da shaye shaye kuma an kara girman tsaka-tsakin. Na biyun, duk da haka, ya riƙe ƙa'idar sanyaya iska kuma, ya bambanta da mai sanyaya mai rikitarwa M 550d, ba lallai bane ya yi amfani da kewayen ruwa daban.

A saman

Babban samfurin dizal na kamfanin Bavaria shine kawai wanda ake samu a matsayin ma'auni tare da duk abin hawa, da kuma fasahar mai na musamman tare da caja uku. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan an yi aiki, ƙaramin turbocharger (VTG) yana ɗaukar nauyi kuma babba (ba VTG) yana ba da iko a kusan 1500rpm, bin ka'idar cascade ta 535d - a kusan 2700rpm, bawul ɗin kewayawa wanda ke karkatar da wasu gas ɗin zuwa babban turbocharger. Bambanci daga tsarin toshe biyu shine cewa an gina na uku, kuma ƙarami, turbocharger a cikin wannan layin wucewa.

Bayanai akan wannan injin yana magana da kansa - 381 hp. zama a wannan matakin daga 4000 zuwa 4400 rpm yana nufin lita 127 hp. 740 Nm na karfin juyi yana ba da kyakkyawan juzu'i, kuma yanayin rev ya kai 5400 rpm, yana motsawa cikin yanayin al'ada na injin mai. Babu wani injin dizal da ke da irin wannan fa'idar aiki yayin da yake riƙe babban matakin jan hankali.

Dalili na wannan karya a cikin babbar fasaha tushe na wannan engine - ba kawai crankcase, crankshaft da kuma haɗa sanduna da aka karfafa, wanda dole ne jure wa ƙãra aiki matsa lamba daga 535 zuwa 185 mashaya idan aka kwatanta da 200d. Hakanan an ƙara matsa lamba na allurar mai zuwa mashaya 2200 kuma ingantaccen tsarin zagayawa na ruwa yana kwantar da matsewar iska. Duk wannan yana haifar da aiki na musamman dangane da sigogi masu ƙarfi - M 550d yana haɓaka daga tsayawar zuwa 100 km / h a cikin daƙiƙa biyar kuma a cikin wani 15,1 zuwa 200 km / h. Duk da haka, halittar Alpina ba ta da nisa a baya, yana nuna cewa tare da gyare-gyare a hankali tsarin kaske mai raka'a biyu shima yana da ƙarin yuwuwar. Tabbas, dangane da tsarkakakkun bayanai, Alpina D5 yana bayan M 550d, amma injinsa yana ɗaukar ƙarancin nauyi (120 kg) - gaskiyar da ke bayyana haɓakar kusanci sosai.

Kwatancen gaske

Hakazalika, muna magana ne game da ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi, amma 535d mai rahusa mai mahimmanci wanda ya kai 200 km / h a kusan lokaci guda da abokan hamayyarsa na gida. Ko da mafi girma bambance-bambance za a iya samu a cikin dauki na mota. Matsakaicin jinkiri, wanda galibi ana fassara shi azaman turbo rami, shine mafi girma akan 535d kuma mafi ƙasƙanci akan M 550d. Mahimman cigaban fasaha ya shafi a nan - amma babu irin wannan fasaha a duniya.

Koyaya, wasu abubuwan ban sha'awa kuma suna fitowa - lokacin haɓakawa zuwa 80 km / h, 530d ya mamaye mafi ƙarfi tare da 50 hp. 535d ku. Wannan na ƙarshe ya sake samun jagoranci, amma tare da matsakaicin yawan man fetur yana ba da rahoto fiye da kowace lita. Alpina shine sarki dangane da elasticity - saurin karuwa a karfin juyi da nauyi mai nauyi idan aka kwatanta da M 550d yana ba shi babbar fa'ida.

Idan ka duba bayanan aikin hanya, za ka ga cewa ko da idan aka kwatanta da takwarorinsa masu ƙarfi, 530d ba shi da kyau. Ayyukansa dangane da matsakaicin hanzari ya ragu, amma wannan abu ne da za a iya fahimta sosai, idan aka yi la'akari da babban watsawa mai tsawo, wanda, duk da haka, yana ba shi damar amfani da man fetur lokacin tuki a babban gudu. Koyaya, wannan saitin baya zama matsala mai ƙarfi, saboda a cikin yanayin buɗewar buɗaɗɗen magudanar kwatsam, ingantaccen watsa mai saurin gudu takwas yana amsawa da sauri kuma yana ba da damar haɓaka haɓakawa. Kamar 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, tare da 258 hp. 530d na iya zama alamar layin diesel. Koyaya, wannan sigar yanzu tana saman wani mai nuna alama - a matsayin shawararmu a cikin wannan kwatancen.

rubutu: Markus Peters

bayanan fasaha

Alpina D5 BiTurbo	Bmw 530d	Bmw 535d	BMW M550d xDrive
Volumearar aiki	-	-	-	-
Ikon	350 k.s. a 4000 rpm	258 k.s. a 4000 rpm	313 k.s. a 4400 rpm	381 k.s. a 4000 rpm
Matsakaici karfin juyi	-	-	-	-
Hanzarta 0-100 km / h	5,2 s	5,9 s	5,6 s	5,0 s
Nisan birki a gudun 100 km / h	-	-	-	-
Girma mafi girma	275 km / h	250 km / h	250 km / h	250 km / h
Matsakaicin amfani man fetur a cikin gwaji	10,3 l	8,3 l	9,4 l	11,2 l
Farashin tushe	70 950 Yuro	96 780 levov	112 100 levov	163 750 levov